




已阅读5页,还剩15页未读, 继续免费阅读
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
MANAGEMENTOFCHANGEOFCHEMICALPROCESSCONTROLSYSTEMSPAPERH15MANAGEMENTOFCHANGEOFCHEMICALPROCESSCONTROLSYSTEMSABSTRACTMANAGEMENTOFCHANGEMOCHASBEENRECOMMENDEDTOBEANIMPORTANTPARTOFCHEMICALPROCESSSAFETYSINCETHEBRITISHINQUIRYBOARDSINVESTIGATIONREPORTOFTHE1974FLIXBOROUGHUKINCIDENT1THEUSAOCCUPATIONALSAFETYANDHEALTHADMINISTRATIONOSHAREGULATIONFORMALIZEDMOCASONEOFTHE14ELEMENTSOFITSPROCESSSAFETYMANAGEMENTREGULATIONIN19992HOWEVER,MOSTFACILITIESFOCUSEDTHEIRMOCPROGRAMONEQUIPMENTCHANGES,PARTICULARLYCHANGESTHATWOULDCHANGETHEPIDSOREQUIPMENTSPECIFICATIONSPROCEDURALCHANGES,ORGANIZATIONALCHANGESANDCOMPUTERCONTROLSYSTEMCHANGESARENOTUNIVERSALLYCONSIDEREDWITHINTHESCOPEOFTHEMOCPROGRAMEVENTHOUGHFORMALMOCISALSOAPARTOFTHEISO9000ANDISO14000GLOBALMANAGEMENTSTANDARDS,THENEEDFORCONTROLLINGCHANGESTOPLANTCOMPUTERSOFTWAREISNOTGENERALLYACKNOWLEDGEDSEVERALRECENTINCIDENTS,INWHICHADEGRADEDCONTROLSYSTEMHASBEENIDENTIFIEDASONEOFTHECONTRIBUTINGFACTORS,MOSTNOTABLYASALARMFLOODSORBYPASSEDSAFEGUARDS,HAVEPUTTHESPOTLIGHTONTHENEEDTOMAINTAINTHECONTROLSYSTEMEFFECTIVENESSTHEGAININGRECOGNITIONOFTHEFUNCTIONALSAFETYINSTRUMENTEDSYSTEMSTANDARDS,ISA8401ANDISO61511,WITHMOCASAPARTOFITSSAFETYLIFECYCLECONCEPT,HASHELPEDTHEABNORMALSITUATIONMANAGEMENTCONSORTIUM,THEWORKOFTHEBRITISHHEALTHANDSAFETYEXECUTIVEONALARMMANAGEMENTANDTHERECOMMENDATIONOFSCADASYSTEMASSESSMENTBYTHEUSAOFFICEPIPELINESAFETYAREAMONGTHEPOSITIVEINDICATORSTHATREGULATORSANDSAFETYPROFESSIONALSAREATTEMPTINGTOADDSOFTWARECHANGESTOTHEVERYIMPORTANTMOCPROGRAMKEYWORDSMANAGEMENTOFCHANGE,MOC,SCADA,DCS,SIS,OSHA,ABNORMALSITUATIONMANAGEMENT,ALARMMANAGEMENTINTRODUCTIONMANAGEMENTOFCHANGEMOCPROCEDURESWEREFIRSTFORMALIZEDINTHEFLEDGLINGNUCLEARPOWERINDUSTRYWEST,1992ANDQUICKLYSPREADTOTHEDEFENSEINDUSTRYMILSTD973SEVERALDIFFERENTNAMESWEREUSEDTODESCRIBEMOC,INCLUDINGCONCURRENTENGINEERING,PROCESSCHANGECONTROL,ANDCONFIGURATIONMANAGEMENTMOCPROCEDURESHAVERECEIVEDINCREASEDATTENTIONDUETOTHEINTRODUCTIONOFREQUIREMENTSWITHINTHENEWOSHAANDEPAPROCESSSAFETYMANAGEMENTREGULATIONSOSHA1992EPA,1998INTHEUSATHEMORERECENTISO9000QUALITYINITIATIVESISO9000HAVEPROVIDEDFURTHERSIGNIFICANCETOTHENEEDFORPROCESSCHANGECONTROLMANAGEMENTHOWEVER,MANYFIRMSAPPLIEDMOCONLYTOEQUIPMENTANDFIELDOPERATIONALPROCEDURECHANGESTHEINTENTOFALLMOCSTANDARDSANDREGULATIONSCLEARLYINCLUDESPROCESSCONTROLSYSTEMSMOCSPARKEDBYCATASTROPHICINCIDENTSABSENCEOFMANAGEMENTCONTROLOVERPROCESSCHANGESHASRESULTEDINSEVERALCATASTROPHICFAILURESONEOFTHEFIRSTCATASTROPHICINCIDENTSTOHAVEIDENTIFIEDMOCASAROOTCAUSEWASTHEFLIXBOROUGHACCIDENTIN1974THEUKROYALCOMMISSIONFLIXBOROUGH,1975RECOMMENDEDTHATCHEMICALPLANTSINSTITUTEMOCPROCEDURESTOAVOIDSUCHDEVASTATINGACCIDENTSALMOSTEVERYMAJORINCIDENTCANBELINKEDTOACHANGETHATWASNOTSUBJECTEDTOAPROPERSAFETYREVIEWASREQUIREDBYMOCSANDERS,1993KLETZ,1988FOLLOWINGTHEBHOPALINCIDENT,THEFORMATIONOFTHECENTERFORCHEMICALPROCESSSAFETYBYTHEAMERICANINSTITUTEOFCHEMICALENGINEERSAICHELEADEVENTUALLYTOTHEPUBLICATIONOFTHEMAJORPRINCIPLESOFPROCESSSAFETY,INCLUDINGMOCTHEAICHEDEFINITIONAICHE1992OFMOCISATEMPORARYORPERMANENTSUBSTITUTION,ALTERATION,REPLACEMENTNOTINKIND,MODIFICATIONBYADDITIONORDELETIONOFCRITICALPROCESSEQUIPMENT,APPLICABLECODES,PROCESSCONTROL,CATALYSTSORCHEMICALS,FEEDSTOCKS,OPERATINGLIMITS,MECHANICALPROCEDURES,ELECTRICALPROCEDURES,SAFETYPROCEDURES,EMERGENCYRESPONSEEQUIPMENTFROMTHEPRESENTCONFIGURATIONOFTHECRITICALPROCESSEQUIPMENT,PROCEDURES,OROPERATINGLIMITSINTHEAFTERMATHOFTHE1989PHILLIPSPOLYETHYLENEPLANTDISASTER,OSHAPUBLISHEDTHEPROCESSSAFETYMANAGEMENTREGULATIONWITHTHEFOLLOWINGEXCERPTDEFININGMOCIN29CFR1910119SECTIONLTHEEMPLOYERSHALLESTABLISHANDIMPLEMENTWRITTENPROCEDURESTOMANAGECHANGESEXCEPTFORREPLACEMENTSINKINDTOPROCESSCHEMICALS,TECHNOLOGY,EQUIPMENT,ANDPROCEDURESAND,CHANGESTOFACILITIESTHATAFFECTACOVEREDPROCESSTHEPROCEDURESSHALLASSURETHATTHEFOLLOWINGCONSIDERATIONSAREADDRESSEDPRIORTOANYCHANGEITHETECHNICALBASISFORTHEPROPOSEDCHANGEIIIMPACTOFCHANGEONSAFETYANDHEALTHIIIMODIFICATIONSTOOPERATINGPROCEDURESIVNECESSARYTIMEPERIODFORTHECHANGEANDVAUTHORIZATIONREQUIREMENTSFORTHEPROPOSEDCHANGEEMPLOYEESINVOLVEDINOPERATINGAPROCESSANDMAINTENANCECONTRACTEMPLOYEESWHOSEJOBTASKSWILLBEAFFECTEDBYACHANGEINTHEPROCESSSHALLBEINFORMEDOF,ANDTRAINEDIN,THECHANGEPRIORTOSTARTUPOFTHEPROCESSORAFFECTEDPARTOFTHEPROCESSIFACHANGECOVEREDBYTHISPARAGRAPHRESULTSINACHANGEINTHEPROCESSSAFETYINFORMATIONREQUIREDBYPARAGRAPHD,SUCHINFORMATIONSHALLBEUPDATEDACCORDINGLYIFACHANGECOVEREDBYTHISPARAGRAPHRESULTSINACHANGEINTHEOPERATINGPROCEDURESORPRACTICESREQUIREDBYPARAGRAPHF,SUCHPROCEDURESORPRACTICESSHALLBEUPDATEDACCORDINGLYTHETENETSOFQUALITYMANAGEMENTALSOCONTAINAMANAGEMENTELEMENTESSENTIALLYIDENTICALINPHILOSOPHYASTHEPROCESSSAFETYMOCSECTION88OFTHEISO9004ANSI/ASQCQ94ISO9000ISENTITLED“DESIGNCHANGECONTROLCONFIGURATIONMANAGEMENT”SECTION116ISENTITLED“PROCESSCHANGECONTROL”THEREFORE,THETOTALQUALITYMANAGEMENTINITIATIVEHASACHANGEMANAGEMENTREQUIREMENTEXTREMELYSIMILARTOTHEMOCPRINCIPLESDEFINEDHEREINTHEFIRSTSPECIFICMENTIONOFMOCCONCEPTSINTHEPETROLEUMPRODUCTIONSAFETYANDLOSSPREVENTIONLITERATUREWASTHEAPIRECOMMENDEDPRACTICE,MANAGEMENTOFPROCESSHAZARDSAPI1990THECULLENREPORTCULLEN1988RECOMMENDATIONSLEDTOBRITISHREGULATIONSINTHENORTHSEATHATALSOINCLUDEDMOCREQUIREMENTSMOCAPPLIESTOCONTROLSYSTEMSNOTETHATPARAGRAPH4OFTHEOSHAREGULATIONABOVELINKSMOCTO“PROCESSSAFETYINFORMATION”,WHICHINTURNMENTIONSSAFETYSYSTEMSANDCONTROLSYSTEMSHENCE,OSHAINCLUDESTHEENTIRECONTROLSYSTEMWITHINTHEJURISDICTIONOFPROCESSSAFETYREGULATIONSMANYOSHAOFFICIALINTERPRETATIONLETTERSALSOREINFORCEVIEWPOINTTHEAICHEDEFINITIONABOVECLEARLYDEFINESPROCESSCONTROLWITHINTHEAREASTOBEWITHINMOCCONTROLPROCEDURESTHESAFETYINSTRUMENTEDSYSTEMSSISSTANDARDS,SUCHASISA84ANDIEC61511AICHE1993ISA1996IEC61511DEFINEASAFETYLIFECYCLECONCEPTFORSAFETYCONTROLSYSTEMCOMPONENTSINWHICHMOCISHIGHLIGHTEDMANYOTHERRECENTLYUPDATEDORREVISEDSTANDARDSCROSSREFERENCETHENEEDFORMOCTHEEUROPEANATEXRULESONHAZARDOUSAREACLASSIFICATIONAREBUTONEEXAMPLETHEUSOFFICEOFPIPELINESAFETYISSUEDANADVISORYTHATSTRONGLYSUGGESTSPIPELINESCADASYSTEMSBESUBJECTEDTOMOCPROCEDURESTHISRECOMMENDATIONRESULTEDFROMTHEANALYSISOFTHEBILLINGHAMPIPELINECATASTROPHICACCIDENT,WHICHLISTEDREDUCEDCONTROLSYSTEMRESPONSETIMEASAROOTCAUSEOFTHEINCIDENTTHEREFORE,MOCMUSTBEAPPLIEDTOALLCHANGESINTHEPROCESSCONTROLSYSTEMELEMENTSOFPROCESSCONTROLSYSTEMSSOMEOFTHEMAJORELEMENTSOFATYPICALMODERNPROCESSCONTROLSYSTEMSINCLUDEHARDWAREFIELDINSTRUMENTATIONDATAHIGHWAYLOGICSOLVERSCOMPUTERS,ELECTRONICDEVICESPOWERSUPPLIESSOFTWAREOPERATINGSYSTEMDCS/SCVADA/PLCSYSTEMSOFTWAREAPPLICATIONSOFTWAREALARMSYSTEMAPPLYINGMOCTOHARDWARECHANGESISSIMILARTOTHEEQUIVALENTPRACTICESFORCHANGESTOOTHERPROCESSEQUIPMENTTHREEAREASHAVEPROVEDTOBEMOREDIFFICULTTOBRINGWITHINMOCJURISDICTIONCONFIGURATIONLIMITVALUESOPERATINGSYSTEMSCHANGESTOTHEPROCESSCONTROLCONFIGURATION,SUCHASADDINGALARMS,APPEARSTOBEABENIGNCHANGE,HOWEVER,THECUMULATIVEEFFECTOFADDINGTOOMANYALARMSCANCAUSEALARMFLOODSCHANGESTOLIMITVALUES,EVENTEMPORARYCHANGES,CANLEADTOSAFETYPROBLEMSSEVERALINCIDENTSHAVEBEENATTRIBUTEDTOTEMPORARYCHANGESTHATHAVENOTBEENRESTOREDTOTHEIRORIGINALINTERLOCKLIMITVALUESCHANGESTOOPERATINGSYSTEMSAREEVENMORECHALLENGING,SINCEMINORSOFTWAREPATCHES,LARGERSYSTEMUPGRADES,OREVENMAJORVERSIONUPGRADESAREPOSSIBLETHEONLYWAYTOBESURETHATNOIMPACTONTHECONTROLSYSTEMHASBEENMADEISTOCONDUCTANOTHERSITEACCEPTANCETESTPLANFORCONTROLSYSTEMSCHANGEWHILEPROCESSEQUIPMENTISTYPICALLYDESIGNEDFORA2030YEARPROJECTLIFE,SCADA,SISANDDCSSYSTEMSAREMORELIKELYTOBEREPLACEDORSERIOUSLYUPGRADEDONA10YEARCYCLEORLESSTHEREFORE,MAJORFUTURECHANGEOUTOFTHECONTROLSYSTEMMUSTALSOBECONSIDEREDINTHEORIGINALPROJECTPLANWHEREAS,FORWARDTHINKINGPROJECTDESIGNERSPLANNEDFORFUTURECHANGEOUTBYSPECIFYINGPOWERSUPPLIESWITHADDITIONALPARALLELLOADCAPABILITY,JUNCTIONBOXESWITHLARGESPARECAPACITY,PLCSWITHADDITIONALSPARECONTACTCAPABILITY,ANDTELEMETRYWITHADDITIONALFREQUENCYPAIRS,THEEVOLVINGEXPANSIONOFOPERATIONSOVERTHEYEARSSOMETIMESSCAVENGESTHECHANGEOUTCAPABILITYIFTHEORIGINALPROJECTDOCUMENTATIONHASIDENTIFIEDTHESPARECAPACITYASRESERVEDFORFUTURECHANGEOUT,THENTHEMANAGEMENTOFCHANGESYSTEMSHOULDKEEPOPERATIONSMANAGEMENTAWAREOFENCROACHMENTSONTHENEXTCONTROLSYSTEMUPGRADEPROJECTDIGITALBABELINHISLETTERTOTHEEDITOROFTHEISAINTECHMONTHLYMAGAZINE,INTERNATIONALLYNOTEDCONTROLSYSTEMAUTHORBELALIPTAKLIPTAK,2004WARNEDOFTHESAFETYIMPLICATIONSOFTHECHAOTICSTATEOFTHECURRENTLY8DIFFERENTDIGITALDATAHIGHWAYSWITHTHECONCOMITANTPROBLEMSOFMESSAGETRANSLATIONHEALSODEPLOREDTHECONTROLSYSTEMVENDORPRACTICEOFNOTINCLUDINGTESTEDWORKINGCONTROLSOFTWARE,LEAVINGTHEUSERSTOSELECTAMONGMANYINDEPENDENTSOFTWARESUPPLIERSAPPLYINGMOCLESSONSLEARNEDTOPROCESSCONTROLTHEMOSTIMPORTANTLESSONLEARNEDINAPPLYINGMOCPROCEDURESINTHEEARLIEREXPERIENCESWASTOCATEGORIZEFACILITIESINTOSAFETYCRITICALANDNONSAFETYCRITICALSYSTEMSIFNONSAFETYCRITICALEQUIPMENTARESUBJECTEDTOSAFETYREVIEWATTHELEVELOFDETAILREQUIREDBYSAFETYCRITICALITEMS,THENTHEMOCSYSTEMBOGSDOWNINITSOWNPAPERWORKWHILETHISMAYWORKFORPROCESSAREASTHATARENOTSAFETYCRITICALORINSTRUMENTLOOPSTHATARECONTROLLINGNONHAZARDOUSSYSTEMS,THEREMAYBEMANYCONTROLSUBSYSTEMSDATAHIGHWAY,OPERATINGSYSTEMS,ETCWHICHCOMINGLESAFETYANDNONSAFETYCRITICALSYSTEMSITISINTERESTINGTONOTETHATEACHRECOMMENDEDPRACTICEORREGULATIONDELEGATESTHELEVELOFSAFETYREVIEWDETAILTOTHEAPPLICABLEFACILITYMANAGEMENTWHILESOMEOFTHEMANAGEMENTPRACTICESESPOUSEDINTHERECENTMOCSTANDARDSHAVELONGBEENPRACTICEDBYMANYFIRMS,ITISTHEFORMALIZATIONOFMOCANDTHEABILITYTOAUDITTHEPROGRAMTHATISRELATIVELYNEWTOTHEPETROLEUMANDCHEMICALINDUSTRYTHISTRANSLATESINTOPAPERWORK/DOCUMENTATIONOFCHANGESAPPLIEDTOTHECONTROLSYSTEMOPERATORSANDENGINEERSCONCLUSIONSMANAGEMENTOFCHANGEISREQUIREDTOMAINTAINTHESAFETYINTEGRITYOFTHECHEMICALPROCESSFACILITYADMINISTRATIONOFACOSTEFFECTIVEMANAGEMENTOFCHANGEPROGRAMREQUIRESCAREFULPLANNINGSINCETHEBRUNTOFMANAGEMENTOFCHANGEOPERATIONALEFFECTIVENESSISDEPENDENTONTHEFIRSTANDSECONDLINEPROCESSSUPERVISORS,ASIMPLEMANAGEMENTOFCHANGEPROCEDURALWORKFLOWANDADOCUMENTMANAGEMENTSYSTEMAREPRACTICALNECESSITIESFURTHERMORE,VARIOUSSCREENINGTECHNIQUESHAVEBEENUSEDTOOPTIMIZESCARCETECHNICALRESOURCES,PARTICULARLYBYALLOWINGSMALLHAZARD/LOWRISKCHANGESTOBEANALYZEDANDAUTHORIZEDWITHOUTTHENEEDFORUNNECESSARYREDTAPEFREQUENTVERIFICATIONOFACTUALPRACTICEISPARTICULARLYCRITICALUNTILMANAGEMENTOFCHANGEBECOMESPARTOFTHECORPORATECULTUREACKNOWLEDGMENTSTHEAUTHORSWOULDLIKETOTHANKOURCOLLEAGUESFORTHEMANYDISCUSSIONSANDPROJECTS,WHICHASSISTEDINTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHEIDEASANDCONCEPTSPRESENTEDHEREINBIBLIOGRAPHYPROCESSSAFETYMANAGEMENTOFHIGHLYHAZARDOUSCHEMICALEXPLOSIVESANDBLASTINGAGENTSFINALRULE,29CFRPART1910,DEPARTMENTOFLABOR,OCCUPATIONALSAFETYANDHEALTHADMINISTRATION,WASHINGTON,DC,FEBRUARY24,1992,FEDERALREGISTER,VOLUME57,NO36THEFLIXBOROUGHCYCLOHEXANEDISASTER,HERMAJESTYSSTATIONERYOFFICE,LONDON,1975TAKLETZ,PLANTOPERATIONSPROGRESS,VOL5,3,AMERICANINSTITUTEOFCHEMICALENGINEERS,JULY1986,P136PLANTGUIDELINESFORTECHNICALMANAGEMENTOFCHEMICALPROCESSSAFETY,CENTERFORCHEMICALPROCESSSAFETYOFTHEAMERICANINSTITUTEOFCHEMICALENGINEERS,NEWYORK,1992ISO9000,QUALITYMANAGEMENTOFINDUSTRIALFACILITIES,LONDON,UK,LATESTEDITIONREVIEWSAFETYQUESTIONSINTHENUCLEARPOWERINDUSTRY,10CFR5059,DEPARTMENTOFENERGY,NUCLEARREGULATORYCOMMISSION,WASHINGTON,DCMILITARYSTANDARD973,CONFIGURATIONMANAGEMENTATGOVERNMENTFACILITIES,MILSTD973,DEPARTMENTOFDEFENSE,WASHINGTON,DCRISKMANAGEMENTPROGRAMSFORCHEMICALACCIDENTALRELEASEPREVENTION,TITLE40CFRPART68SECTION6836PREVENTIONPROGRAMMANAGEMENTOFCHANGE,ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONADMINISTRATION,WASHINGTON,DCRECOMMENDEDPRACTICESFORDEVELOPMENTOFASAFETYANDENVIRONMENTALPROGRAMFOROUTERCONTINENTALSHELFOCSOPERATIONSANDFACILITIES,APIRECOMMENDEDPRACTICE75,AMERICANPETROLEUMINSTITUTE,WASHINGTONDCLATESTE
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 商标侵权和解协议书7篇
- 2025年长沙无人机产业园「研发-制造-应用」产业链创新模式研究报告
- 2025年光储一体化系统在高原地区电力供应中的应用效果评估
- 2025年低空飞行器电池热管理在无人机领域的应用前景报告
- 2025年低空经济航空保险行业发展报告
- 第10课 我能行说课稿-2025-2026学年小学心理健康苏教版四年级-苏科版
- 第18课 中国社会主义经济建设的曲折发展说课稿-2025-2026学年高中历史岳麓版2007必修Ⅱ-岳麓版2007
- Unit 4 Interests and Abilities Writing Workshop(说课稿)-2024-2025学年(北师大版)英语七年级上册
- 第23课《女娲造人》教学设计 统编版语文七年级上册
- 主题研讨 人类对电磁现象及其规律的认识说课稿-2025-2026学年高中物理鲁科版选修1-1-鲁科版2004
- 广州小升初密考数学试卷
- 赠送公司股权协议书范本
- 医院清洗服务方案-清洗项目实施方案设计完整流程
- 美睫培训课件模板
- 主动脉夹层急救护理常规
- 交警大队保密管理制度
- 2025年数据治理及数据应用优化服务项目需求
- 快递车车辆管理制度
- 心理健康考试题及答案
- 钻探工(高级)职业技能考试题(附答案)
- 合伙养猪合同协议书
评论
0/150
提交评论