外文翻译--微型计算机的应用.doc

附录A：Applicationofthemicrocomputer：Withtheimprovementoftheperformance-costratioofthecomputer,theapplicationofthemicrocomputerhasbeenalreadymoreandmoreextensive.Theseapplyindustrialandagriculturalproduction,scientificresearch,high-techrespecttoforalargenumberofreports,andthereareremarkableeconomicbenefitsandsocialbenefit,inotherrespects,forinstancetraffic,postandtelecommunications,healthcare,cultureandsports,etc.begintoproducetheobviousbenefittoo.Atpresent,theapplicationofthecomputerhasalreadyenteredintoofficeautomationandfamilylife.Thesystemcomposedofmicrocomputers,itshouldbeusedforsaying,Fanisbrightandveryextensive,buttosumup,thereisthefollowingseveralrespectmainly.1Scientificcaculationscientificcaculationwhethercomputersystemuseearly,mosttypicalsubjectmost,becauseinproductionandscientificresearch,willoftenmeetalotofcomplicatedmathematicsquestions.Forexampleinthefields,suchasastronomy,quantumchemistry,aerodynamics,nuclearphysics,etc.,needtorelyonthecomputertocarryoncomplicatedoperation.Militarily,transmissionofguidedmissileandflightcalculationcontrol,modernantiaircraftsystem,etc.oftrackmilitaryinstallationsbyheavysystemthatcomputercontrolusually.Modernaviation,spaceflighttechnicaldevelopment,suchasthedesignofthesupersonicaircraft,satellite,andcarrierrockettrackcalculateleavecomputer.Besidesnationaldefenceandmostadvancedscienceandtechnology,computerfromotherdisciplinesandengineeringdesignsuchasmathematics,mechanics,bridgedesign,architecture,buildingengineeringdesign,etc.arewidelyusedtoointhefield,havepromotedthedevelopmentofeveryscienceandtechnology.Somesystem,requirecomputerresulttodealwithincomeactonorinfluencethingthatpunishconverselyimmediately,amongcontrollingsystemthatguidedmissilefly,measureparameter(includestheflightenvironment)thatguidedmissileflyconstantly,andreactintime,reviseorbitthatguidedmissilefly,suchasystemiscalledthereal-timeprocesssystem.Characteristicofscientificcaculationpersonwhocalculateheavyandnumbervalueheavytochangetherange.2.Dataprocessingpresentmostcomputersallusedindataprocessing.Isitisitprovedataworkingconditionofcomputertocomewithbankingsystemdepositorforexampletodealwithnow.Punishdeposit,withdrawthemoney,payoutwagesandotherdirectlyofdepositorwithcomputersuchascreditcardsystem,salesoutletsystem,etc.banking,thiskindofcomputersystemgenerallydisposesmanyterminaldevices,useforanddataentrycomputerorforpaycashautomaticallyrelevantinformationofdepositor(withdrawthemoney).Thecreditcardisacardwithonesmallmagneticstripeofapieceofabove,rememberonthemagneticstripethatthereareholderscharacteristics,rmationisasinsertbankbehindthesocketofterminaldevice,characteristicinformationthatwritedownonthemagneticstripestudyincomputerlinkedwithterminalstationtoenter.Ifcreditcardholderdepositorofbankthis,automatictotakeouttheaccountrelatedtothisdepositorofcomputercomputerhavethen,carryondeposit,withdrawthemoneyorworkoftransferingaccountsetc.,settleaccountamountofmoneyafterdepositinthecomputeragain.Thecreditcardcanalsobuythethings,anyplaceinwhichthereiscorrespondingbankingterminalstation,thedepartmentcanpaythebillwithit.Transferstaffmemberssalarytothebankdirectlythroughthecomputersystem,adddepositamountofmoneytogetdepositorrealizethatgrantsthesalaryautomaticallyautomatically.Fromhaveexamplecanbeseen,thedatahandlingsystemhasthecharacteristicsthatthedateoutamountofintroductionisgreatandcalculatesandverysimple.Inordertorealizethebankingprocedurewheredepositsandwithdrawalsareprocessedatanybranchbankbetweeneverysavingsbankandusethecreditcardinotherconsumptionplaces,thecomputerneedsnetworkingandusing.DevelopedIccardrapidlyinrecentyears(integratedcircuitcard),useitasthecreditcard,havehigherprivacyandsecurity.Becauseminiaturecomputersystemmoreandmoreheavytostorecapacity,variouskindsofbusinessadministrationapplicationsoftwareperfectandnotabundantdaybyday,soinmodernbusinessadministration,usethemicrosystemtobeparticipatedinmanaging,haseconomizedalargeamountofmanpower,materialresources,haveacceleratedataprocessingtime,hasimprovedenterprisesmanagementlevel.1.Countpersonwhorevealcontrolforcomputerthatcontrol,itinputinformationvoltage,temperature,mechanicalpositionanalogquantityoften,shouldchangethemintothefigureamountfirst,calledthemodulustochange,thenthecomputercoulddealwithorcalculate.Resultofcomputerfigureamount,wantdosetheychangeanalogquantitygotargetofcontrollinggenerally,claimthatthemouldischanged.UseexistingnewcomputerofCAD,reachthelabourintensityofdesignautomationorthesemi-automaticdegreeandraisedesigningquality,thisisanimportantcontentofCADtoo.Becausethedesignworkcannotbeseparatedfromfigure,generallyforauxiliarycomputerdesignedandusedtoallocateequipment,figurelanguage,figuresoftware,etc.,suchasgraphicaldisplay,plotter,etc.Designercaninputthroughspecial-purposesoftwaretheseoutputequipmentinputcomputerdesigningrequirementorscheme,calculateandshowtheresulttreatedlythroughthecorrespondingapplicationprogram,thedesignercanreviseorchoosewiththelightpenortheGeniusmouse,untilitissatisfied.4.Alotofhumanmentallaboursofartificialintelligence,isitneedintelligencetosuchasprovemathematicstheorem,carryongeneralknowledgereasoning,understandnaturallanguage,diagnosedisease,playchessthegame,brokencryptography.Artificialintelligencetoisitdeducehumanbrainreasoningthoughtprocess,ruleandtactics,skilladopted,pileintoacomputerprogramtogoon,storesomegenerallyacknowledgedtruthsandreasoningrulesinthecomputer,thenletthemachineexplorethemethodtosolveaproblemautomatically,sothiskindofprocedureisdifferentfromthegeneralapplicationprogramofthecomputer.Artificialintelligenceispaidwiththegreatattentioninsuchaspectsasunderstanding,machinevisionandsenseofhearingofthenaturallanguageatpresent.Naturallanguagewhethermankindassociateusedlanguage,computerunderstanditverydifficult,becausepeople,throughonesownproduction,life,socialactivities,owntohavealargeamountof,highlysimilarmessageorknowledgeamongbrain,computerhave,semantemethatthenormalpersontalksinadditionrelatestocontextevenoften,carryonreasoningordemonstratetothecontentoftalkingthatdrawssomeconclusionssometimes.Theintelligentrobotiscomprehensiveresultsofdifferentsubjectsforresearchofartificialintelligence,isitperceiveandunderstandsurroundingenvironment,carryonreasoningandhandleabilityoftooltohave,andcanfinishacertainmovementthroughlearningtoadapttothesurroundingenvironment.Itisforplacewhereitallowpeopletoenter(suchashightemperature,havematerialnotradioactive,etc.)userobotnottobespecialmeaningedSensors:Asensorcanbephysical,chemicalabundance,biomassconversionintoelectricalsignals,andotherdevices.Outputsignalsofdifferentforms,suchasvoltage,current,frequency,pulse,etc.,cansatisfyinformationtransmission,processing,recording,display,control,automaticdetectionsystemandautomaticcontrolsystemindispensablecomponents.Ifthecomputerthanforthebrain,thenthesensoristheequivalentoffacialfeatures,Sensorscanbemeasuredcorrectlyfeelingsandconvertedintothecorrespondingoutputoftheperformanceofthesystemplaysadecisiverole.Thehigherdegreeofautomation,sensorsystemtothehigherrequirements.Sensortechnologyisthemoderninformationtechnologyoneoftheimportantpillars(moderninformationtechnologyto