物理学方法论研究_经典力学研究方法的演变与发展（the evolution and development of physics methodology _ classical mechanics research methods）

物理学方法论研究_经典力学研究方法的演变与发展（THEEVOLUTIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFPHYSICSMETHODOLOGY_CLASSICALMECHANICSRESEARCHMETHODS）THEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINESEHISTORYINTHEPASTTHOUSANDYEARSHASPROVEDTHATALLETHNICRELATIONSSHOULDBEHANDLEDPROPERLYBETWEENNATIONS,UNITYANDHARMONY,THEPEOPLEWILLLIVEANDWORKINPEACEANDCONTENTMENT,THESTATEISTHEREFOREXINGWANGCHANGONTHECONTRARY,ITWILLLEADTONATIONALANTAGONISMANDNATIONALSTRIFE,ANDSOCIETYWILLBECOMEUNSTABLEASARESULTINSECURITY,THESTABILITYOFTHEPEOPLESLIVESCANNOTBEGUARANTEED,SOTHATTHESTRENGTHOFTHECOUNTRYHASBEENGREATLYWEAKEN。WHILECARRYINGOUTNATIONALEQUALITYANDUNITYEDUCATION,WEMUSTALSOCARRYOUTNATIONALMUTUALASSISTANCE,HARMONIOUSEDUCATIONTHOUSANDSOFYEARSOFCHINESEHISTORYHAVEPROVED,DESPITETHELONGCOURSEOFHISTORYTHEREHAVEBEENMANYDISPUTESANDWARSBETWEENNATIONALITIES,BUTMORE,MOREIMPORTANTLY,THEMOTHERLANDTHEFRIENDLYEXCHANGESOFECONOMY,CULTUREANDTRADEAMONGTHENATIONALITIESAREMOREINTERETHNICFRIENDLYCOOPERATIONANDJOINTDEVELOPMENT,ANDJOINTLYBUILDTHEIRHOMESANDWORKTOGETHERTOSAFEGUARDTHETERRITORYOFTHEMOTHERLANDINTEGRITYANDUNITYINSHORT,OURCOUNTRYHASBEENAMULTIETHNICCOUNTRYSINCEANCIENTTIMES,INTHISCHINESENATIONINTHEGREATFAMILY,ALLETHNICGROUPSFORMEDA“HANNATIONALITY“INTHELONGHISTORICALDEVELOPMENTETHNICMINORITIESANDETHNICMINORITIESAREINSEPARABLEFROMTHEHANNATIONALITY,ANDETHNICMINORITIESAREINSEPARABLEFROMEACHOTHER“THENEW,SOLIDARITY,EQUALITYANDCOOPERATIONRELATIONSEDITORINCHIEFNINGNING,SHENSHENGRESEARCHONMETHODOLOGYOFPHYSICSEVOLUTIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFCLASSICALMECHANICSRESEARCHMETHODSHARVARDUNIVERSITYSCHOOLOFSCIENCE,SHENYANGUNIVERSITY,LIAONING,SHENYANG110044IINDUCTIONANDDEDUCTIONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFPHYSICSSHOWSTHATTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHETHEORYOFPHYSICSGENERALLYAPPEARSTOBE“FROM“ACOMBINATIONOFTWOFORMSOFREASONING,INDIVIDUALTOGENERALANDFROMGENERALTOINDIVIDUALFRUIT,WHICHISBASEDONEMPIRICALMATERIAL,INDUCESAXIOMATICTHINGS,ANDTHENDEDUCEINTOACOMPLETETHEORETICALSYSTEMDEDUCTIONANDINDUCTIONBELONGTOTHESTUDYOFPHYSICSMETHODEACHMETHODHASITSSHORTCOMINGS,ANDTHEWEAKNESSOFTHEINTERPRETATIONISTHATIFTHEPREMISESAREWRONG,THERESULTISWRONGTHEWEAKNESSOFTHEINDUCTIONISTHATTHECONCLUSIONISEASYTOBELIMITEDPROBABILITYINTHEHISTORYOFPHYSICS,INTHEEARLYSEVENTEENTHCENTURY,ITWASINANCIENTSCIENCEANDMODERNSCIENCEDURINGTHETURNINGPOINTBETWEENSCHOOLS,THISKINDOFPROBLEMISPARTICULARLYOBVIOUSFRANCISBACON,ENGLISHANOUTSTANDINGPHILOSOPHERINTHECOUNTRYHECREATIVELYCOMBINESTHECRAFTSMANTRADITIONWITHTHESCHOLARTRADITIONTOGETHERTHISCOMBINATIONISTHEREALUNIONOFEXPERIENCEANDREASON,ANDFROMWHICHITISCONSTRUCTEDTHESCIENTIFICMETHODOFUNDERSTANDINGNATUREBASEDONEXPERIENCEANDEXPERIMENTBACONISIN1620INTHEBOOK“NEWTOOLS“PUBLISHEDIN2002,EMPIRICALINDUCTIONWASMADEFROMALARGENUMBEROFINDIVIDUALCLASSICSAGENERALMETHODOFGENERALIZATIONINTHETESTMOREOVER,SUCHAGENERALIZATIONSHOULDBEMADEAPPROPRIATESTEPBYSTEP,FROMSPECIALEXAMPLES,LOWERAXIOMS,HIGHERAXIOMS,STEPBYSTEPRISETOTHEMOSTCOMMONAXIOMHESAID,“NEVERGIVEWINGSTOREASON,BUTRATHER“GIVEITSOMETHINGHEAVYSOTHATITCANTJUMPANDFLY“ANDMADEAPOSITIVETHEBASICSTEPSOFINDUCTIONAREBOUNDTOBELIMITEDBYTHECONCLUSIONSDRAWNINTHISWAYSEXUALEMPIRICALINDUCTIONISMERELYANIMPRECISE,PROBABILISTICREASONINGBACONSSIDETHETHEORYOFLAWISBASEDONMECHANICALANDEMPIRICALEPISTEMOLOGYANDEMPHASIZESUNDERSTANDINGPROGRESSIVEANDIGNORETHELEAP,EMPHASIZINGTHEINDUCTIONANDEXCLUSION,INTERPRETATIONISONESIDEDANDLIMITEDLENADESCARTES,ADISTINGUISHEDFRENCHMATHEMATICIANANDPHILOSOPHER,RAISEDDOUBTSTHEPRINCIPLEOF“ASTHESTARTINGPOINTOFTHECREATIONOFREALSCIENCE,THATMUSTBESUSPECTEDINCLUDINGSCHOLASTICPHILOSOPHYTHETHINGSTHATHAVEBEENLEARNEDASTRUTHINTHEPASTPUBLISHEDIN1637INMETHODOLOGY,HEEXPOUNDSHISTHEORYOFRATIONALISMHEBELIEVESTHATINTHEPROCESSOFUNDERSTANDINGITISNOTTHEEXPERIENCE,BUTTHETHEORETICALTHOUGHT,THEREASON,THATPLAYSAMAJORROLEREASONNOTONLYCOMPAREDWITHFEELINGANDPERCEPTION,ITISTHEHIGHESTSTAGEOFUNDERSTANDINGTHEWORLD,ANDITISALSOIMPOSSIBLEFORTHESENSESTHEDIRECTPERCEPTIONOFALLTHATKNOWLEDGEINDEPENDENTANDINDEPENDENTOFPERCEPTUALPERCEPTIONSTEPHENDESCARTESADMIREDTHEMATHEMATICALMETHODSDEVELOPEDINPHYSICS,WHICHHETHOUGHTWEREALLBRANCHESOFPHYSICSLEARNINGSHOULDBEDEVELOPEDINACCORDANCEWITHMATHEMATICS,ANDTHEORETICALTHINKINGASKNOWLEDGETHESTARTINGPOINT,WHICHISSELFEVIDENTFROMTHERATIONALINTUITION,DOESNOTREQUIREEXPERIENCEORLOGICGRAPHICPROOFINHISMETHODOLOGY,THEEXPERIMENTISMERELYATESTOFTHERESULTSOFTHETHEORYUSETHETWOSCIENTISTSAREUNIQUEINTHEIRRESEARCHMETHODS,BUTTHEYCANNOTBEFORMEDCOMPLETETHEORETICALSYSTEMBACONDOESNOTUNDERSTANDTHEROLEOFMATHEMATICSINSCIENTIFICMETHODSDESCARTESNEGLECTEDTHEFUNCTIONOFEXPERIMENTANDEXPERIENCE,ANDONLYPUTTHESETWOMETHODSANDEVENTHEMONLYBYCOMBININGSCIENTIFICMETHODSCANHEPROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFPHYSICSANDNATURALSCIENCETWOMODERNMETHODSOFPHYSICSGALILEOPIONEEREDMODERNEXPERIMENTSBASEDONEXPERIMENTSCOMBINEDWITHMATHEMATICSPHYSICSMETHODSTHISMETHODISFULLYEMBODIEDINHISSTUDYOFMECHANICSHEINHERITSANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHESTATICTHEORYESTABLISHEDBYARCHIMEDESETAL,ANDARISTOTLEGERMANSPORTSTHEORYWASTESTEDANDCRITICIZEDHEPUSHEDTHESTUDYOFDYNAMICSFIRSTFIRSTOFALL,FROMTHECELESTIALBODIES,MAINLYENGAGEDINQUALITATIVETELESCOPEOBSERVATIONRESEARCH,HECOMPAREDWITHTHETIMESTHEINFLUENCEOFANYONEELSEWASGREATER,WHENSKILLEDMATHEMATICIANSWEREABLETODOSOUNTIETHEPULLERSFOUNDTOADMITTHESOUNDNESSOFHELIOCENTRISM,GALILEOCANMAKEMOREPUBLICSEERELATIVELYSIMPLEPROOFANDWANTTOEXPLAINSUCHASYSTEMWHYISITNECESSARYTOSTUDYTHEOBJECTOFFREEMOTIONHEUSEDITFORTHREEYEARSTIMEHASBEENWRITTENINDIALOGUEONTWONEWBRANCHESOFMECHANICSANDLOCALMOTIONACADEMICTALKANDMATHEMATICALPROOFARISTOTLESTHEORYOFMOTIONINTHEEXPLORATIONMOVEMENTTHEMAINREASONISTHECONCEPTOFMATERIAL,FORM,PURPOSE,NATURALPOSITIONANDOTHERFUZZYCONCEPTS,MAKEACAUSALANDQUALITATIVEDESCRIPTIONOFMOVEMENT,ANDDIFFERENTIATEITINTONATURALMOVEMENTANDCOMPULSIONEXERCISEGALILEOBELIEVEDTHATARISTOTLEACTUALLYINTRODUCEDTHERESEARCHOFMOVEMENTINTOTHEHOPELESSSITUATION,THEPROBLEMISNOTHOWSPORTSHAPPEN,BUTHOWTHEYHAPPENGALILEOARISTOTLESMOVEMENTCLASSIFICATIONISNEGATED,ANDTHEBASICFEATURESOFMOVEMENTSHOULDBEPUTFORWARDTHESPEEDISUSEDTOCLASSIFYMOTIONUNIFORMMOTIONANDVARIABLESPEEDMOTIONAREPROPOSEDTHENEWCLASSIFICATIONMETHOD,WHICHISAMAJORADVANCEINTHETHEORYOFMOTIONGALILEOPOINTEDOUTTHAT,ASARISTOTLESTHEORYISCORRECT,THATIS,THESPEEDANDWEIGHTOFTHEOBJECTINDIRECTPROPORTION,THEWEIGHTWILLFALLFASTERTHANLIGHTOBJECTSTHENIMAGINEASIMPLEREALITYINSPECTIONTOCONNECTTWOOBJECTSOFDIFFERENTWEIGHTSANDSIZESTOFALLTOGETHER,BECAUSETHESPEEDOFFALLINGISNOTTHEYMUSTINTERACTWITHEACHOTHER,ANDTHEYWILLFALLATANINTERMEDIATESPEEDBUT,TWOTHINGSTOGETHER,OFCOURSE,THEBODYISHEAVIERTHANTHEHEAVIEROBJECT,ANDITSWHEREABOUTSTHEOBJECTOFSLOWSPEEDISSLOWER,THUSPROVINGARISTOTLESTHEORYTOBEFALSE。THEPARADOXISTHATTHEACCELERATIONOFAFREEFALLISINDEPENDENTOFTHEWEIGHTOFTHEOBJECTCANSOLVEGALILEOUSEDCREATIVELYWHENOBSERVINGANDSTUDYINGTHEMOTIONOFFALLINGBODIESMODERNMETHODSOFPHYSICSRESEARCHHEFIRSTASSUMEDTHATTHEMOTIONOFAFALLINGBODYISAUNIFORMLYACCELERATEDMOTIONTHEHYPOTHESISSTEMSFROMHISBELIEFTHATNATUREISALWAYSUSEDTOTHESIMPLESTANDMOSTTOLERANT“EASYMEANS“ACTIONHEDEFINEDAUNIFORMACCELERATIONOFFREEFALL,ITISBELIEVEDTHATTHEVELOCITYOFAFALLINGBODYISDIRECTLYPROPORTIONALTOTHEDISTANCETHATISPASSED,THATIS,UNIFORMLYACCELERATEDMOTIONISSPEEDTHEDEGREEOFMOTIONISPROPORTIONALTOTHEDISTANCETRAVELEDBUTHESOONDISCOVEREDTHATTHISDEFINITIONWOULDLEADTOTHELOGICALERRORNEGATESTHEABOVEDEFINITIONANDTURNSTOTHESECONDHYPOTHESIS,THATIS,SPEEDTHEACCELERATIONISDEFINEDBYTHESCALINGRELATIONBETWEENTHEINCREMENTSANDTHETIMETOBEUSEDGALILEOCLOSELYINTEGRATEDTHEACTUALEXPERIMENTWITHTHETHEORETICALTHINKINGANEWMETHODIDEALEXPERIMENTMETHOD,HASBEENDISCOVEREDBYUSINGTHISMETHODLAWOFINERTIATHISMETHODENABLESLOGICALREASONINGTOHAVEASOLIDEXPERIMENTALFOUNDATION,BOTHCHANGED166JOURNALOFTHEFIRSTLIAONINGEDUCATIONADMINISTRATIONCOLLEGEIN2010THESPECULATIVEMETHODOFPURELOGICALREASONINGINTHEPASTHASALSOOVERCOMETHEIMPORTANCEOFEXPERIENCEONESIDEDNESSOFTHELAWOFACCEPTANCEGALILEOPIONEEREDTHEEXACTMETHODSOFPHYSICS,INCLUDINGTHEOBSERVATIONOFNATURALPHENOMENAONTHEBASISOFOBSERVATION,THEHYPOTHESISISPUTFORWARD,ANDSPECIALPUSHISCARRIEDOUTBYMEANSOFMATHEMATICALLOGICTOTESTINFERENCESBYPHYSICALORIDEALEXPERIMENTS,CORRECTASSUMPTIONS,ANDEXTENSION。HEACTUALLYCOMBINESEXPERIMENTSWITHLOGICMATHEMATICS,THUSPOWERFULLYANDPROMOTEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHUMANSCIENTIFICCOGNITIONTHISMETHODISTHEMODERNNATURALSCIENCETHEMETHODSREQUIREDFORMODERNPHYSICSINCLUDETHEABSENCEOFEXPERIMENTSANDMATHEMATICSCOMBINEDWITHMODERNSCIENTIFICMETHODS,THEREWILLBENOMODERNNATURALSCIENCEANDMODERNTHINGSNEOCONFUCIANISMEINSTEININFELDIN“THEEVOLUTIONOFPHYSICS“FULLYAFFIRMEDGALILEOSGREATCONTRIBUTION“THEDEVELOPMENTOFGALILEOANDTHESCIENTIFICPUSHHEUSES“THEMETHODOLOGYISONEOFTHEGREATESTACHIEVEMENTSINTHEHISTORYOFHUMANTHOUGHT,ANDITMARKSPHYSICSTHEREALBEGINNINGOFLEARNING“GALILEOSDISCOVERYOFTHEBASICPRINCIPLESOFDYNAMICSANDTHECREATIONOFMODERNPHYSICSTHELAWHASMADEASIGNIFICANTCONTRIBUTIONTOTHEFOUNDATIONBUTREALLYCOMPLETETHECREATIONOFNEWPHYSICSTHEGREATMISSIONOFTHETHEORETICALSYSTEMWASBRITISHPHYSICISTNEWTONESTABLISHEDBYNEWTONCLASSICALMECHANICSMARKEDTHEBIRTHOFMODERNPHYSICS,ANDINTHEPROCESSHERETURNEDMODERNPHYSICSMETHODSWEREDEVELOPEDTHREE,THEDEVELOPMENTOFMODERNPHYSICSMETHODSSINCESEVENTEENTHCENTURY,SCIENTISTSHAVEATTEMPTEDTOINTERPRETCELESTIALMOTIONFROMAKINETICPOINTOFVIEWWEIWILLIAMGILBERTGUESSEDFROMTHEMAGNETICSPHERETHATALLTHEHEAVENLYBODIESOFTHESOLARSYSTEMWEREMAGNETICALINETHATHOLDSTOGETHERBRIEADE,AFRENCHASTRONOMER,PROPOSEDONEIN1645HYPOTHESISTHEFORCEEMITTEDFROMTHESOLARSYSTEMISINVERSELYPROPORTIONALTOTHESQUAREOFTHEDISTANCEFROMTHESUNTHANDESCARTESPUTFORWARD“WHIRLPOOL“INTHEBOOKOFPHILOSOPHYPRINCIPLEPUBLISHEDIN1644“HYPOTHESIS,NEWTONACCEPTEDANDEVENTUALLYBROKETHROUGHTHEHYPOTHESISANDESTABLISHEDSCIENTIFICGRAVITYLEARNNEWTONENGAGEDINTHESTUDYOFCLASSICALMECHANICS,INCLUDINGEXPERIMENTALINDUCTIONANDMATHEMATICALMODELINGASABASICMETHODOFDEDUCTIVEMETHODTOEXPLORETHELAWSOFNATURENEWTONATTACHESGREATIMPORTANCETOTHEEXPERIMENT,BUTNOTINTHEACTUALEXPERIENCEGAINED,BUTRATHERFROMGENERALINDUCTIONALARGENUMBEROFEMPIRICALFACTSDERIVEPROPOSITIONSANDCONCLUSIONSANDSEEKTHELAWSOFNATURENEWTONWASRECOGNIZEDAS“EMPIRICALINDUCTIVE“THISISRELATEDTOHISVIEWOFNATURE,WHICHHETHINKS“INNATURE“THESAMEKINDOFRESULTMUSTBEATTRIBUTEDTOTHESAMEREASONASMUCHASPOSSIBLE“PROPERTIESOFOBJECTS,WHERENEITHERCANNORCANBEWEAKENED,ITISWITHINTHEBOUNDSOFWHATWECANDOTHEOBJECTOFALLOBJECTSSHOULDBEREGARDEDASTHEUNIVERSALATTRIBUTEOFALLOBJECTS“INREALITYINPHILOSOPHYOFPHILOSOPHY,WEMUSTDERIVEFROMGENERALINDUCTIONFROMVARIOUSPHENOMENAAPROPOSITIONREGARDEDASCORRECTORVERYCLOSETOTHERIGHTONE“INNIUDUNJIANINTHECOURSEOFTHETHREELAWSOFMOTION,HEISSEENTOBEFREEFROMALARGENUMBEROFEXPERIMENTALFACTSUSINGGENERALINDUCTIVEMETHODSTODRAWCONCLUSIONSNEWTONFOUNDEDTHEMATHEMATICALDEDUCTIVEMETHOD,GREATPROGRESSINDEDUCTIVEMETHODSTAKETHECONCLUSIONDRAWNFROMTHEEXPERIMENTALFACTSASANUMBERLEARNTHEBASISOFDEDUCTION,ANDTHENCHOOSETODRAWFURTHERCONCLUSIONSHESTRESSEDTHEIMPORTANCEOFSERVINGASASELFINPHILOSOPHY,THESTARTINGPOINTOFMATHEMATICALDEDUCTIONSHOULDBETHEOBSERVEDEFFECTANDTHEMECHANICALMOVEMENTTHELAWSOFINFACT,INTHEHISTORYOFPHYSICSANDEVENTHEWHOLEHISTORYOFNATURALSCIENCENEWTONWASTHEFIRSTTOUSEMATHEMATICALMETHODSTOSYSTEMATICALLYSORTOUTPHYSICALTHEORIESNEOCONFUCIANMODERNPHYSICSISMOREMATUREANDMOREADVANCEDTHANANYOTHERNATURALSCIENCECOMEON,THATSANIMPORTANTREASONITWASGALILEOANDNEWTONWHOINTRODUCEDMATHEMATICALMETHODSPHYSICSHASENABLEDTHISSCIENCETOGOFROMQUALITATIVEDESCRIPTIONTOQUANTITATIVEANALYSISANDCALCULATIONNEWTONINVENTEDCALCULUSANDINTRODUCEDTHISMATHEMATICALMETHODTOPHYSICSPROMOTEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFPHYSICS,ESPECIALLYMECHANICSHESUMMEDUPUSINGCALCULUSTHEEQUATIONOFMOTION,THATIS,THESECONDLAW,ISAFUNCTIONALRELATIONEXPRESSEDINDIFFERENTIALFORMNEWTONSMASTERPIECE“THEMATHEMATICALPRINCIPLESOFNATURALPHILOSOPHY“ISACLASSICOFMECHANICSITISASIGNOFTHEESTABLISHMENTOFCLASSICALMECHANICALSYSTEMTHESYSTEMISCONSTRUCTEDFROMANUMBEROFMETHODSAXIOMATICAPPROACHTOLEARNINGTHESOCALLEDAXIOMATICAPPROACHISFROMASLITTLEASPOSSIBLEBASEDONTHEBASICCONCEPTS,AXIOMSORPOSTULATES,ADEDUCTIVEINFERENCERULEISUSEDTODERIVEASERIESOFPROPOSITIONSANDTHEOREMSADEDUCTIVESYSTEMOFLOGICDERIVEDFROMAXIOMATICMETHODSAXIOMATICSYSTEMABOUT300BC,EUCLIDSGEOMETRYORIGINALLYWASTHEFIRSTCLASSICALAXIOMATICSYSTEMALSOPROVIDESATHEORETICALFRAMEWORKFORTHENATURALSCIENCESTHEBASICMODEL“NEWTONSINFLUENCEEXTENDSEVENMORETHANHISSYSTEM,“BERNARDSAIDLONGER“NEWTONSVIEWOFNATUREANDTHELIMITATIONSOFTHEORYUNTILTHEEINSTEINERANORISITFULLYUNDERSTOODHEHIMSELFANDHISTEACHINGSWERESOLARGEONEIMPORTANTREASONFORTHEPRESTIGEANDINFLUENCEISTHATTHEMETHODHEEMPLOYSISRELIABLEBAER“NEWTONSWORKITSELFISTHEESSENCEOFACENTURYOFEXPERIMENTSANDCALCULATIONS,“HESAYSARELIABLEMETHODHASBEENDEVELOPEDTOALLOWFUTUREGENERATIONSOFSCIENTISTSTOUSEITSAFELY“EDITORINCHIEFNINGNING,SHENSHENGMODERNINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYAPPLICATIONINTHETEACHINGOFPUBLICPSYCHOLOGYYANYANDEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION,HENANINSTITUTEOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,HENAN,XINXIANG453003MODERNINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY,ASTHEBASISANDCOREOFMODERNSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYREVOLUTION,HASSEEPEDHAVINGPENETRATEDINTOEVERYFIELDOFSOCIETY,ITHASEXERTEDAGREATINFLUENCEONTHECONTEMPORARYSOCIETYANDHASGREATLYCHANGEDITTHEWAYWEWORK,THEWAYWELEARN,ANDTHEWAYWETHINKWILLLEADTOFURTHERPROMOTIONGREATPROGRESSINHUMANSOCIETYMODERNINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYISBASEDONCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYOFTHEINTEGRATEDTECHNOLOGY,THEMINISTRYOFEDUCATIONEMPHASIZESTHEINTEGRATIONOFBOTH,MOREREFERSTOCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYINTHEDISCIPLINETEACHINGAPPLICATION,NAMELYTHECOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYANDTHERESOURCESAREORGANICANDTHEDISCIPLINETEACHINGCOMESTOGETHERPUBLICPSYCHOLOGYISTHEBASICCOURSEOFPSYCHOLOGYFORNORMALCOLLEGESTUDENTSATTHESAMETIME,ITISALSOANAPPLIEDDISCIPLINEWITHSTRONGPRACTICETHEMINISTRYOFEDUCATIONPROMOTESTHEINTEGRATIONOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYANDSUBJECTCURRICULUM,THEAUTHORISALSOINTEACHINGPRACTICE,INPARTICULARITISTHEVALUEOFTHISIDEAINTHEPRACTICEOFPSYCHOLOGYTEACHINGICHARACTERISTICSANDTEACHINGSITUATIONOFPUBLICPSYC