太阳能建筑

太阳能建筑总示意图今天，太阳能建筑被业界认为是现代建筑的发展趋势。太阳能建筑是指用太阳能代替部分常规能源为建筑物提供采暖、热水、空调、照明、通风、动力等一系列功能，以满足（或部分满足）人们生活和生产需要的建筑。TODAY,THESOLARBUILDINGSTHINKSTHATTHEBUILDINGWASMODERNARCHITECTURETRENDSSOLARBUILDINGREFERSTOTHESOLARENERGYTOREPLACEPARTOFCONVENTIONALENERGYSOURCESFORBUILDINGSTOPROVIDEHEATING,HOTWATER,AIRCONDITIONING,LIGHTING,VENTILATION,POWERANDASERIESOFFUNCTIONSINORDERTOSATISFYORPARTIALLYSATISFYTHENEEDSOFPEOPLESLIVESANDPRODUCTIONBUILDINGS太阳能光伏组件SOLARPVMODULES并网逆变器GRIDCONNECTEDINVERTER太阳能热水系统控制中心SOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEMCONTROLCENTER热泵机组HEATPUMP太阳能路灯SOLARENERGYSTREETLIGHT太阳能集热器SOLARCOLLECTOR地板采暖系统FLOORHEATINGSYSTEM太阳能草坪灯SOLARLAWNLIGHT太阳能热水箱SOLARHOTWATERTANK采暖HEATING示意图利用太阳能热水系统，采用地暖盘管循环加热技术，可使房间温度常年保持在16以上。USINGTHESOLARENERGYHOTWATERSYSTEM,USESTHEWARMSERPENTINEDHYDRONICHEATINGTECHNOLOGY,MAYCAUSETHEROOMTEMPERATUREYEARTOYEARMAINTAINSAT16ABOVE在太阳能资源中等辐射地区（5055KWH/DAY），可节约常规能源5070。INTHESOLARENERGYRESOURCESMEDIUMRADIATIONAREA5055KWH/DAY,MAYSAVETHECONVENTIONALENERGY5070太阳能热水箱SOLARHOTWATERTANK水泵WATERPUMP分集水器WATERDISTRIBUTIONINSTALLATIONS热泵机组HEATPUMP太阳能集热器SOLARCOLLECTOR地暖盘管FLOORHEATINGCOIL控制器CONTROLLER提供生活热水TOPROVIDEDOMESTICHOTWATER在世界大多数地区，采用太阳能热水系统提供生活热水，每年可节约常规能源70以上INTHEWORLDMAJORITYAREAS,USESTHESOLARENERGYHOTWATERSYSTEMTOPROVIDETHELIFEHOTWATER,EVERYYEARMAYSAVETHECONVENTIONALENERGYSOURCEABOVE701、自然循环1NATURALCIRCULATION示意图如果房屋结构恰好符合要求，可以采用自然循环系统，投资较省IFTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTUREMEETSTHEREQUIREMENTEXACTLY,MAYUSETHENATURALCIRCULATIONSYSTEM,THEINVESTMENTSAVES太阳能热水箱SOLARHOTWATERTANK太阳能集热器SOLARCOLLECTOR用户用水点USERSOFWATERPOINT2、分体式强制循环FISSIONTYPEPUMPCIRCULATION示意图如果房屋结构限制，可采用分体式强制循环系统，需要增加水泵和控制系统IFTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTURELIMIT,MAYUSETHEFISSIONTYPEPUMPCIRCULATIONSYSTEM,NEEDSTOINCREASETHEWATERPUMPANDTHECONTROLSYSTEM控制器地源热泵GROUNDSOURCEHEATPUMP示意图地源热泵技术，实际上是间接利用太阳能的技术。GROUNDSOURCEHEATPUMPTECHNOLOGY,ISACTUALLYINDIRECTUSEOFSOLARENERGYTECHNOLOGY采用地源热泵技术，可以同时满足冬季采暖和夏季制冷的需求，比常规空调节约能源3045。USEOFGROUNDSOURCEHEATPUMPTECHNOLOGYCANMEETWINTERHEATINGANDSUMMERCOOLINGDEMAND,SAVINGENERGYTHANCONVENTIONALAIRCONDITIONER30TO45地表水系统SURFACEWATERSYSTEMS地表水盘管SURFACEWATERCOIL河、湖水循环利用RIVER,LAKEWATERCIRCULATIONUSE地下水系统GROUNDWATERSYSTEM水井取水排入池塘WELLWATERINTOTHEPOND水井取水WATERFROMWELLS回灌RETURNSIRRIGATES土壤埋盘管（闭路系统）SOILBURIEDCOIL（CLOSEDLOOPSYSTEM）垂直埋盘管VERTICALBURIEDCOIL螺旋盘管SPIRALCOIL水平埋盘管THELEVELOFBURIEDCOI光伏发电PV示意图随着技术的进步，光伏发电的成本已越来越低。在世界上很多国家的政府，对光伏发电项目都提供补贴。ASTECHNOLOGYADVANCES,PHOTOVOLTAICPOWERGENERATIONCOSTSHAVEBEENGETTINGLOWERANDLOWERINMANYCOUNTRIES,GOVERNMENT,PROVIDESUBSIDIESFORPHOTOVOLTAICPOWERGENERATIONPROJECT一个普通的家庭别墅，如果安装了光伏发电系统，所发出的电能可满足部分或者全部的电力需要。见下表。ANORDINARYFAMILYVILLA,IFINSTALLEDTHEPHOTOVOLTAICPOWERGENERATINGSYSTEM,SENTOUTTHEELECTRICALENERGYMIGHTSATISFYPARTIALORTHECOMPLETEPOWERREQUIREMENTSEESTHENEXTTABLE系统功率KWSYSTEMPOWER可满足电力需求MAYMEETTHEELECTRICPOWERNEED费用投入估算EXPENSEINVESTMENTESTIMATE每年节约公共电网电费EVERYYEARSAVESTHEPUBLICELECTRICALGRIDELECTRICALBILL12040002502408000500360120007504801600010005100200001250室外太阳能庭院灯SOLARENERGYGARDENLAMP示意图太阳能草坪灯SOLARENERGYLAWNLAMP示意图太阳能光伏组件，将太阳能转化为电能SOLARPVMODULES,THESOLARENERGYINTOELECTRICITY智能电表，把剩余的电能出售给别的用户SMARTMETERS,THESURPLUSELECTRICITYSOLDTOOTHERUS