已阅读5页，还剩201页未读， 继续免费阅读
版权说明：本文档由用户提供并上传，收益归属内容提供方，若内容存在侵权，请进行举报或认领
文档简介
REGIONSFORECONOMICCHANGEPILOTFASTTRACKNETWORKSMILEMANAGINGMIGRATIONANDINTEGRATIONATLOCALLEVELCITIESANDREGIONSENDOFPHASEIFINALREPORTBRUSSELS,OCTOBER2007INDEXIOVERVIEWPOLICYCONTEXTAIMS,OBJECTIVESANDTHEEXPECTEDRESULTSPROJECTPARTNERSBUDGETAGREEDACTIONPLANIIEUROPEANANDLOCALMAPPINGINTRODUCTIONEUROPEANOVERVIEWIKEYDRIVERSANDTRENDSINEUIMMIGRATIONANDINTEGRATIONIIEUPOLICYDEVELOPMENT,CURRENTSITUATIONANDFUTUREPERSPECTIVESLOCALOVERVIEWSIVENICEIIROTTERDAMIIIVANTAAIVTURINVTIMISOARAVIKOMOTINIVIISEVILLEVIIIAMADORAIXNEAALIKARNASSOSIIICONCLUSIONSANDANALYSISIVANNEXESIOVERVIEWPOLICYCONTEXTTHISPROJECTSEEKSTOESTABLISHATHEMATICNETWORKOF10CITIESAND10REGIONSWHICHISBASEDONTHENEEDTODEVELOPANINTEGRATEDEXCHANGEPROGRAMMERELATINGTOTHETHEMEOF“MANAGINGMIGRATIONANDINTEGRATIONINCITIESANDREGIONS”THEPROJECTISAPILOTFORTHENEWLYLAUNCHED“REGIONSFORECONOMICCHANGE”RECPROGRAMME“REGIONSFORECONOMICCHANGEISANEWPROACTIVEPOLICYTOOLOFFEREDTOMEMBERSTATES,REGIONSANDCITIESTOHELPTHEMIMPLEMENTTHERENEWEDLISBONAGENDATHROUGHACTIONSAIMEDATECONOMICMODERNISATIONITAIMSTODRAWONTHEEXPERIENCEANDBESTPRACTICEOFHIGHPERFORMINGREGIONSANDTOTRANSFERTHISTOREGIONSWISHINGTOIMPROVEMOREOVERITAIMSTOLINKTHISEXCHANGEOFBESTPRACTICEMORESOLIDLYTOTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHECONVERGENCEANDCOMPETITIVENESSPROGRAMMESPOLICYCONTEXTTHEREAREANUMBEROFCONTEXTUALFACTORSRELATINGTOTHETHEMETHATUNDERPINTHISPROPOSALUNTILRECENTLY,MOSTMIGRATIONINEUROPEWASEITHERLOCALASWORKERSMOVEDFROMTHESOUTHERNMEDITERRANEANSTATESTONORTHWESTERNEUROPEORWASLINKEDTOTHECOLONIALHISTORYOFFORMEREUROPEANEMPIRESEXAMPLESINCLUDETHEMIGRATIONTOTHEUKFROMTHECARIBBEANANDSOUTHASIA,ANDTHEMOVEMENTOFPEOPLEFROMNORTHANDFRANCOPHONEAFRICANSTATESTOFRANCEANDBELGIUMHOWEVER,MANYEU15COUNTRIESSUCHASSPAIN,PORTUGALANDGREECEREMAINEDCOUNTRIESOFEMIGRATION,ANDTHELASTCOUNTRYTOMOVEFROMEMIGRATIONTONETIMMIGRATIONWASIRELANDIN1996SINCETHEFALLOFTHEBERLINWALL,MANYOFTHENEWEUMEMBERSTATESHAVEALSOTHEMSELVESBEENEXPERIENCINGINWARDFLOWSOFMIGRANTS,FROMBOTHEASTANDWESTMIGRATIONFLOWSINEUROPEHAVECHANGEDINSEVERALWAYSOVERTHEPASTTHREEDECADESFIRST,THEREHASBEENANINCREASEININTRAEUMOBILITYTHECREATIONOFANAREAOFFREEMOVEMENTWITHINTHEUNIONHASDEREGULATEDMIGRATIONWITHINTHEEU15ANDSEPARATEDDISCUSSIONSONTHISTYPEOFMOBILITYFROMTHELARGER,MORECONTENTIOUS,NATIONALIMMIGRATIONDEBATESSECOND,THEREHASBEENARAPIDINCREASEINTHEDIVERSITYOFMIGRANTSASARESULTOFAMOREINTERCONNECTEDWORLD,YETWITHCONTINUINGECONOMICDISPARITIESATTHEINTERREGIONALLEVEL,MOSTMIGRATIONFLOWSAREFROMDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESINASIAANDAFRICATOINDUSTRIALISEDCOUNTRIES,PARTICULARLYINEUROPECURRENTLY,NONEUNATIONALSMAKEUPATLEAST4OFTHEEU15POPULATIONTHEINCREASEINTHENUMBEROFSENDINGCOUNTRIESHASRESULTEDINANEWSUPERDIVERSITYINEUROPE,WITHMANYDISPARATECOMMUNITIESCOMPOSEDOFSMALLGROUPSOFMANYDIFFERENTNATIONALITIESTHISPOSESNEWCHALLENGESFORINTEGRATIONINADDITIONTODEALINGWITHMOREESTABLISHEDCOMMUNITIESOFSECONDANDTHIRDGENERATIONMIGRANTS,POLICYMAKERSMUSTDEVISEWAYSTOINTEGRATESMALLERANDSOMETIMESMOREFRAGMENTEDCOMMUNITIESOFNEWCOMERSFINALLY,THEFLOWOFMIGRANTSHASBECOMEMORECOMPLEX,BOTHINTERMSOFTHEIRMOVEMENTSANDTHEIRLEGALSTATUSRETURNANDCIRCULARMIGRATIONHAVEBECOMEMORECOMMONPLACE,WITHCHEAPERTRAVELANDCOMMUNICATIONSENCOURAGINGGREATERMOBILITYANINCREASINGPROPORTIONOFTHEMIGRANTPOPULATIONISTRANSNATIONAL,WORKINGINONECOUNTRYWHILEMAINTAININGAFAMILYANDSOCIALLIFEINANOTHERSIMILARLY,THESUCCESSFULINTEGRATIONOFTHIRDCOUNTRYNATIONALSISAKEYCOMPONENTOFACHIEVINGTHEOVERALLLISBONOBJECTIVESINTERMSOFEMPLOYMENT,ENTERPRISEANDSOCIALCOHESIONINDEED,THELABOURMARKETNEEDSOFTHEEUECONOMYCANONLYBEADDRESSEDWITHGREATERIMMIGRATIONANDTHUSTHENEEDFORAMOREEFFECTIVEWAYOFENSURINGTHEINTEGRATIONOFTHIRDCOUNTRYNATIONALSTHECONSENSUSTHATEMERGESFROMPRACTICEANDPOLICYISTHATTHEREISANEEDFORAHOLISTICAPPROACHTHISSAMEPERSPECTIVEWASECHOEDINTHEDECISIONOFTHEJUSTICEANDHOMEAFFAIRSCOUNCILIN2004TOADOPTASERIESOF9COMMONBASICPRINCIPLESCBPSTOUNDERPINACOHERENTEUROPEANFRAMEWORKONINTEGRATIONOFTHIRDCOUNTRYNATIONALSAIMS,OBJECTIVESANDEXPECTEDRESULTSGIVENTHEABOVECONTEXTUALBACKGROUND,THISPROJECTHASTHEOVERALLAIMOFASSISTINGCITIESANDREGIONSMANAGINGAUTHORITIESTOAGREEAPROGRAMMEOFACTIONTOPRESENTFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONPHASEOFTHEFTNPROPOSALTHEPILOTWILLBUILDSINCETHEVERYBEGINNINGANETWORKOF10PARTNERS,ANDWILLHAVETHEOVERALLAIMOFFACILITATINGTRANSFEROFACTIONS/IDEASWHICHACTIVELYADDRESSANDIMPROVEPRACTICEINRELATIONTOTHEISSUESOFMIGRATIONANDINTEGRATIONWITHINTHEIRREGIONALOPERATIONALPROGRAMMESTOREALISETHISOVERALLAIMTHEPREPARATORY6MONTHPHASEHADTHEFOLLOWINGOBJECTIVES1EXTENDPARTNERSHIPINORDERTOINCORPORATE5ADDITIONALPARTNERS2PRODUCETHEEUROPEANANDLOCALMAPPINGOFREALITIESANDNEEDSINTHEFIELDOFINTEGRATION3CONDUCTANALYSISOFTHEPRODUCEDMAPPINGS4DEVELOPPHASEIIPROPOSAL5COMPLETECONTRACTUALREQUIREMENTSOFTHEPROJECTPROJECTPARTNERSTHEPARTNERSHIPBRINGSTOGETHER10CITIESANDTHEIRMANAGINGAUTHORITIES,COVERING10EUROPEANCOUNTRIESFROMCOMPETETIVENESSANDCONVERGENCEREGIONSPARTNERCOUNTRYMANAGINGAUTHORITY1CITYOFVENICELEADPARTNERITALYVENETOREGION2DISTRICTOFROTTERDAMCHARLOISNETHERLANDSCITYOFROTTERDAM3CITYOFVANTAAFINLANDUUDENMAANTEKESKUSEMPLOYMENTANDECONOMICDEVELOPMENTCENTREFORUUSIMA4CITYOFTURINITALYPIEDMONTREGION5CITYOFTIMISOARAROUMANIAGENERALDIRECTORATEMANAGINGAUTHORITYFORREGIONALOPERATIONALPORGRAMME,MINISTRYOFDEVELOPMENT,PUBLICWORKSANDHOUSING6CITYOFKOMOTINIGREECEMANAGINGAUTHORITYFORREGIONALOPERATIONALPROGRAMMEFOREASTERNMACEDONIAANDTRACE7CITYOFSEVILLASPAINDIRECCIONGENERALDEFOMENTODELEMPLEODELACONSEJERIADEEMPLEODELAJUNTADEANDALUCIA8CITYOFAMADORAPORTUGALMANAGINGAUTHORITYWAITINGTOBEAPPOINTED9MUNICIPALITYOFNEAALIKARNASSOSGREECEREGIONOFCRETE10CITYOFHERRERADELOSNAVARROSSPAINGOVERNMENTOFARAGONBUDGETBUDGETLINEWORKPROGRAMMEACTIVITIESNOOFUNITSRATE/UNITCOST1PROJECTCOORDINATIONLUMPSUMORPROJECTCOORDINATION1114600,004600,00SUBTOTAL14600,002PERSONNELINCLOVERHEADCOSTMANDAYSOVERALLMANAGER112500,001000,00OVERALLMANAGER122500,001000,00OVERALLMANAGER212500,001000,00OVERALLMANAGER314500,002000,00OVERALLMANAGER322500,001000,00OVERALLMANAGER412500,001000,00OVERALLMANAGER512500,001000,00OVERALLMANAGER524500,002000,00ADMINISTRATIVEANDFINANCIALOFFICER315100,00500,00ADMINISTRATIVEANDFINANCIALOFFICER3220100,002000,00ADMINISTRATIVEANDFINANCIALOFFICER5120100,002000,00ADMINISTRATIVEANDFINANCIALOFFICER525100,00500,00COMMUNICATIONOFFICER215100,00500,00COMMUNICATIONOFFICER3220100,002000,00COMMUNICATIONOFFICER5120100,002000,00COMMUNICATIONOFFICER525100,00500,00NETWORKCOORDINATOR115100,00500,00NETWORKCOORDINATOR1220100,002000,00NETWORKCOORDINATOR3120100,002000,00NETWORKCOORDINATOR415100,00500,00SUBTOTAL225000,003MEETINGS,CONFERENCES,SEMINARSLUMPSUMBYEVENTFIRSTSTEERINGGROUPMEETING3222130,002860,00SECONDSTEERINGGROUPMEETING5122130,002860,00INTERPRETATION3213520,003520,00INTERPRETATION5113520,003520,00SUBTOTAL312760,004TRAVELANDACCOMMODATIONEGFLIGHTS,TRAINFARESALLOWANCESFIRSTSTEERINGGROUPMEETING3220700,0014000,00SECONDSTEERINGGROUPMEETING5120700,0014000,00SUBTOTAL428000,005PROMOTIONANDPUBLICATIONSLOCALCOORDINATORSCOPE,TRENDSANDISSUESREPORTS3192500,0022500,00SUBTOTAL522500,00TOTAL1TO592860,00AGREEDACTIONPLANACTIONWHODEADLINEESTABLISHINITIALPARTNERSHIPVENICEWITHSUPPORTOFPOTENTIALPARTNERSMAY2007WRITEDECLARATIONOFINTERESTFORMANDSUBMITVENICEWITHSUPPORTOFPOTENTIALPARTNERSMAY2007SECUREPARTICIPATIONOFFIVEADDITIONALPARTNERSVENICEWITHSUPPORTOFPOTENTIALPARTNERSJUNE2007PREPAREANDAGREETEMPLATEFORLOCALSCOPINGREPORTSTHEMATICEXPERTSANDALLPARTNERSJUNE2007HOLDFIRSTSTEERINGGROUPMEETINGALLPARTNERSJUNE2007RECRUITMENTOFEXPERTTOCONDUCTLOCALMAPPINGOFPRIORITYNEEDSANDISSUESALLPARTNERSJUNE2007FIRSTDRAFTOFLOCALMAPPINGTOBESENTTOCITYOFVENICEANDTHEMATICEXPERTALLPARTNERS13JULY2007FEEDBACKONTHEDRAFTMAPPINGREPORTBYTHEMATICEXPERTTHEMATICEXPERT20JULY2007REVISEDVERSIONOFMAPPINGREPORTSTOBESENTTOCITYOFVENICEANDTHEMATICEXPERTALLPARTNERS31JULY2007SECONDFEEDBACKONTHEREVISEDVERSIONOFMAPPINGREPORTBYTHEMATICEXPERTTHEMATICEXPERT06AUG2007FINALVERSIONLOCALMAPPINGREPORTSTOBESENTTOCITYOFVENICEANDTHEMATICEXPERTSALLPARTNERS07SEPT2007DEVELOPMENTOFACOMMONMETHODOLOGICALFRAMEWORKANDDEFINITIONOFOUTPUTSANDACTIVITIESOFPHASE2ALLPARTNERSOCT2007FINALISATIONOFAFORMATOFLOCALACTIONPLANFORPHASE2VENICEWITHINPUTFROMPARTNERSOCTOBER2007HOLDSECONDSTEERINGGROUPMEETINGALLPARTNERSOCTOBER2007IIEUROPEANANDLOCALMAPPINGINTRODUCTIONAMAPPINGEXERCISEHASBEENUNDERTAKENBOTHATEUROPEANUNIONLEVELANDCITY/REGIONALLEVELTHEMAPPINGOFMAINPOLICYANDDEBATESINRELATIONTOIMMIGRATIONANDINTEGRATIONATTHEEUROPEANUNIONLEVELWASAIMEDATPROVIDINGPARTNERSWITHABRIEFOVERVIEWOFWHYTHEISSUESOFIMMIGRATIONINTEGRATIONHAVEMOVEDHIGHERUPTOTHEEUAGENDAANDWITHANOVERVIEWOFPOLICYDEVELOPMENT,TRENDSANDCURRENTDEBATESINRELATIONTOIMMIGRATIONANDINTEGRATIONTHEFOLLOWINGEUANDINDEPENDENTSOURCESWEREUSEDSTATEOFEUROPEANCITIESREPORTMAY2007ANNUALPOLICYSTRATEGYFOR2008INTEGRATIONINTODAYSMOBILEWORLDPOLICYBRIEFBYINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORMIGRATIONJUNE2006COMMUNICATIONFROMTHECOMMISSIONCOM2005389FINALESTABLISHINGACOMMONAGENDAFORTHEINTEGRATIONOFTHETHIRDCOUNTRIESNATIONALSTOWARDSAPROACTIVEIMMIGRATIONPOLICYFORTHEEUWORKINGDOCUMENTOFTHECENTREFOREUROPEANPOLICYSTUDIESDECEMBER2003ACOMPARISONOFINTEGRATIONPROGRAMMESINTHEEUBYSERGIOCARRERACHALLENGEPAPERS,MARCH2006“INTEGRATION”ASAPROCESSOFINCLUSIONFORMIGRANTSWORKINGDOCUMENTOFTHECENTREFOREUROPEANPOLICYSTUDIESMARCH2005BREAKOUTSTRATEGIESFORETHNICENTREPRENEURBYDGENTERPRISEANDINDUSTRYJOINTREPORTONSOCIALINCLUSIONCOUNCILOFEUFEBRUARY2007ATCITY/REGIONALLEVEL,INORDERTOASSESSTHECURRENTSITUATIONFACINGEACHCITY/REGION,PARTNERSAGREEDTOUNDERTAKEAMAPPINGOFLOCALSERVICESANDPRIORITYNEEDSINRELATIONTOTHEFOURSUBTHEMESIDENTIFIEDBYTHEPROJECTENTERPRISEDEVELOPMENTFORETHNICMINORITIESTHISINCLUDESFINANCIALANDNONFINANCIALBUSINESSSUPPORT,MEASURESTOACCESSMARKETANDENTREPRENEURSHIPCULTUREACTIVEINCLUSIONINTHELABOURMARKET,WITHPARTICULARFOCUSONYOUNGADULTSSINGLEPARENTSANDROMACULTURALDIVERSITYTHEECONOMICANDSOCIALCOHESIONPOTENTIALINRELATIONTOCULTURALDIVERSITYINREGENERATIONPROGRAMMES,ANDACTIONSTARGETEDATSUPPORTING/DEVELOPINGINTERCULTURALDIALOGUEACCESSTOEDUCATION,HEALTHANDHOUSINGSERVICESTHELOCALMAPPINGFOCUSEDON1KEYTRENDSANDISSUESATREGIONAL/CITYLEVELONMIGRATIONANDINTEGRATIONSUPPORTEDBYFIGURESANDBREAKDOWNBYGENDER,AGEANDETHNICITY/NATIONALITYOFTHEMIGRANTPOPULATION2REVIEWOFCURRENTACTIONS/SERVICESPROVIDEDANDTHERESULTSOBTAINEDSOFAR3DEFINITIONOFPRIORITYNEEDSTHATARENOTCOVEREDBYTHESERVICESPROVIDEDGAPSINTERMSOFPARTICULARTYPESOFSERVICESTODOTHISANAGREEDTEMPLATEANNEXE1WASPRODUCEDANDEACHPARTNERAPPOINTEDALOCALEXPERTTOCONDUCTTHEMAPPINGEXERCISEANDPRODUCEAREPORTFORWHICHTHEYRECEIVEDFEEDBACKFROMTHETHEMATICEXPERTUNTILAFINALVERSIONHASBEENCOMPLETEDANNEXE2THERESULTSOFTHELOCALMAPPINGSWEREPRESENTEDBYTHEEXPERTSATTHESECONDSTEERINGGROUPMEETINGINSEPTEMBER2007THEMAPPINGEXERCISEWASANOPPORTUNITYFORCITIESANDMANAGINGAUTHORITIESTOWORKTOGETHEREUROPEANPERSPECTIVESTHEINTEGRATIONOFIMMIGRANTSATTHELOCALLEVELISATOPICOFSIGNIFICANTINTERESTFOREUMEMBERSTATESTHEGROWINGIMPORTANCEOFTHEKNOWLEDGEECONOMYMEANSTHATTHEBATTLEFORTALENTISBECOMINGASIMPORTANTASTHEBATTLEFORINWARDINVESTMENT,ANDSKILLEDMIGRANTSCANOFFERASIGNIFICANTCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGETOLOCALLABOURMARKETS,ASLONGASTHEIRPOTENTIALISHARNESSEDUNSKILLEDMIGRANTSAREALSOINDEMAND,PARTICULARLYWHERERISINGLIVINGCOSTSMAKELOWERPAIDJOBSUNATTRACTIVETOTHENATIVEPOPULATION,ANDWHEREDEMOGRAPHICCHANGEANDPOPULATIONMOVEMENTCOMBINETOREDUCETHESELFSUFFICIENCYOFLOCALLABOURMARKETSFORTHEPOTENTIALADVANTAGESOFMIGRATIONTOBEMAXIMISEDHOWEVER,ITISCRUCIALTHATIMMIGRATIONISACCOMPANIEDBYINTEGRATION,THATIS,EFFECTIVEMECHANISMSFORENSURINGIMMIGRANTSAREEFFECTIVELYINCORPORATEDINTOLOCALLABOURMARKETSPARADOXICALLY,ATTHESAMETIMETHATMIGRATIONISINCREASINGINGLOBALIMPORTANCE,THEREISWORRYINGEVIDENCETHATINTEGRATIONRESULTSDONOTSEEMTOBEASFAVOURABLEINANUMBEROFCOUNTRIESASTHEYWEREINTHEPASTTHEINTEGRATIONOFIMMIGRANTSISAPOLICYAREAWHEREALOCALAPPROACHISPARTICULARLYIMPORTANTWHILEIMMIGRATIONPOLICYISOFTENDETERMINED,DESIGNEDANDFUNDEDATNATIONALLEVEL,ITSIMPACTONMIGRANTSANDSOCIETYARESTRONGLYFELTATTHELOCALLEVELWHEREOTHERPOLICIES,INCLUDINGLABOURMARKETPOLICY,INTERACTTHEREISSTRONGVARIATIONBETWEENLOCALAREASINTERMSOFTHENUMBERANDTYPESOFMIGRANTSRECEIVEDWHILECERTAINAGRICULTURALAREASATTRACTLARGENUMBERSOFTEMPORARYMIGRANTS,MIGRANTSAREMORELIKELYOVERALLTOSETTLEINURBANAREAS,ANDINCERTAIN“GATEWAY”CITIESFURTHER,WITHINTHESECITIES,IMMIGRANTSOFTENBECOMECONCENTRATEDINPARTICULARNEIGHBOURHOODS,EITHERTHROUGHFOLLOWINGEXISTINGFAMILYORCOMMUNITYTIES,ORTHROUGHMINIMISINGLIVINGCOSTSLOCALPOLICYMAKERSAREABLETOTAKEINTOACCOUNTSUCHVARIATION,ALONGWITHVARIATIONINLABOURMARKETDEMANDTHEINTEGRATIONOFIMMIGRANTSISNOTONLYANATIONALISSUE,BUTALOCALONEWHILEAMIGRANTSAPPLICATIONTORESIDEINACOUNTRYMAYBEDEALTWITHATTHENATIONALLEVEL,THEYWILLULTIMATELYNEEDTOSETTLEINALOCALCOMMUNITYANDFINDTHEIRPLACEINALOCALLABOURMARKETSOURCESTATEOFEUROPEANCITIESREPORTMAY2007INTEGRATIONISALSOAGOVERNANCEISSUESUCCESSISLIKELYTOOCCURWHERETHEREISASATISFACTORYLEVELOFCOORDINATIONBETWEENTHEACTIONSCARRIEDOUT,WHEREPOLICYISADAPTEDTOLOCALNEEDS,ANDWHEREBUSINESSANDCIVILSOCIETYPARTICIPATEINSHAPINGTHEMEASURESCONCERNEDTOBESUSTAINABLEANDEFFECTIVE,INTEGRATIONINITIATIVESMUSTBEEMBEDDEDINBROADERLOCALECONOMICANDEMPLOYMENTDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIES,BUILDONLOCALCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGES,ANDRECEIVECONTRIBUTIONSFROMVARIOUSSECTORIALPOLICIESTHEINTEGRATIONOFIMMIGRANTSISONEOFTHOSEISSUESWHICHGOVERNMENTFINDSITACHALLENGETOADDRESSSUPPORTINGACCESSTOTHELABOURMARKETISTYPICALLYAMULTIFACETEDISSUE,WITHBOTHSOCIALANDECONOMICDIMENSIONSINTHECASEOFNEWCOMERSITISNOEASIERASITINVOLVESWORKINGWITHDIFFERENTCULTURES,TRADITIONSANDCUSTOMS,ANDPREPARINGTHELOCALLABOURMARKETTOWELCOMEANEWSOURCEOFSUPPLYTHEREAREAWIDEVARIETYOFDIFFERENTSTAKEHOLDERSINVOLVEDINTHISPOLICYAREA,REFLECTINGTHEDIVERSITYOFBARRIERSTOINTEGRATIONWHICHIMMIGRANTSMAYFACEDEPENDINGONTHELOCALAREA,ACTIVITIESTOSUPPORTINTEGRATIONCANBETAKENFORWARDBYLOCALANDREGIONALAUTHORITIES,NONGOVERNMENTALORGANISATIONSNGOS,TRADESUNIONS,NOTFORPROFITENTERPRISES,ANDEMPLOYERSEACHOFTHESEORGANISATIONSCOMPLEMENTTHESUPPORTTOIMMIGRANTSWHICHISDELIVEREDBYTHEPUBLICEMPLOYMENTSERVICEPES,WHICHINFACTRARELYTARGETSIMMIGRANTSSPECIFICALLYINITSPROGRAMMESDESPITETHEFACTTHATLOCALAUTHORITIESINMOSTCASESHAVENOSPECIFICLEGALCOMPETENCYTOHELPPEOPLEINTOEMPLOYMENT,THEYPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINTHELOCALINTEGRATIONOFIMMIGRANTSLOCALPOLICIESINTHEFIELDOFHOUSING,EDUCATIONANDTRAINING,CULTUREANDDIALOGUE,SOCIALASSISTANCEANDSPATIALPLANNINGCANALLHAVEASIGNIFICANTIMPACTONTHEABILITYOFIMMIGRANTSTOACCESSEMPLOYMENT,ANDTHEOVERARCHINGRESPONSIBILITYOFLOCALAUTHORITIESFORTHESOCIALANDECONOMICWELLBEINGOFTHEIRLOCALAREAMAKESTHEMANATURALLEADPARTNERINLOCALPARTNERSHIPSTOSUPPORTINTEGRATIONBOTHLOCALAUTHORITIESANDTHEPESFREQUENTLYWORKWITHNONGOVERNMENTALORGANISATIONSNGOSINTHEDELIVERYOFSERVICESTOIMMIGRANTSATTHELOCALLEVEL,SOMETIMESFORLEGALREASONSBECAUSETHEYAREABLETOPROVIDESUPPORTTOMIGRANTSWHODONOTHAVEEMPLOYMENTORRESIDENTPERMITSBUTALSOBECAUSENGOSPROVIDETHESUPPORTIVEENVIRONMENTANDINDIVIDUALISED“ONESTOPSHOP”APPROACHESTHATSOMEMIGRANTSWITHMULTIPLEOBSTACLESTOINTEGRATIONNEEDCOLLEGESANDVOCATIONALSCHOOLSAREALSOPARTICULARLYWELLPLACEDTOTAKEFORWARDANINTEGRATIONAPPROACHATTHELOCALLEVEL,INTHATTHEYACTASINTERMEDIARIESBETWEENLOCALPEOPLEANDLOCALEMPLOYERSEMPLOYERSAREALSOIMPORTANTSTAKEHOLDERSWHONEEDTOBEINVOLVEDATTHELOCALLEVELEMPLOYERSASSOCIATIONSANDCHAMBERSOFCOMMERCECANALSOPLAYAPARTICULARLYUSEFULROLETHEABILITYOFEMPLOYERSASSOCIATIONSTOPROGRESSIVELYTACKLEBOTHINTEGRATIONANDQUALITYOFWORKISSUESISILLUSTRATEDINTHEPROVINCEOFLLEIDA,INSPAIN,WHERETHELOCALFARMERSASSOCIATIONHASDEVELOPEDANINNOVATIVEMODELFORPROMOTINGGOODQUALITYEMPLOYMENTFORTEMPORARYAGRICULTURALMIGRANTS,PROVIDINGACCOMMODATION,TRAININGANDSOCIALSUPPORTINADDITIONTOBUILDINGDEVELOPMENTLINKSWITHLOCALITIESINCOUNTRIESOFORIGINITISIMPORTANTTHATEMPLOYERSASSOCIATIONSTAKEUPTHISCHALLENGEWHEREASUNIONSHAVEANATURALROLEINHELPINGTOIMPROVEEMPLOYMENTCONDITIONS,MANYOFTHEMOREPRECARIOUSEMPLOYMENTSECTORSINWHICHIMMIGRANTSBECOMECONCENTRATEDHAVELOWUNIONISATION,ANDTHEUNIONSARESOMETIMESPERSUADEDAGAINSTGETTINGINVOLVEDIFITMEANSDISADVANTAGINGTHEIREXISTINGMEMBERSNOTFORPROFITPRIVATESECTORORGANISATIONSSUCHASSOCIALENTERPRISESANDCOMMUNITYFOUNDATIONSCANALSOBEPARTICULARLYEFFECTIVEINTHISFIELD,NOTLEASTBECAUSEOFTHEFLEXIBILITYTHEYGAINFROMBEINGOUTSIDEOFTHEPUBLICSECTORTHEIRINDEPENDENCEFROMTHEFORMALTRAININGSYSTEMALLOWSTHEMTOTAKEA“DEMANDLED”APPROACH,DELIVERINGMODULARCOURSESALLYEARROUNDFINALLY,ITISINCREASINGLYBEINGRECOGNISEDTHATIMMIGRANTASSOCIATIONSHAVEANIMPORTANTROLETOPLAYININTEGRATIONATTHELOCALLEVEL,INTHATTHEYENCOURAGETHEDEVELOPMENTOFSERVICESTHATARECULTURALLYSENSITIVE,ANDTHATTAKETHEDEMANDSOFIMMIGRANTSTHEMSELVESINTOACCOUNTTHEINTEGRATIONOFIMMIGRANTSATTHELOCALLEVELISPRINCIPALLYAQUESTIONOFTHEMANAGEMENTOFCHANGEEFFECTIVEINTEGRATIONDEPENDSONHELPINGMIGRANTSTOMANAGETHERAPIDCHANGESWHICHAREHAPPENINGINTHEIROWNLIVES,WHILEATTHESAMEENSURINGTHATTHELOCALCOMMUNITYITSELFEVOLVESANDRESPONDSTOCHANGESINITSPOPULATIONANDINITSURBANFABRICWHILELOCALSTAKEHOLDERSNEEDTOBETHINKINGABOUTMANAGINGTHECONSEQUENCESOFLONGERTERMCHANGE,MIGRANTSNEEDCLEARROADMAPSTOGUIDETHEMBETWEENTHEVARIOUSSERVICESWHICHWILLSUPPORTTHEIRTRANSITIONINTOANEWLIFETHISMEANSTHATTHEREISANEEDFORWELLCOORDINATEDANDACCESSIBLELOCALSERVICESWHICHWILLMEETTHEIRVARIOUSNEEDS,EITHERTHROUGHTHEMAINSTREAMINGOFMIGRANTFRIENDLYAPPROACHESACROSSALLLOCALSERVICES,ORELSETHEPROVISIONOFONESTOPSHOPAPPROACHESSPECIFICALLYAIMEDATMIGRANTSUNFORTUNATELYTHESHEERNUMBEROFDIFFERENTACTORSWHOBECOMEINVOLVEDATTHELOCALLEVEL,ANDTHEFACTTHATSERVICESHAVEOFTENDEVELOPEDONA“BOTTOMUP”BASIS,MEANSTHATSUCHCLEARROUTEMAPSFREQUENTLYDONOTEXIST,ANDPROVISIONISRELATIVELYFRAGMENTEDWITHLOWLEVELSOFCOMMUNICATIONANDCOORDINATIONSUCHFRAGMENTATIONHASANUMBEROFIMPLICATIONSALACKOFCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHEDIFFERENTINSTITUTIONSDEALINGWITHINTEGRATIONCANREDUCETHEABILITYOFLOCALITIESTODEVELOPACOHERENTSTRATEGICRESPONSESERVICEPROVIDERSCANBECOMERELATIVELYISOLATEDREDUCINGTHEIRABILITYTOGUIDEMIGRANTSONTOOTHERRELEVANTSUPPORTANDNEWOPPORTUNITIESSERVICEPROVIDERSCANFALLOUTSIDEOF“COMMUNITIESOFLEARNING”ANDTHESHARINGOFGOODPRACTICEWHICHISESSENTIALTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMOREEFFECTIVESERVICESINADDITION,THEREISFREQUENTLYALACKOFCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENORGANISATIONSINVOLVEDINLABOURMARKETSUPPLYANDDEMANDGIVENTHESPEEDOFLOCALLABOURMARKETCHANGEITISCRUCIALTHATORGANISATIONSAREAWAREOFTHELATESTLABOURMARKETDEMANDSSOTHATTHEYCANACCURATELYGUIDEMIGRANTSTOWARDSREALISTICEMPLOYMENTROUTESWHILETHISMAYSEEMSELFEVIDENT,ITISAPPARENTTHATSUPPLYSIDEORGANISATIONSTRAININGINS
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
评论
0/150
提交评论