[通信电子设计精品] 鱼缸自动增氧系统 超声波增氧系统研究进展 论文综述

超声波增氧系统研究进展摘要A1A0A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A6A9A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A20A21A19A22A1A23A24A25A26A27A28A29A30A32A33A30A5A34A2A31A12A35A30A36A37A39A40A38A42A41A2A43A44A45A46A6A47A19A48A49A48A50A34A20A52A51A53A2A43A31A54A55A20A21A56A57A1A23A58A55A20A60A59A0A44A61A62A12A63A64A20A57A1A23A12A65A66A67A68A2A69A70A21A71A72A1A20A2A31A73A74A75A76A20A9A77A78A79A80A73A81A83A2A12A6A82A34A84A85A39A87A86A88A89A1A90A91A92A2A3A93A94A36A95A54A96A97A98A20A52A99A100A102A10A101A66A103A104A42A105A87A86A88A41A53A106A107A69A39A87A86A88A89A1A108A109A0A110A41A87A86A88A12A111A112A101A113A20A105A114A115A12A116A117A118A119A21A19A20A68A120A36A121A9A12A123A122A26A21A124A125A126A8A128A129A127A130A131A89A1A99A12A39A133A90A91A0A51A87A86A88A132A134A135A136A137A12A2A43A27A138A89A1A139A140A90A91A20A133A90A91A80A141A142A2A143A12A47A138A144A145A20A27A138A146A147A2A43A21A19A0A148A149A1A20A129A127A150A151A153A154A152A89A1A155A156A20A5A68A2A43A21A19A12A1A157A30A158A159A44A160A161A115A162A39关键词A87A86A88A165A27A138A89A1A165A2A3A93A94A165A57A1A23THEFISHBOWLINCREASESTHEOXYGENSYSTEMDESIGNAUTOMATICALLYABSTRACTOXYGENISONEOFTHENECESSARYCONDITIONSFORFISHSURVIVALANDGROWTHTHEOXYGENCONTENTINWATERISMAINOFNATURALTEMPERATURE,HUMIDITYANDTHEDENSITYOFTHELARVAECONCERNEDNOWHOUSEHOLDAQUARIUMINDAILYLIFEINCREASINGLYPOPULAR,BUTBECAUSEOFTHESMALLVOLUMEOFTHEAQUARIUMANDTHESMALLDISSOLVEDOXYGENINWATER,ESPECIALLYINHOTSUMMER,OXYGENREDUCTIONWILLMAKEFISHUPFLOATINGSURFACEOXYGEN,THENFISHCANINCREASETHECONSUMPTIONOFOXYGENANDFOOD,ITWILLLEADTOFISHDEATHATLASTTHEULTRASONICADDOXYGENSYSTEMFORFISHBREEDINGHASPOSITIVESIGNIFICANCE,BUTCURRENTLYONLYFOUNDAFEWCOUNTRIESONULTRASOUNDFORFISHERYULTRASONICADDOXYGENPRINCIPLEISTOUSEULTRASONICCAVITATIONPHENOMENON,MAKEFOGSHAPEBUBBLESSPRAYINTOTHEWATER,THENMAKEITALONGERTIMEFORWATERFULLYMIXING,SOASTOACHIEVETHEGOALTHATADDOXYGENTHISISCOMPOSEDOFBYULTRASONICSENSORSINCREASINGOXYGENTANKAUTOMATICCONTROLSYSTEM,THESYSTEMCANACCORDINGTOTHEACTIVITIESOFFISHTOAUTOMATICDETECTIONTHEOXYGENCONTENTINWATER,THUSOPEN/STOPINCREASINGOXYGENDEVICEANDMAKETHECONCENTRATIONOFOXYGENTANKWATERREMAININTHEBESTSTATEALLTHETIMEKEYWORDSULTRASONIC,AUTOMATICINCREASINGOXYGEN,FISHBREEDING,DISSOLVEDOXYGEN一、引言随着生活质量的不断提高，家养观赏鱼类已经逐渐进入我们的生活。观赏鱼形态美观灵动，但对外界环境适应能力差，生命力脆弱，因此护养较为困难。在养殖过程中，溶解氧是养殖中最重要的水质指标。鱼类的呼吸依赖于水中的溶解氧，如果溶氧量过低鱼将无法适应。据调查，主要养殖鱼类正常生长发育所需要的溶氧量一般在45毫克/升以上，此时鱼类摄食好，生长快，饵料利用率高；当溶氧低于此值时，鱼类的摄食与生长将受到一定影响；当溶氧低于2毫克/升左右时，鱼类基本停止摄食；当溶氧G19489G14279G20毫克/升左右时G4613G1262G9026G3848；当溶氧进一G8505G19489G14279G19G175毫克/升时G2375G2499G12390G5699G8527G1141；如果溶氧G1571高一般对鱼类G8821G7389G1172G1052G2373G4487，但G9157G5242过G20293G2656氧G7389时G1262G5353G17227G8680G8885G11161。G3G11013上G7003G2499G11705，水中溶氧量是G1457G16789鱼类生G4396G2656G13333殖的重要因G13044，G4439G2656外界G14270G9994G9213G5242G451G9299G5242以G2462鱼G1319G4506G5242G7389G4506G2011G13864G13007。当水中G2559氧量较低时，鱼G2588G10628不G2528的G9026G3848G5785G1929。因此适当G6523G2058水中溶氧量，对于观赏鱼的养殖G1867G7389G12227G7509G5859G1053。G3养鱼G7438G7812在G9141水养鱼中的应用G15G1431G1363养鱼G6228G7427G7389G1114G7044的发G4649G15养鱼G6228G7427的发G4649G2460对养鱼G16786G3803提G1998G1114G7368G7044G7368高的要G8726。G1375如G15在鱼G3628G1881G15要提高G2345G1313G19766G12227G1147量G15G4613G5529G20047G3698G2164鱼G14507的G6249G6930G4626G6980。但是G15鱼G14507G3822G1114G15鱼G8756G1881的G3837G9994G20294料不能G9397G17287鱼类生长的需要G15G4613需要G15929G1817G1166G5049G20294料。G20294料G1817G17287G1114G451G2524G10714G1114G15鱼类生长G17907G5242G2164快G15但水中的G2559氧量是G7389G19492的G15当水中氧G8680G2559量不G3827鱼G13688正常生活时G15G4613需要G15929G1817氧G8680G15于是要解G1927水G1319G3698氧G16786G3803。G11458G2081G3281G1881的G3698氧G7438G7389G3822G12193类G3423G2506G17730G5347水G17722G5347G451G4568G8981G5347G451管G5347等等G15遍G2462全G3281各大小水G1147养殖场，为水G1147养殖的高G1147稳G1147提供G1114G7389效的G7438G1867。G3上述各类G3423的G3698氧G7438都G2528样基于一个原G10714，G4613是G1363水G1319与空G8680的接触G19766G12227尽G2499能地大G15G1363空G8680中的氧G8680G1817分溶解于水中，从而达到G3698氧G11458的。但是否G2499以另辟蹊径从而能G7368快地达到G3698氧G11458的呢是否G2499以利用超声波的空化G10628象，将雾状的G8680G8885喷入水中G1363其G7389G7368长的时间与水G1817分混G2656G15从而达到G3698氧G11458的呢通过查阅G7389关资料G15仅发G10628少G6980G3281家将超声波用于渔业上，如苏G13864已G16786计G2058造G1998G1114超声波G3698氧G16786G3803G5049作G8981程。从调查资料来看，G3281G1881G7389关超声波在G3698氧方G19766的报道G2462关于这方G19766研G2058G5049作的信G5699较少，因此，在该方G19766做一些探索性的G5049作显得很G7389G5529要。G3二、国内外研究现状（一）渔业增氧系统研究现状当今在养鱼水G1319中采用G3698氧G6228G7427，成为在渔业养殖中G2524G10714提高G6930养G4506G5242，G3698G2164鱼类进食量，G1431G1363鱼类生长，从而获得稳G1147高G1147的重要措施。G1363用G3698氧G16786G3803不仅改善G1114鱼类的生长环境，而且G3698G2164G1114鱼G3628负荷，G1363鱼G11161减少，净化G8756G3628水质，提高G1114G20294料利用率。当G2081G9141水养鱼采用的G3698氧方G5347主要G7389以下三G12193重力跌水G5347G451G1817G8680G5347G2656表G19766搅水G5347。重力叠水G5347是利用G8981水重力G14270G9994落差，或G1166G5049G2058造的水G1313落差，G1363水G8981落在溅水板上形成水花，扩大G1114水G2656空G8680的接触G19766G12227，G1363G7368G3822氧G8680溶于水中。该G12193方G5347G3698氧效率低，G3698氧效果不明显，渐为淘汰。G1817G8680G5347G3698氧G7438是以G1166G5049G2058造的氧G8680或空G8680中的氧G8680为G8680源，铺G16786水下储G8680与释G6930装置，G1363氧G8680从水下以G8680G8885形G5347G6930G1998，从而G3698G2164氧G8680与水G1319的接触G19766G12227G2462接触时间，达到水G1319G3698氧G11458的。但该G12193方G5347成本较高，效率较低，且G1363用范围G7389较大局G19492性，仅用于室G1881或鱼G14507养殖。表G19766搅水G5347G3698氧G7438，主要指G2506G17730G5347G451水G17722G5347G451喷水G5347G451涌水G5347等G3822G12193在水G1319表G19766G5049作的G3698氧G7438G7812。这类G3698氧G7438主要依靠G7438G7812作用，G3698G2164表G19766水G2656空G8680的接触G19766G12227，G1363空G8680中的氧溶于水，达到G3698氧G11458的。G9994而该类G3698氧G7438G1319G12227庞大，运输困难，只适用于鱼G3628G2462大G3423渔业养殖场，不适用于小G3423居家观赏鱼G3698氧。G3（二）超声波增氧系统研究现状家养观赏鱼已成为众G3822养鱼爱好者的选择，不仅因为其灵动美观，而且能为生活G3698添绚丽色G5437。G8611G1313养鱼爱好者都G5088G7407G14270G5061的鱼G1593G5259活G8912，G10432G1867G10317色，为其提供G1817G17287的氧G8680对鱼类G1593G5259成长大G7389G16060G11422，不G3845为一个好的选择。G5078G19766上大G3822鱼G13580G3698氧G3132G3355采用G3698大氧G8680与水接触G19766G12227这一原G10714G4466G10628鱼G13580G3698氧的效果，但G3698氧效果G5194不明显，G5194且G1321时需要G3698氧G451G1321时无需G3698氧的G6523G2058G11429G8991G2163能不G1593全，这些G19394G20076都G1262G13485鱼G2463们造成不G5529要的G21647G9914。G16780G3822鱼G2463G7411G7407能G3827研发G7044G3423鱼G13580G14270动G3698氧G3132，能G3827G1363G3698氧效果显G14891，G2528时G17743G1427G7143G6670，G1427于G6817G6523。G1998于用G6155的G7368高需G8726，G999家为此进G15904G1114超声波鱼G13580G14270动G3698氧G13007G13491G16786计的研G12362。G3超声波鱼G13580G14270动G3698氧G13007G13491的显G14891作用，G1927定G1114G7044G3423G1427G6670G3698氧G7438的G5529要性发G4649。超声波鱼G13580G14270动G3698氧G13007G13491G1867G7389如下显G14891的G10317G9869G3G708G20G709高效溶氧。超声波G3698氧的G10714G16782依据是超声波发生G3132的G17764G4568G19766在G9094G1319中G5390G9884G6403动时，G1262从G6403动G19766发G1998无G6980G13466小的G8680G8885，这G12193G10628象G2495做超声波空化。利用其空化G10628象，将超声波发生G3132的G17764G4568G19766G6930入水中，G5194不断G1926入空G8680，G1363G17764G4568G19766上G1147生一个水G8680G1016G11468态，G1147生雾状水G8680G8885，G9994G2530G1889喷入水中。超声波在水中G1147生的G5506小G8680G8885G4396在时间G11713，但因表G19766G5364力关G13007，其G1881G18108G2399G5390上升，因此，G2375G1363水中G8680G1319G2588过G20293G2656状态，G8680G1319分G4388G1185能G2533水中溶解，水G8680G8885逐渐G9052G3845。因此超声波G3698氧能G3827达到其G1194G3698氧G16786G3803无法达到的高效G3698氧效果。G3G7082G709G3134声最小化。超声波是一G12193G20069率高于2G19G19G19G19G43G93的声波，不能G5353G17227G1166类G2560G16285G3132G4460的G5875G16285。超声波在G1268G6785过程中，方G2533性G5390，能量G7143于G19610中，因此当超声波G6403动G3698氧G1147生空化G10628象时，能G3827G1457G16789鱼G13580环境G3134声最小化，从而G1457G16789鱼类G2928爱的低G3134声生活环境，G1363鱼类G7368好地生长G13333殖。G2528时，超声波G6403动G3698氧对鱼类无G17764G4568类G1272G4487作用，对于G11842G1457观赏鱼的生命G4445全G7389着G12227G7509作用。G3G708G22G709G1427G6670G7143G6817作。G20G285G28G5192G1002界上G1998G10628G12544三G1207G19610成G11017G17347计G12651G7438，最G2033的计G12651G7438G11013G13434G13764G103G1923G103G16846依G7376发明，G7389三间G5223G6163G18039G1052大，G2530来逐G8505G2533着小G3423化G451G5506G3423化G451低G2163G13803G451G7246能化G451G13007G13491化的方G2533G7368G7044G6454G1207。G19766对G5078G19766上各G12193大G3423的渔业G3698氧G7438G7097G11422G7304G19718的G13582G19531，小G3423化G451低G2163G13803G451G2163能G3822样化的渔业G14270动G3698氧G13007G13491将逐G8505G2474G1207G12907G10379G3423G451高G2163G13803的大G3423渔业G3698氧G13007G13491。此类小G3423家用鱼G13580G3698氧G13007G13491经鱼G3080接触G2345稳触发G11017G17347，G1363超声波G2164氧G11017G17347G2563动对鱼G13580G1881水进G15904G2164氧，当水中溶氧量G1817G17287时，停止超声波G2164氧G11017G17347，G1867G7389G1319G12227小G451G2163G13803低G451G1363用方G1427等G1260G9869。G3基于以上G3822G12193G1260G2195，超声波水G1319G3698氧G13007G13491将G1262在G7422来G5078场G14085G20074而G1998，G1207G7379超大G3423G451高G2163G13803的G3698氧G7438，G1867G7389G12227G7509的研G12362G1227值G2656G5203G8879的应用G2081G7235。G3三、超声波增氧系统原理及应用超声波鱼G13580G14270动G3698氧G13007G13491主要是利用超声波空化G10628象对水G1319进G15904G2164氧。因此，G13007G13491G8181G3371主要分为三大G18108分超声波G6523G2058G11017G17347G451超声波发生G11017G17347以G2462G3698氧时间G14270动G6523G2058G11017G17347。超声波G6523G2058G11017G17347主要G4466G10628G2345稳触发过程，对水中溶氧量的G13582G3845程G5242进G15904判断；超声波发生G11017G17347主要G5353用超声G2164G9299G3132的G6403荡回G17347原G10714，高平G11017G8981震荡通过G6454能G3132把G11017G8981转化为超声波，将水打碎成为水雾，G1363空G8680溶入水中；G3698氧时间G14270动G6523G2058G11017G17347主要利用AT8G28C5G20G2345片G7438进G15904时间计G6980处G10714，当到达一定时间时，G2563动继G11017G3132，G11013继G11017G3132G6523G2058超声波G6403荡驱动回G17347的开G2563或关闭。通过G13007G13491三大G8181G3371，共G2528配G2524G4466G10628超声波G14270动G3698氧G2163能。G3超声波发生G13007G13491中最重要的构成G18108分为超声G6454能G3132，G4439G2499用普通G2399G11017陶瓷片G1207G7379，当G11017G2399作用于G2399G11017陶瓷时，G4613G1262随G11017G2399G2656G20069率的变化G1147生G7438G7812变形。另一方G19766，当G6403动G2399G11017陶瓷时，则G1262G1147生一个G11017荷。利用这一原G10714，当G13485G11013G1016片G2399G11017陶瓷或一片G2399G11017陶瓷G2656一个金属片构成的G6403动G3132，所谓G2495双G2399G11017晶片元件，施G2164一个G11017信号时，G4613G1262因弯曲G6403动发G4568G1998超声波。G11468反，当G2533双G2399G11017晶片元件施G2164超声G6403动时，G4613G1262G1147生一个G11017信号。基于以上作用，G1427G2499以将G2399G11017陶瓷用作超声波G1268G5875G3132。G3鱼G13580G16786置G3698氧G13007G13491能G3698G2164水中氧G8680，G1431G1363水质清洁干净，改善鱼类的生活环境G2462生长条件。该G14270动G3698氧G13007G13491G1363用G19492幅整G8981G11017G17347，G1363G11017G2399G2462G11017G8981值范围G6523G2058在鱼类能G3827G4445全生G4396的指标之G1881；G2528时G1363用G4445全性能较高的AT8G28C5G20G2345片G7438进G15904G14270动G6523G2058，对水G1319G1817氧时间进G15904G2524G10714调G6523，G1363鱼类的生活环境G1457持在最佳状态。G3四、结论与展望本G7003介绍G1114鱼G13580G14270动G3698氧G13007G13491的研发G2462应用G10628状，涉G2462G1114G13007G13491G16786计比较常用的G6228G7427，所应用的G6228G7427都是G6980字G11017G17347G16786计中较基础的G11705识，如输入G19492幅整G8981G16786计G451开关稳G2399G11017G17347G16786计G451G2345稳态触发G11017G17347G16786计G2462超声波发生G11017G17347G16786计等。超声G3698氧G13007G13491侧重于小G3423家用鱼G13580的G3698氧G2656G6523G2058。在G1363用中用G6155能方G1427的进G15904鱼G13580G3698氧G6523G2058，G5194G2499G6930心鱼G13580G2164氧时间的调G6523。G9994而，该G13007G13491包G2559的超声波发生G11017G17347还需要改善，因为在空化过程中，超声波空化G10628象应当非常明显。但是该G13007G13491超声波发生G10628象不甚明显，所以G13007G13491G16786计的不G3827完善的。G11468信在今G2530的研G12362中，能G3827逐G8505G1260化G13007G13491，提供G7368适用的G2163能。G3随着科学G6228G7427的快G17907发G4649，超声波将在G1268G5875G3132中的应用越来越G5203。但G4613G11458G2081G6228G7427水平来说，G1166们G2499以G1867G1319利用的G1268G5875G6228G7427还十分G7389G19492，因此，这是一个正在蓬勃发G4649而G2460G7389无G19492G2081G7235的G6228G7427G2462G1147业领域。G4649G7407G7422来，超声波G1268G5875G3132作为一G12193G7044G3423的非常重要G7389用的G5049G1867在各方G19766都将G7389很大的发G4649空间，G4439将朝着G7368G2164高定G1313高精G5242的方G2533发G4649，以G9397G17287G7097G11422发G4649的社G1262需G8726。G3G3G3参考文献A166A163A164A169A167A171A168A170A172A173A174A175A176A177A166A178A164A171A179A180A181A182A183A184A185A186A187A187A188A185A163A186A189A186A190A191A186A192A171A166A186A164A193A194A171A173A174A195A196A197A176A198A199A177A166A178A164A171A179A180A200A201A185A186A187A187A202A203A163A204A205A202A206A207A186A191A163A208A171A166A202A164A209A210A211A171A190A190A190A212A213A200A214A215A216A217A218A219A183A166A178A164A171A220A221A200A222A223A224A225A226A227A228A227A229A185A186A187A187A188A185A163A186A230A188A231A189A190A163A191A190A186A171A166A188A164A232A233A234A185A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A238A242A243A244A245A246A247A248A249A250A251A252A253A254A255A166A0A1A244A176A2A2A180A128A223A209A178A210A3A167A176A188A181A167A4A2A244A166A180A1A138A5A6A238A226A7A8A238A229A9A10A238A232A244A43A11A248A12A250A251A252A253A13A14A245A15A16A248A17A18A19A20A17A21A22A23A166A0A1A244A107A24A103A25A26A238A167A27A27A28A238A189A28A29A3A223A241A167A2A244A166A28A1A235A214A138A244A16A248A17A21A90A30A31A32A166A0A1A244A247A33A34A24A128A176A2A2A28A128A176A191A4A4A244A166A223A1A250A35A36A238A253A37A244A87A38A39A40A74A41A21A42A137A44A45A166A0A1A244A200A46A185A41A238A176A2A2A188A238A178A209A178A210A3A4A27A181A178A2A244A166A188A1A47A48A8A244A87A38A39A49A50A51A16A248A52A53A54A55A166A0A1A244A17A56A12A41A57A58A238A167A27A188A223A128A176A209A4A210A191A167A223A181A167A27A244A166A27A1A59A60A61A238A62A63A238A64A105A65A238A64A66A67A244A68A69A70A71A87A38A39A40A74A41A72A251A185A139A21A44A45A166A0A1A244A185A73A11A249A75A76A238A176A2A2A27A128A178A209A178A210A191A176A4A181A176A178A244A166A167A2A1A77A78A244A245A246A250A251A16A248A254A255A21A44A45A166A0A1A244A107A24A17A56A12A41A238A167A27A27A178A128A167A2A128A209A176A167A210A191A4A4A181A4A178A244A166A167A167A1A79A80A81A80A81A82A83A82A128A84A85A86A88A81A82A86A89A82A86A91A244A92A85A93A93A94A84A95A96A97A98A99A100A91A96A86A83A94A86A85A101A94A102A85A86A91A82A86A97A104A94A86A101A102A94A84A79A100A93A101A96A106A108A82A93A96A97