跨文化习题unit1-9

1、跨文化习题unit1-9 neau跨文化交际习题 注意：考试中答名词解释、简答题时，须要举例子说明，否则会扣除相应分数！案例分析题材料中没有，请大家自己到上搜索相关材 料。 ps：考试题型为选择、判断、填空、名词解释、翻译句子、简答、案例分析，分值分布年年都在变化。资料含75%考试原题。 最后祝小伙伴们顺利通过跨文化交际考试！ unit 1(第一单元抽象的理论很多，只做了名词解释和简答) 名词解释 culture: in other words, culture is the set of values and beliefs, norms, and customs, rules and co

2、des that socially defines a group of people, binds them to one another, and gives a sense of commonality communication is a process by which a source transmits a message to a receiver through some channel. intercultural communication occurs whenever a minimum of two persons from different cultures o

3、r microcultures come together and exchange verbal and nonverbal symbols. 简答 1. what is characteristics of culture? 1) culture is learned. 2) culture is transmitted from generation to generation. 3) culture is based on symbols. 4) culture is subject to change. 5) culture is ethnocentric. 具体解释如下： 1. 1

4、 culture 1.1.1 a definition of culture in 1993, two anthropologists, alfred kroeber and clyde kluckhorn examined 300 definitions of culture , and they found none of them are the same；yet there are some fundamental properties about culture on which most people agree. culture is the collective answer

5、to questions as: who am i? how should i live my life? where do i fit in the world? in other words, culture is the set of values and beliefs, norms, and customs, and rules and codes that socially defines a group of people, binds them to one another, and gives a sense of commonality (trenholm and jens

6、on, xxxx年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。 children should think often of the age of their parents. they should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. they should also feel concern for the aging of their parents. 8. 老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼 expend the respect of the aged in ones family to that of other

7、families; extend the love of the young ones in ones family to that of other families 9. 非礼勿视,非礼勿听,非礼勿言,非礼勿动 see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil and do no evil 10. 礼之用，和为贵。 the role of li is to maintain harmony among people. 11. 无为而无不为 acts through non-action 12. 顺其自然。 let the nature take its co

8、urse. 13. 上善若水 the greatest virtue is like water. 14. 天下莫柔若于水,而攻其坚强者,莫若于水 nothing is weaker than water in the world. yet nothing is stronger than water when it comes to breaking something strong 15. 道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。 the tao that is utterable is not the eternal tao; the name that is namable is not th

9、e eternal name. 16. 无，名天地之始；有，名万物之母。 the nothingness is the name of the beginning of the heaven and earth; the being is the name of the mother of all things 17.礼之用，和为贵。先王之道，斯为美。小大由之。有所不行，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。 in practicing the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. in the ways prescribed by

10、 the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great we follow them. yet it is not to be observed in all cases. if one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done 18.道生一，一生二，二生三，三生

11、万物 the tao begets the one; the one consists of the two in opposition (the yin and yang); the two begets the three; the three begets all things of the world. 19.人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然 man takes earth as his model; earth takes heaven as its model; heaven takes the tao as its model; the tao takes what is nat

12、ural as its model 20.以正治国 rule the state with peace and inaction 21. 天下神器，不可为也，不可执也。为者败之，执者失之 the kingship is so sacred。that cannot be obtained through force. those who try to obtain it by force will ruin it; those who keep it by force will lose it. 22.大巧若拙 great ingenuity appears to be stupid. 问答题

13、1.介绍一下孔子的生平及贡献；谈一谈你对儒家学说中“仁”的理解，谈一谈你对儒家学说中“礼”的理解。 参考答案如下，自己整理总结归纳。 3.1.1 confucius confucius is known as kong zi in china, whose given name is qiu. he was a native of zouyi, known as qufu nowadays in shandong province, of the state of lu during the period of the spring and autumn period. confucius i

14、s a great thinker, educator and founder of confucianism and also an ancient sage to the chinese people. his words and life stories were recorded by his students in a book, known as lun yu which has influenced china for more than 2000 years in history. much of confucian thought on heaven and people r

15、epresents universal human values. and the concept of “heaven” had a kind of certain holy element, relating to the source of life. confucius held the view that humans are born with a sense of “heavenly mission” and a person of virtue must “respect his heavenly mission” which is the meaning of human l

16、ife. therefore, the ancient chinese people developed a sense of awe and belief in heaven. human beings should listen to the voice of nature, respecting and loving it as the world of life, as confucius said “he who offends against heaven has none to whom he can pray.” the confucian respect and belief

17、 in heaven represented a kind of religious spiritualism of the ancient chinese. so the confucian philosophy is the backbone of chinese philosophy and culture, which influences various aspects of chinese culture, such as consciousness and customs. 3.1.2 confucianism 3.1.2.1 confucianism on the doctri

18、ne of ren ren is one of the core concepts of confucianism, which is the highest principle of morality. the original meaning of “ren” refers to the friendly relationship between people, while confucius further emphasized “ren” to be the highest category and standard of personality. confucius defined “ren” as