高三英语(模块解题方法专题：翻译考点梳理)全体

1、教师辅导讲义年 级：高三 科 目：英语 课时数：3课 题翻译考点梳理教学目的掌握翻译考查重点，熟悉翻译涉及到的重点句型。教学内容一、考纲考点主要测试学生的书面表达能力。具体考核目标为: 能运用所学的语言知识译出正确通顺的句子。二、翻译相关考点梳理学生要准确无误地用英语将中文句子的意思表达出来，关键有以下两点：、掌握最基本的英语句子结构和各种句型从句子基本结构着手，搭建框架。看到句子，先确定其是简单句、并列句、还是复合句。提取句子精华，找到主谓宾，然后再层层修饰。1、简单句结构例句主语+系动词+表语Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。主语+不及物动词Money talks. 有钱

2、能使鬼推磨。主语+及物动词+宾语Every cloud has a silver lining.守得云开见月明。主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语You tell me the truth.同我说实话。主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Adversity makes a man wise.逆境使人聪明。2、并列句结构例句简单句+并列连词+简单句A little learning is a dangerous thing, but a lot of ignorance is just as had.知识浅薄是危险的，无知同样危险。简单句+并列连词+副词+简单句He lied to be the c

3、ompany and therefore (he) was removed from the position.他向公司撒了谎，因此被解雇了。简单句+并列副词+简单句You must redoubled your efforts, or youll lag behind. 你必须加倍努力，否则你就要落后。3、复合句（1）主语从句结构例句关联词+主语从句+主句（主语以外部分）That practice makes perfect is general relief.“熟能生巧”是共识。It+be动词+形容词+that从句It is true that the college will take

4、in more new students this year.It+be动词+名词+that从句It is a pity that you should have to leave.你非得离开真是遗憾。It+be动词+said/reported+that从句It is reported that over six students have been stepped to death in the school.It+seems/happens/appears+ that从句It appears that you are wrong.看来你显然错了。Wh疑问词引导的主语从句Whats bred

5、 in the bone will come out in the flesh.本性难移。（2）宾语从句结构例句主语+谓语+宾语从句I dont know if/whether parking is allowed here.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+宾语从句My son told me he was going to the USA the next month.主语+谓语动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句We think it possible that he will pass the exam.注意：翻译宾语从句要注意1. 时态，2.语序，3.连接词。（3）定语从句结构例句先行词+关系代

6、词（who/whom/whose/which/that）+定语从句He who not learn when he is young will regret it when he s old.先行词+关系副词（when/where/why）+定语从句There are occasions when one must yield.先行词+介词+关系代词（whom/which）+定语从句The man with whom John shook hands just now is our headmaster.注意：除了上述限制性定语从句之外，还有非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词wh

7、ich可以修饰前面整个句子，但不可以位于句首。关系代词as既可以位于句首也可以位于整个主句之后，即逗号后面。（4）状语从句结构例句时间状语从句Where there is a will, there is a way.地点状语从句Wherever you go, you should work hard.原因状语从句The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.条件状语从句You will certainly succeed so long as you ke

8、ep on trying.目的状语从句The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.让步状语从句Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.比较状语从句Food is to men what oil is to machine.方式状语从句When in Rome, do as the Roman do.结果状语从句Its such a good chance that we must not

9、miss it程度状语从句Ill help you as far as I can.（5）表语从句结构例句主语+系动词+关联词+表语从句The question is who will not attend the meeting tomorrow.This/That+系动词+关联词+表语从句That was how basketball got its name.What/How+主语从句+系动词+关系连词+表语从句What delighted us was that we has succeeded in defending our championship.注意： 1、 以suggest

10、, proposal等词为主语的表语从句中谓语动词须用虚拟语气；2、 引导表语从句的关联词不能省略。（6）It引导的句子结构例句It+形容词+for/of sb.to do sthIt is necessary for a student to study one or more foreign language.It is no use/good doing sthIt is no use crying over split milk.It is +被强调的部分+that/who/ whomIt was last Saturday that we went to Shanghai Grand

11、 Theater.注意：It is +被强调的部分+that/who/ whom句型中，“被强调的部分” 如果是地点或时间状语，连接词仍要用that,而不能用where或when。(7)”with+名词/代词宾格+宾语补足语”结构结构例句with+名词/代词宾格+形容词I used to sleep with the window open.with+名词/代词宾格+副词Just now she fell asleep with the TV on.with+名词/代词宾格+介词短语At that time a policeman was running after a thief with

12、a club in his hand.with+名词/代词宾格+现在分词He ran and ran with breads of sweat running down his face.with+名词/代词宾格+过去分词The student left the classroom with the doors closed.with+名词/代词宾格+动词不定式I cant watch TV with so much homework to do now.(8) There be存在句的结构结构例句There+系动词+主语There is no royal road to learning.学

13、问之道无捷径。There+（情态动词/半助动词）+beThere used to be a bridge near our school.There+状态动词There stand many tall buildings along the Huangpu River.There+表示位置转移的动词There goes the bell.There+be+no+名词+（in）+动名词There is no good (in) fritening them now.4、各考点在近五年高考翻译真题中的分布题号/年份20102009200820072006第一小题简单句/主谓+双宾简单句/主系表简单

14、句/句子结构简单句/主系表/形容词用法宾语从句/比较级第二小题简单句/主谓宾语从句/比较级结构简单句/动词用法时间状语从句主语从句第三小题简单句/主谓宾/现在分词结构简单句/动名词作主语简单句/句子结构简单句/动词用法/句子结构原因状语从句第四小题并列句/there be句型+主系表简单句/被动结构简单句/被动结构简单句/动词短语用法/句子结构并列句/主系表第五小题宾语从句/条件状语从句强调句/句子结构简单句/形容词用法/现在分词做状语让步状语从句时间状语从句/形容词用法/句子结构第六小题无句子结构/活用让步状语从句句子结构/活用倒装句【教学策略】由上表可知：近5年高考对于翻译的考查重点基本上

15、集中在句式的考查上，老师要引导学生重点突破句式；另外，对于重点动词、形容词和介词短语的考查也需要引起注意，老师要监督学生背记相关的动词、形容词与短语搭配，并且会在比较复杂的句型中灵活运用。、注意动词的正确用法1、 动词涉及到时态、语态、语气、主谓一致，有谓语与非谓语、及物与不及物、延续性与短暂性、陈述与虚拟之分。翻译的时候，需要注意这些中文里少有或者根本没有的语言特征，灵活运用。【典型例题】我国人口百分之八十以上是农民。（percent）【参考答案】Over eight percent of the population of our country are peasants.【测量目标】能运

16、用所学的语言知识译出正确通顺的句子【考查内容】分数表达法/主谓一致【难度等级】基础【思路解析】首先，确定句子主干为简单句人口是农民，接下来添加枝叶部分“我国80%以上”，需要注意的是这里的谓语只能用Be动词are，因为80%的人口是复数概念，而且整句话介绍的是一般情况，需要用一般现在时。2、注意每个动词的特殊用法（1）finish, enjoy, practise, avoid等后面只能接动名词。（2）like, love, hate, prefer等动词后面既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词，意思相差不大。（3）stop, remember, forget, mean, regret, try

17、等后面既可以接动名词也可以接不定式，意思完全不同。【典型例题】请尽量避免再犯这种愚蠢的错误。（avoid）【正确答案】Please try to avoid making such stupid mistakes again.【测量目标】能运用所学的语言知识译出正确通顺的句子【考查内容】动词avoid的正确用法【难度等级】基础【思路解析】首先，关注主干为“犯错误”，avoid 后面只能带动词的-ing形式，然后添加枝叶成分，注意祈使句开头。3、与中文相比，英语中的被动语态用的较多，因此，学生要注意正确使用被动语态。【典型例题】应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage)【正确答

18、案】Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points.【测量目标】能运用所学的语言知识译出正确通顺的句子【考查内容】encouage的用法以及被动语态的运用【难度等级】较难【思路解析】由于本句缺少动作的发出者，故选择用被动语态来完成，encourage的用法为encourage sb. to do sth，故确定主干为sb. be encouraged to do sth, 然后再添加枝叶成分，本句还考查了介词短语according to。三、例题精析（建

19、议老师让学生自己画出解题步骤）1. 昨天晚上我们欣赏了一台精彩的演出。(enjoy)【参考答案】We enjoyed a wonderful performance last night.【测量目标】运用所学的语言知识译出正确通顺的句子。【考查内容】简单句以及动词enjoy的用法。【难度等级】基础【思路图解】2. 虽然他并不富裕，但还是尽力帮助贫困地区的学生。(do ones best)【参考答案】Though he is/was not rich, he does/did his best to help the students in poor areas.【测量目标】运用所学的语言知识译

20、出正确通顺的句子。【考查内容】让步状语从句以及动词搭配do ones best的用法。【难度等级】基础【思路图解】3. 据说，中国人比西方人更早使用纸币。(It)【参考答案】It is said that Chinese started to use notes/paper money earlier than westerners.【测量目标】运用所学的语言知识译出正确通顺的句子。【考查内容】it作形式主语的主语从句的用法。【难度等级】较难【思路图解】【教学策略】1、词汇是基础，必须先解决词汇量问题，另外在记忆的基础上，还要加强词汇辨析能力； 2、固定句式常用句型，动词固定搭配也是关键点。3

21、、在此基础上结合语法知识，按照英语的思维表达习惯灵活使用提示词，力争使翻译出的句子准确、达意。四、课堂训练。Part 11. 该项计划经过了广泛的讨论。（extensively）2. 人们意识到了相互沟通的重要性。（conscious）3. 对他独特的思维方式，老师们大加赞赏。（unique）4. 每个农村的孩子现在都享有受教育的机会。（access）5. 只有当你从失败中汲取教训时，才能取得更大的进步。（Only.）6. 令我们大家感动的是这位科学家虽身在异乡仍心系祖国。（think of ）【参考答案】1. The plan was / has been discussed extensi

22、vely.2. People are conscious of the importance to communicate with each other. People are conscious of the importance of communicating with each other. 3. The teachers greatly praised his unique ways of thinking. 4. Now / Nowadays every child in the countryside has access to education.5. Only when y

23、ou have learned a lesson from failure can you make greater progress.6. What moved all of us was that the scientist always thought of his country while he was abroad.Part 21. 大火过后,这所房子所剩无几.(remain)2. 在最近的十年中,我国经历了历史性的变化.(experience)3. 我们将作进一步的讨论,然后再做出最终结论.(before)4. 多吃点水果,那么你就不用担心缺少维生素.(lack, v.)5. 他

24、从来没有意识到,题目越容易就应该越仔细.(occur)6. 只有通过亲身实践,你才能真正理解志愿服务的重要性.(Only)【参考答案】1. Almost nothing/Little remained of the house after the big fire.2. In the past ten years, our country has experienced historic changes.3. We will have a further discussion before we draw the final conclusion. 4. Eat more fruit, and

25、 (then) you neednt be worried about lacking vitamins. Or: Eat more fruit, and then you neednt worry about lacking vitamins.5. It has never occurred to him that the easier the problems/exercises are, the more careful he should be.6. Only through your own practice can you really understand/make out th

26、e importance of volunteer work.五、课后训练。Part 11. 你不吃早餐也无助于减肥.(skip)2. 边开车边打手机是违反交通规则的.(against)3. 成功由三个重要因素组成: 天才,勤奋加上运气.(consist) 4. 许多市民中意乘地铁,是因为它不会发生交通拥堵.(in favor of)5. 许多人进行体育运动不仅是为了保持健康,也是为了缓解压力.(not only)6. 研究与观察的结果表明, 随着生活水平的提高, 人们越来越关心生活的质量.(concern)【参考答案】1. Even if you skip breakfast, you wo

27、nt lose weight. Skipping breakfast wont help you lose weight.2. Driving while talking on cell/mobile phone is against the traffic rules. It is against traffic rules to drive and use cell phone (at the same time).3. Success consists of three important factors: talent, diligence and luck.4. Many citizens are in favor/favour of the subway/underground because it is free from the traffic jam.5. Many people take physical exercise not only to keep healthy, but also to relieve pressure/stress.6. The fi