浙江新高考英语作文概要和续写

1、 实用文档 年浙江新高考英语题型解读概要写作2016 年浙江新高考考试说明英语写作样题一、2016 分）第二节：概要写作（满分25 词左右的内容概要。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. Howe ver, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a mea ns to

2、block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long t

3、ime when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. ) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no Thoug

4、h the belief in the merit (好处 longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond

5、 science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents n ervously try to warn their childr

6、en off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immuno), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong免疫学家logist () position is gaining some ground. 后者 immune system. And the latter ( ）（原创范文，仅供参考 One possible versi

7、on：1 ) For a lon要点 People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (g time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed 2 ) However, people began t that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点o change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been t

8、old tha3) However, some scient要点t washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. ( 4) 要点ists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. ( 【范文点拨】 )( 一要点分析 实用文档However, there is n文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点： 1. Different people have differen换句话说：othing fixed about attitudes to dirt. Di

9、fferent people have diffe再结合下文谈到的主题可知t attitudes towards dirt. People have mixed opi“rent attitudes towards dirt on the skin. 范文中的要点1 ”概括非常精炼。nions towards dirt on our skin. dirt on the skin was a means to 世纪，人们认为第二段主要谈到了在16 2Though the beli，尤以英、法两国的贵族为代表。结合第三段第一句block out diseaseef in the merit of

10、dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a n是很dirt18世纪之前，人们都认为ice neighbor ever since 18 century.可知，直到For a long time in history, peopl“友好的”，有助于预防疾病。范文中的要点2 e of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected peop ”很好地总结了这些要点。le from getting ill.since the 18th

11、century.观点的转变“引出人们对dirt 3. 第三段用Though ”再结合本段最后 Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.However, people be3“一部分Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea可得出要点gan to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been tol d that washing dirt off our body can keep us

12、 healthy.”On thedirt的态度还是有所不同， 4. 文章最后一段第一句指出，现在人们对于 有助于增强免疫系统。这一观点获得引出专家的观点，一位免疫学家认为dirt contraryHowever, some scientists believe that exposure to s4“了一些支持。范文中的要点 ome dirt may help our immune system.”表达很恰切。 要点连接(二) 文章概要，在写完了要点之后，下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进 在3行连接，使上下句之间具有连贯性。本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构，要点2和要点恰到好处。要点H

13、owever观点上截然相反，因此，之间需要表示转折的连接词，范文用了。不过小编认为，However4在观点上又存在不同，因此，还是用表转折的连接词3和要点 。可以避免三句话内出现两次However此处用Nevertheless ) 三关键词汇(), block oumeans (手段，方法) 第二段：确定的；不变的 第一段：fixed (长期存long-lived () 第三段：挡住t (), open up (打开), upon (之后；立即警告某人不要warn sb off () 第四段：在的), sell the idea (说服某人接收某个观点) ), gain some ground

14、 (取得优势靠近), position (观点以上这些关键词对于整篇文章的理解与转化成自己的语言都很关键，如果不能准确 领会其用意，语篇理解的效果会大打折扣。所以，概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结 构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，形成概要。 二、题型解读 题型介绍1. 选材特点 实用文档 以内；1）所需阅读的短文词数在350（ ）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。（2 评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容： ）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（1 ）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（2 ）上下文的连贯性；（3 ）对

15、各要点表达的独立性情况。（4理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，注意：得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将 会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。 2考查能力 概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之 为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关

16、键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅 读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。 写作步骤3 ）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。1）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题2 写出要点。）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。3 在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： ）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。（1）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文

17、保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的2（ 文字写次要内容。 实用文档）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相（3 干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，（4 至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。（ 备考建议 4.概要写作，其实我们考生并不陌生，在日常的英语教学中，教师经常让学生就所学 英语课文逐段概括段落大意或者复述课文，这在一定程度上都为概要写作打基础。除此之 外，作为考生，还要注意以

18、下几点：）积累常见的同义短语和句型转换，掌握并运用单词、短语和句型。“巧妇难为无米之（1炊”，即使有再好的写作技巧，如果没有相应的基础词汇和句法知识，也很难写出概要写 作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基础词汇和句法知识上下功夫，以不变应万变。进行适度地专题练习。有计划地进行适度练习有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要点， （2）找到概要写作的感觉，冲破对概要写作的不适感。平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文章，进行结构分析和主旨概括训练。可按文体和题材，分类训练篇章结构的布局，增强对文章上 下文连贯性的把握。概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。如：what / who / when / where /

19、why / how 记叙文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons) 议论文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introducti说明文：on of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) a focus on the first paragraph and the first and l

20、ast sentences of the 新闻： other paragraphs 综合以上分析可知，新高考更加重视考查考生高中阶段英语基本技能的掌握情况， 也注意考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能，目标是利用高考命题的导向功能推动新课 程的课堂教学改革 年浙江新高考英语题型解读读后续写2016 分）25第二节：读后续写（满分 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 实用文档 A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. near the First National Ba

21、nk, he heard the souPark Avenue As he walked along t getnd of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man whove got a probleIt looks like you looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked, “ Arthur said. m,”

22、 t start my car.”m in a big hurry and I can “Im afraid so. Ilo Arthur asked. The young man “Is there something I can do to help?” Thanks. If yousuit cases in the back seat and then said, “oked at the two t be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcasesre sure it wouldn ” into a taxi. ”d

23、be glad to help.“ No trouble at all. I The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. A fter placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur ploud noise icked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the long of an alarm. )! (抢劫bank. There

24、 had been a It was from the robbery Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with t running from all directions.of people he sound of the alarm and the shouts Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People But everyone had a different answer.

25、”What happened?asked each other, “ Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walke d right into the young woman in front of him. Why i“ She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. tm The suitcase! She thinks Is she looking at me like that?” He thought.

26、 “ he bank thief!” Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and wi thout another thought, he started to run. 注意： 左右；所续写短文的词数应为1501. 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；52. 应使用 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；3. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。4. Paragraph 1: 实用文档”“Stop, stop!As he was running, Arthur heard the y

27、oung man shouting behind, _ Paragraph 2:The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur. _ 原创范文，仅供参考） ：One possible versionStop, st“ As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, ”op!mithe young man And also at the moment, Arthur suddenly realized that t stop, but continu

28、ed to run until he ght be the bank robber. So Arthur didnand said to the driver,suitcase saw a taxi. He stopped it, jumped in with the the bank thieGo to the police station, please. The man shouting behind is “ The taxi raced away like the wind. f! The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and

29、 Arthur told the poli robbce what had happened. Obviously, the police had already learned about the ery. They opened the suitcase and there was a large sum of money inside, as Arthur had expected. Then the police asked Arthur to describe the young man and the other suitcase. Later, with the informat

30、ion, the police caught the robber. Thboth thanked Arthur a lot. (Words 153) the bank e police and ：Another possible versionStop, st“ As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, ”op!the young maThinking of the way the young man had behaved, he realized the bank robber. So Arthur ra

31、n faster and stopped a taxi. The momen might be the bant he got into the taxi, he told the driver the man shouting behind was and asked him to drive to the nearest police station. The driver follnk thief owed what Arthur said and drove away. The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur

32、 thanked the d river and directly went in. Just as Arthur was describing what had happened neaand reported the young man to the police, he on the Park Avenue r the bank To the surprise of Arthur, it was the y” Help! Help!heard a voice outside, “oung man. He had followed Arthur in another taxi. It tu

33、rned out that the young man was innocent and inside the suitcases were just some clothes. Arthur felt embarrassed but the policemen thanked him anyway.(Words: 158) 实用文档 【范文点拨】 原文所给关键词分类：Park Avenue, the bank 地点：The young man, people, the bank thief 人物：suitcases, in the back seat, loud noise of an al

34、arm, robbery, the shouts 事件： 在续写时，除了注意原文给出的关键词，还需要注意以下线索：1. Why did the young man look worried? 2. What happened? But everyone had a different answer. 3. Arthur became frightened and without another thought, he started to run. 二、题型解读 1.题型介绍 选材特点 350以内；（1）所需阅读的短文词数在）多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，

35、但是，2（ 故事线索的逻辑性比较强。 评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容： ）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；（1 2（）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况； 3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；（ 4（）上下文的连贯性。 注意： 分）；130左右（词数少于的，从总分中减去21501（）所续写短文的词数应为 52（）应使用个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 实用文档 3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；（ 4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。（ 考查能力2.读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查学生的综合语言运用 能力。与应用文不同，故事续写除了

36、要求学生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外，还注重学生的内 容构思和情节衔接的能力。主要聚焦在以下四个方面：一是把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。学生需要了解给定短文的主要内容，清 楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。二是语言运用的准确性和丰富性。期望学生在词汇和语言结构的使用方面准确、恰 当，能够根据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构，阅卷老师会感觉这个学生很有水 平。三是对语篇结构的把控能力。考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的掌握情况，希望学生续 写的短文语句连贯、有序。四是创造性思维能力。这是对学生续写短文内容得要求，期望学生续写的短文具有 较丰富的内容。该试题具有一定的开放性，要求学

37、生详细和生动地描述情景、态度和感情， 2016）。符合课程标准的要求和学生的能力水平（刘庆思，陈康， 3. 续写特点读后续写，简言之，就是阅读完一篇还未写完的文章之后，根据要求和提示把这篇 文章未写完部分补充完整，使之浑然一体。它一方面很好地考查考生对所学语言知识的实际运用能力，而另一方面，它也培养学生的发散思维能力。根据考试说明该部分的规定，考生在续写文章时，要注意续写部分“与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度”，“内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况”，“应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性” 有如下特点：以及“上下文的连贯性”。根据这些规定，我们会发现读后续写）读后续写不是随心所欲，是要在

38、引导语（开头语）和提示词的帮助下完成续写1 （10个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语（部分。如考试说明样题中规定“应使用5，但是不同点处）”。这些关键词语类似于传统写作中的要点提示，如人物、地点、事件在于这些关键词语并不是全用。这样考生可根据自己的理解有很大的自主权。另外，所续写部分不能脱离各自段落的首句开头语，即：不能另起炉灶。这些开头语与传统写作中的 开头语类似，在某种程度上引导你的思路向哪方面发展。）续写短文多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、2 （有起伏，但是，故事线索的逻辑性比较强。这样考生能够根据提示词语，顺着原来文章的 思路续写文章，并适当发散。）读后续写要求读写并重。与阅读理解题一样，读后续写同样需要对本篇文章精（3 确理解，这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题，就这方面而言有点类似阅读理