NSFenvironmental_engineering领域研究热点和案例.ppt

1、1,NSF Directorate for Engineering 美国自然科学基金 Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET) Environmental Engineering and Sustainability Cluster Environmental Engineering Program Director - Paul L. Bishop - ,Trends in Research Education Program Topical

2、Areas Research Project Examples,Tools and techniques in areas of measurements, analysis, modeling, and synthesis are becoming increasingly sophisticated This requires interfacing with more science and engineering areas Refocusing on large natural systems and on more holistic (cross-media) studies at

3、 large spatial scales while also expanding in the opposite direction: nano-science, molecular and genetic analysis Developing broad theoretical/conceptual underpinnings by embracing concepts of industrial ecology, sustainability, and ecological engineering,Trends in Research and Education,2,Environm

4、ental EngineeringProgram at NSF,The Environmental Engineering program supports innovative science-based engineering research and education with the goals of: restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological quality of the Nations water, air and land environment preventing human expos

5、ure to toxic chemicals and pathogenic bacteria achieving sustainable development of natural resources,3,Some “hot” topical areas in the 热点 Environmental Engineering programs,Pollutant Fate/Transformation Environmental fate and reaction kinetics concerning the persistence of antibiotics, pharmaceutic

6、als, personal-care products, and other emerging contaminants in the environment 抗生素、药物、个人护理用品和其他突发性污染物的环境命运和反应动力学 Nano-technology in Environmental Engineering Applications of nano-materials in water and wastewater treatment, air pollution control, and ground-water remediation; environmental and heal

7、th implications of nano-materials 纳米材料在水处理中的应用、纳米材料的环境、健康影响,Slide 1 of 2,4,Biotechnology in Environmental Engineering Innovative coupling of physical-chemical and microbial processes 物理化学、和生物技术协同 Information Technology in Environmental Engrg Development of advanced sensors and data acquisition syste

8、ms, internet-based data sharing and information processing Complex Environmental Systems Ability to model and predict across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales; real-time measurement and management,Slide 2 of 2,5,Some “hot” topical areas in the Environmental Engineering programs,Unsolicited

9、 Research Projects: FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009,Treatment Technology Research Bacterial adhesion and metabolic activity Development of highly efficient Aquaporin based membranes for aqueous separations Identifying and quantifying active denitrifiers in complex environments us

10、ing functional gene expression analysis Complete reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) by non-Dehalococcoides microorganisms Desalinated water and stability of drinking water distribution systems,6,Slide 1 of 6,Environmental Sensing Research Rapid, sensitive and sequential detection of

11、 E. coli and total coliforms Use of chiral tracers to determine cycling of POPs in stream ecosystems TT virus: A potential indicator of human enteric viruses in source and drinking waters Stable isotope probing to assess bioremediation of LUST contaminants Physiologically-coupled biosensing approach

12、es for real-time monitoring of environmental contaminants Functional analysis of biofilms in premise plumbing,7,Unsolicited Research Projects: FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009,Slide 2 of 6,Nanomaterial Research 纳米材料研究 Environmental impacts of nanomaterials in engineered water syst

13、ems on microorganisms 纳米材料对水系统中微生物的环境影响 Capacitive deionization using asymmetric nanoporous oxide electrodes Using nanotechnology to identify pollution sources in the landscape 环境污染物的纳米检测技术； Novel activated carbon nanofiber biofilm support for enhanced wastewater treatment 基于活性炭纳米纤维生物膜的污水处理技术,8,Unso

14、licited Research Projects: FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009,Slide 3 of 6,Water Resources and Watershed Management Integrated modeling for watershed management EDC compounds in a Rocky Mountain stream Fate and transport of biocolloids in beach sand Fundamental understanding of merc

15、ury cycling in lakes The role of sunlight in controlling fecal indicator bacteria and human virus concentrations in recreational waters,9,Unsolicited Research Projects: FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009,Slide 4 of 6,Phytoremediation Research 植物修复技术 Enhanced phytoremediation using e

16、ndophytes Heterotrophic degradation of and bioaugmentation for emerging trace contaminants in wastewater Removal of wastewater-derived contaminants in treatment wetlands Enhancing phytoremediation through callus-culture induced variations in wetland plants,10,Unsolicited Research Projects: FY 2009 G

17、rants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009,Slide 5 of 6,Air Pollution Research Optimization of urban designs for air quality and energy efficiency Effects of volatility and morphology on vehicular emitted ultrafine particle dynamics Adsorption and desorption of air pollutants on engineered nanomater

18、ials Integrated scheme for treating hydrophobic air contaminants,11,Unsolicited Research Projects: FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009,Slide 6 of 6,Figure 1: Hydraulic residence time (HRT) distributions for 1 completely mixed flow reactor (CMFR), 2 or 6 CMFRs in series,Figure 2: Pred

19、icted state (microbial storage product concentrations) variability in a bacterial population responsible for phosphorus removal in an anaerobic reactor. Green squares are glycogen, blue triangles are polyhydroxyalkanoates, and red circles are polyphosphate,Agent-based Modeling of Wastewater Bacteria

20、 Andrew Schuler - Duke University,Design and operation of biological wastewater treatment systems relies on mathematical modeling of the biological processes of waste degradation. This project is pioneering the use of agent-based modeling in these systems, which entails the modeling of individual ba

21、cteria as they move through bioreactors, as opposed to the conventional lumped approach, whereby bacteria are modeled with respect to their bulk concentrations. The Schuler lab has built and applied a new agent-based simulation program (DisSimulator), which can model thousands of bacteria as they mo

22、ve through a given system. Using this program they have revealed several emergent behaviors that may lead to improved system design and operation for improved plant performance. Highlight ID: 15483 CBET-0607248,12,Multiple Genomic Targets Advance Water Pollution Control Technology Amy Pruden - Virgi

23、nia Tech,Recent advances in molecular biology have presented a tremendous opportunity to herald the next generation of environmental science and engineering in which biological process design considers the actual microbial communities involved in catalyzing treatment. The Pruden team is developing n

24、ew genome-enabled tools and using advanced statistical approaches to synthesize the information obtained in order to determine which tools best predict the performance of bioremediation systems. They are also applying these tools for advancing consideration of inoculum as a viable aspect of engineer

25、ed design of bioremediation systems. CBET-0547342,Figure 1: Schematic overview of a sulfate-reducing permeable reactive zone (SR-PRZ) remediating acid mine drainage. The lignocelluloses-based matrix (wood chips) provides a slow-release source of organic carbon for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). SR

26、B produce sulfides, which bind heavy metals and remove them from the water while at the same time neutralizing acidity,13,Debromination of PBDEs in Aquatic Sediments,Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (Figure 1), have been used extensively as flame retardants in consumer goods for fire protectio

27、n. As a result, rapid accumulation of PBDEs has occurred literally everywhere in the environment. In aquatic systems, the majority of the PBDEs are deposited in sediments, particularly those with high degrees of bromination. The basic hypothesis of this proposal is that PBDEs, which have accumulated

28、 in the environment over the past four decades, have debrominated in the sediments of heavily contaminated water bodies. Comparison between PBDEs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their production history, congener distribution patterns in commercial products, carbon-halogen bond energy, and t

29、he time scale of environmental contamination, etc, supports their hypothesis. CBET-0756428 CBET-0756320,Figure 1. Structure of PBDEs,Figure 2. Sampling at Maple Lake, Illinois with a gravity piston corer (Wildco Co.). A push corer (Great Lakes Water Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) has also been used for sediment sampling in this project,14,An Li University of Illinois-Chicago Karl Rockne University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,Enhancing Gas-Particle Transport Processes for Improved