高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 新人教版必修3

1、路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,走向高考 英语,人教版 高考总复习,Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars,必修三,第一部分基础知识聚焦,单词速记 A快速识记 1_ n卫星 2_ n气候 3_ n宇宙飞船 4_ n引力；重力 5_ n气氛；大气层 6_ n宗教_ adj.宗教的 7_ n生物_ n生物学家 8_ n物理_ n物理学家 9_ n天文学_ n天文学家,satellite climate spaceship gravity atmosphere religion,religious,biology,biologist,physics,ph

2、ysicist,astronomy,astronomer,10_ adv.因此；于是 (同义词)_ 11_ vi.存在；生存_ n生存；存在 12_ n to2.to bee; until; when3.more important; its4.whether; to e; be solved5.floated; watching; larger,语法过关 主语从句 1_ he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting. 答案：What考查主语从句。句意：他认为很好的一个提议在会议上被老板否定了

3、。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，不指人，故填what,2_ is known to all is that the Diaoyu Islands have belonged to China since ancient times. 答案：What考查名词性从句。句意：钓鱼岛自古就属于中国，这是大家都知道的。what引导的是主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语,3What has made John look like lacking sleep? _ he had to prepare for the ing exam and stayed up last night. 答案：That考查名词

4、性从句。分析句子结构可知，答语是回答上面句子中的主语“What”的，故此句是一个主语从句，缺少引导词，而引导词在从句中不充当成分，故用“That,4It remains to be seen _ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. 答案：whether考查主语从句。句意：这个计划是否足够实用，以使这个项目继续下去还有待观察。it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。whether“是否”，符合句意。 5It makes his life quite different _ he has received

5、higher education abroad. 答案：that考查主语从句。本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是“that he has received higher education abroad,语篇填空 No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a _(wide) accepted theory, the universe began _ a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. Af

6、ter that, atoms began to form and bine to create stars and other bodies,For several billion years after _ “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What _ was to bee was _(certain) until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago _ the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so viol

7、ent _ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It _(explode) loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, _ were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear

8、_ its surface. 答案：widelywiththeituncertainwhenthatexplodedwhichon,1.harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 归纳拓展 be harmful to sb. 对某人有害 harm n. puzzling; puzzled,4pull n. take it a bit _. We arrived in the summer, just _ to enjoy the midnight sun. 答案：in timeAt no timeat the same timeAt one timeat a timein time,3now t

9、hat 由于；既然 归纳拓展 since与now that (既然)引导的原因状语从句一般置于主句之前；because(因为)引导的原因状语从句通常放在主句之后；as引导的原因状语从句一般位于主句前，也可位于主句后。此外，并列连词for也可表示原因，引导的原因分句只能放在另一个分句之后,He must be a good student, _(因为) hes always careful with his lessons. 答案：Now that(Since)Now that(Since)becausefor,4in ones turn 轮到某人；接着 归纳拓展 in turn 依次；轮流；反

10、之；反过来 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 take ones turn 轮到某人 on the turn 正在转变；正在变化 out of turn 不合时宜地；鲁莽地 take a turn 转变,It turned _ that this young man was none other than the old mans son. 结果证明这个年轻人正是那位老人的儿子。 答案：into driveout,5cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋 归纳拓展 cheer

11、 sb. up 使某人振作起来 cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油 Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯,I propose a toast to our friendship and cooperation. _(cheer)! 我提议为我们的友情与互助，干杯！ 答案：was cheeredto cheer her upCheers,1.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on whether this problem can be s

12、olved. 本句中的两个whether分别引导主语从句和宾语从句,归纳拓展 whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别： (1)whether可以直接与or not连用，if不可以。 (2)引导位于句首的主语从句，用whether，不用if。 (3)引导表语从句和同位语从句，用whether，不用if。 (4)动词不定式之前用whether，不用if。 (5)介词之后的宾语从句用whether，不用if,答案：Whether well go camping tomorrowwhether it is necessary for him to study abroadif you can he

13、lp me,2But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 本句中的twice as . as .表示“是的几倍”，该句型中的twice也可用half, onethird等词，表示“是的一半/几分之几,归纳拓展 有关倍数的表达方式还有： 倍数asadj./adv.as . 倍数asmany/much名词as . 倍数形容词/副词的比较级than .

14、倍数the名词of . 倍数the(计量)名词of . 温馨提示(1)在“倍数the名词of”结构中，常用的名词有size, height, weight, length, width等。 (2)两倍用twice或double，不到一倍用分数表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用times来表示，如three times, four times等,As new technology is introduced, this pany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (生产的电脑是去年的三倍) 答案：twice as large as what it wasthe size of the old onep

15、roduces three times as many puters as last year,3This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。 句中it为形式宾语，真正宾语为to develop，for life是不定式的逻辑主语,During this week, _ _ _ _ to jog every day. 在这一周当中一定要养成天天进行慢跑的习惯。 I have discovered that it _ _ _. 我发现那让他们感

16、到高兴。 The teacher raised his voice so that he could _ _ _. 老师提高了嗓音以便于被别人听到。 答案：makes it possible for us to usemake it possible to travelmake it a rulemakes them happymake himself heard,答案：what句意为：为了子孙后代，当地政府在保护环境方面所能做的事情是显而易见的。It为形式主语，_ the local government can do to protect the environment for futur

17、e generations是真正的主语，该主语从句缺少宾语，且表示物，故填what,答案：it考查it作形式宾语。 答案：have been taken; being polluted考查主谓一致和非谓语动词,答案：to be cheered考查非谓语动词,答案：improving考查ving形式作结果状语,答案：have been pulled考查时态语态。 答案：it考查it作形式宾语,答案：it本题考查代词的运用。句意：苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。分析句子结构可以看出，该句中包含一个that引导的从句，而且根据语境可知，that从句的内容就是苏珊向我表明的事情，所以后置的

18、that从句实际上是made的真正宾语，故用形式宾语it指代that从句,答案：in句意：经理想要看到公司的改变，我确信他迟早会看到的。in time“及时；最后，迟早”，符合题意,答案：whether本题考查名词性从句。句意：那仍然得看新形成的委员会政策能否付诸实践。It在此为形式主语，故seen后为真正的主语从句，又由remains to be seen可知存在不确定的意思，所以用whether是否,答案：friendly句意：两国高层领导人在友好的氛围(atmosphere)中进行谈判。 答案：to avoid答语句意：我退后了一步，正好避开了奔跑的汽车。in time to do st

19、h.“正赶上做某事,答案：as本题考查倍数的表达法。句意：据说这个发电厂现在是过去的两倍大。“倍数as.as”是倍数的表达法，意为“是的几倍”，其中as.as之间要用原级,完成句子 1An exceptionally big fire _ _(爆发) at midnight. Luckily, firefighters arrived just _ _(及时) for the rescue. 2Atmosphere _ _(挡住) a large amount of harmful light from space. 3_ _(既然) we have finished the design,

20、the pany, _ _ _(轮到), will do the construction,4_ _ _ _(在全球范围内), AIDS may well bee the leading cause of infant death. 5He, as well as his sister, _ _ _(被抚养) in the mountainous area where education facilities are far from satisfactory. 6建议采取措施来阻止工厂排放有害气体。 _ _ _ _measures should be taken to prevent fac

21、tories from discharging harmful gases into the air,7地球变暖是否加剧取决于我们的活动是否产生更多的二氧化碳。 Whether the global warming will bee more serious _ _ _ our activities will produce more carbon dioxide. 8大部分证据被毁了，不可能证明这种食物是有毒的了。 Most of the evidence is destroyed, _ _ _ _to prove that the food is poisonous,9证人的描述太难以置信

22、，没有任何实际价值。 The witnesss descriptions were _ unbelievable _ be of any real value. 10没有什么比得上一句诚心的问候更令人愉快了。 There is nothing _ _ _ a cheerful word of greeting. 答案：1.broke out; in time2.blocks out3.Now that; in its turn4.On a global scale5.was brought up6.It is suggested that7.depends on whether8.which makes it impossible9.too; to10.more pleasant than,5If you put your heart into it, youll succeed on time._ 6As time going by, I began to realize what I did was wrong._ 7The problem of pollution is worth paying attention._ 8This is such interesting a film that I have seen it tw