present-perfect-(现在完成时讲解及练习-英文版

1、Present Perfect Tense1. The present perfect tense used to talk about things that happened before the time you are speaking or writing but are relevant to the present situation, or things that began in the past and are still happening.2. Structure:Thepresent perfect tenseis formed withhave/has + done

2、, as in, “They have decided what to do.3. Signal words:When you see words likefor, since, never, ever, already, just, yet andso farin a sentence, it often means that you need to use thepresent perfect tense. For example,l I have been to Shanghai for three years.l She has gone to Beijing since three

3、years ago.l John has never seen Harry Potter.l Have you ever seen anything like it?l You have already been rich.l I have just bought a new house. l Has the bus left yet? They havent finished yet. (“yet” always used for negative sentence and questions)l So far, we have done five tasks.NOTICE: For and

4、 Since with Present Perfect TenseWe often useforandsincewith perfect tenses: We useforto talk about aperiodof time:five minutes, two weeks, six years We usesinceto talk about apointin past time:9 oclock, 1st January, MondayLook at these example sentences usingforandsincewith the Present Perfect tens

5、e: I have been herefortwenty minutes. I have been heresince9 oclock. John hasnt calledforsix months. John hasnt calledsinceFebruary. He has worked in New Yorkfora long time. He has worked in New Yorksincehe left school.4. Basic Sentence Patterns:subjectauxiliary verbmain verb(+)lPositive sentenceIha

6、veseenET.Youhaveeatenlunch.(-)lNegative sentenceHe, she, ithasnotbeento Rome.Wehavenotplayedfootball.(?)lGeneral questionHaveyoufinished?Have theydoneit?(?)lSpecial questionWhat hashe/she/iteaten?What haveyoudoneso far?5. Contraction with Present PerfectWhen we use the Present Perfect in speaking, w

7、e often contract the subject and auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.I have IveYou have YouveHe has HesShe has ShesIt has ItsJohn has JohnsThe car has The carsWe have WeveThey have Theyve Youve told me that before. Johns seenHarry Potter.In negative sentences, we may contra

8、ct the auxiliary verb and not: You havent got a chance. She hasnt heard from him.Hesorhes? Be careful! Thescontraction is used for the auxiliary verbshaveandbe. For example, Its eaten can mean: Ithaseaten. (Present Perfect tense, active voice) Itiseaten. (Present Simple tense, passive voice)It is us

9、ually clear from the context.6. How do we use the Present Perfect TenseWe use the Present Perfect to talk about: experience change continuing situation1). Present Perfect for experienceWe often use the Present Perfect to talk aboutexperiencefrom the past. We are not interested inwhenyou did somethin

10、g. We only want to knowifyou did it:Ihave seenan alien.Hehas livedin Bangkok.Haveyoubeenthere?Wehavenevereatencaviar.pastpresentfutureThe action or state was in the past.In my head, I have a memory now.Connection with past:the event was in the pastConnection with present:in my head,now, I have a mem

11、ory of the event; Iknowsomething about the event; I haveexperienceof it2). Present Perfect for changeWe also use the Present Perfect to talk about achange, ornew information:Ihave boughta car.pastpresentfutureLast week I didnt have a car.Now I have a car.Johnhas brokenhis leg.pastpresentfutureYester

12、day John had a good leg.Now he has a bad leg.Connection with past:the past is the opposite of the presentConnection with present:the present is the opposite of the past3). Present Perfect for continuing situationWe often use the Present Perfect to talk about acontinuing situation. This is a state th

13、at started in thepastand continues in thepresent(and will probably continue into the future). This is asituation(not an action). We usually usefororsincewith this structure.Ihave workedhere since June.Hehas beenill for 2 days.How longhaveyouknownTara (for)?pastpresentfutureThe situation started in t

14、he past.It continues up to now.(It will probably continue into the future.)Connection with past:the situation started in the past.Connection with present:the situation continues in the present.Exercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.I_already_(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek.2._he_(finish)hiswor

15、ktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather_just_(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.WheresLiMing? He_(go)totheteachersoffice.5.I_(work)heresinceI_(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong_theWangs_(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I_just_(finish)myhomework.9.He_(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10._you_(find)yours

16、ciencebookyet?11.Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,Illgowithyou.12.Thestudents_(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey_(climb)thetree.14.Mymother_(come)toseemenextSunday.15.Ivelostmypen._you_(see)itanywhere?II.Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.Negative sentence: I_beentoMacaubefore.2.Heha

17、sntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(ask for the underlined information)Special question: _hecometoschool?3.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(Rewrite the sentence with “just”)I_just_anewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago. (rewrite the sentence in present perfect tense)We_English_threeyears.5.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(ask for the underlined information) Special question: _havetheybeenhere?6.Theoldman_lastyear.Hehas_forayear.(fill in the blanks with the proper form of “die”)7.MissGaoleftanhourago.(rewrite the sentence in present perfect ten