托福口语资料task.ppt

1、Rebecca,TOEFL iBT SPEAKING 托福口语TASK4,Task 4,General introduction: An integrated task reading listening speaking Academic subject but no prior knowledge of any academic field are required,Reading (75-100 words and will disappear after; 40-45 to read) Listening (conversation on same topic with picture

2、; 1-1.5 to listen) Speaking (combine info. in two sources; no personal ideas 30 to prepare OR A problem and respects about it/ ways to solve it,带着一个“概念是什么，现象是什么”的想法来阅读,Academic subject sciences how to store food 2. social science（社会科学）: the study of human society.perception 3. physical science（自然科学）

3、: the study of the nature and nonliving matter, such as physics, chemistry, or geology.secondary ecological succession（二级生态演替） 4. humanity（人文科学）: the study of human thought and culture, such as philosophy, literature, and art.visual elements ; movie,Academic subject sciences no personal ideas,What t

4、o speak in T4: 描述阅读材料中涉及的概念（如果没有，自己总结） 解释听力材料中的例子 听力听得较好可以选择不回答阅读内容（互补,General format,The lecture is about + 授课主题, referring to + 主题定义 10 The professor gives the example of + 具体内容（1/2点） 50 In the first example, he states that./First of all, he points out that. (The second point is that./ The profess

5、or also says that.,Case study 1,Narrator Now read the passage about social interaction. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now,Explanation,Notes for reading,social interac: influ. on beha. presence of others affect eg. audience effects affected if know they r visible/watched,Narr

6、ator Now listen to part of a talk in a sociology class. The professor is discussing audience effects,Notes of listening,Interaction: impact on behav. Know being watched perform speed 1. Tie shoes with laces 2. Learn new things: typing But, more mistakes,When the dialogue ended, the picture of the st

7、udents will be replaced by the following,The question will then appear on your computer screen and will also read by the narrator,整理笔记，最终开口,T(according to the reading): audience effects affected if they know being watched Example 1: tying shoes, 1 group knew, type faster, 1 not. Example 2: learning

8、to type faster, but mistakes,The principle of audience effects is that individuals performance is affected by the knowledge that others are watching them. The professor uses examples of tying shoes and learning to type to demonstrate that we actually increase our speed of performing if we know that

9、we are being observed. In the example of tying shoes, one group of college students was told that they were being observed, the other didnt know they were being observed. The students who knew they were being watched tied their shoes much faster than the other group. And in the example of learning t

10、o type, when we are conscious of being observed, we will increase typing speed. We type faster than we do alone. Also, other behavioral pattern will increase, like making mistakes. So when we type faster when we know we are being observed, we also make more mistakes,示范回答,Sample answer 1,In this lect

11、ure, the professor gives two examples to illustrate the principles of audience effects. One of them is tying shoes, and the other one is how to type. So in the experiment where two groups to tie their shoes, The first group were said they were be observed, The other one was not told so. The first gr

12、oup that they knew they would be observed tied their shoes faster; and the other one slower. In the second example; activities such as learning typing; again when people are conscious they are being observed they type faster. However, they tend to make more mistakes as well. So the suggestion is to

13、practice new activities alone in order to reduce mistakes,Speak clearly and fluently. Show a good command over grammar and vocabulary. State very clearly and logically the concept and two examples,Topic 段: T1 OK, so we said that the way we interact with others has an impact on our behavior. In fact,

14、 theres some interesting research to suggest that in one type of interaction - when were being observed specifically, when we know were being watched as we perform some activity - we tend to increase the speed at which we perform that activity,分组：标准,Reason段： R1,In one study, college students were as

15、ked to each put on a pair of shoes-shoes with laces they would have to tie. Now one group of students was told that they would be observed. The second group, however, didnt know they were being observed. The students who were aware that they were being watched actually tied their shoes much faster t

16、han the students who thought they were alone. Other studies confirm the same is true even when were learning new activities,差别：特征,Lets say someone is learning a new task - for example, learning how to type. When theyre conscious of being observed, theyll likely begin typing at a much faster rate tha

17、n they would if they were alone. But, and this is interesting, the study also showed that certain common behavior- things people typically do, like.making mistakes when youre learning something new that behavior pattern will also increase. So in other words, when were learning to type, and we know w

18、ere being watched, well type faster but well also make more mistakes,Reason段： R2,Homework,Sampling error Often, students or employees will be asked to draw a conclusion from a huge amount of data. Thats when a sample is introduced. When a sample is accurate, it can represent the whole group. But when it is wrong, sampling error would occur. In statistics, sampling