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摘 要 随着现代航空航天、模具加工、汽车制造、电子制造行业等领域对产品加工效率和精度的要求越来越高,而高速数控机床能够满足这一需求。机床进给系统是高速机床的主要功能部件。而直线电机的进给系统改变了传统滚珠丝杠传动方式中存在的弹性变形大、存在一定反向间隙、响应速度慢、易磨损等一些难以避免的缺点,同时具有速度高、定位精度高、加速度大、行程长度不受限制等一些优点,使其在数控机床的进给系统领域渐渐发展为主导方向。近些年，有越来越多企业开始在数控机床上采用直线电机，究其根本原因是：为了提高生产效率和改善零件的加工质量而发展的高速以及超高速加工方式现已成为机床发展的一个重大趋势，一个响应快、轻便的驱动系统是解决此问题的关键所在。直线电机，其速度最高能达到传统传动方式“旋转电机+滚珠丝杠”的1030倍，加速度最高是传统传动方式的10倍，刚度提高了7倍左右。直线电机直接驱动的进给轴无反向间隙，而且电机惯量较小，所以直线电机驱动系统能够达到较高的响应频率。现在已经出现了大推力直线电机，所以在重型龙门机床上采用直线电机驱动数吨重的运动部件也已不成问题，直线电机驱动技术将是未来数控机床发展的方向。关键词：直线电机；数控机床；进给系统；高精度AbstractWith modern aerospace, would processing, automobile manufacturing, electronic manufacturing industry in areas such as more and more high to the requirement of product processing precision and efficiency, and high speed CNC machine can satisfy this requirement. Machine tool feed system is the main function of high speed machine tool parts. And linear motor feed system completely changed the traditional way of ball screw transmission of large elastic deformation, slow response speed and reverse clearance, easy to wear, are inevitable shortcomings, such as with high velocity, high acceleration, high positioning accuracy, the advantages of stroke length is not restricted, make its gradual development in the field of nc machine tool high-speed feed system as the leading direction.In recent years, more and more enterprises in the linear motor is used on nc machine tools, its basic reason is: in order to improve production efficiency and the improvement of the machining quality of parts and the development of high speed and ultra-high speed machining has become a major trend in the development of machine tool, a responsive, high speed, light drive system is the key to solve this problem. Linear motor, its highest speed is the traditional transmission mode rotary motor and ball screw 10 30 times, maximum acceleration was 10 times higher than the traditional transmission mode, stiffness increased 7 times; Linear motor direct drive feed shaft without reverse clearance; Since the motor inertia small, composed of the linear motor drive system can achieve high frequency response; Now there have been great thrust linear motor, so on the heavy gantry machine driven by linear motor has tons of moving parts is not a problem, technology driven by linear TV will be the developing direction of high speed nc machine tools in the future.Keywords: linear motor; CNC machine tools; Feed system; High precision目 录摘 要IAbstractII1 绪论12 直线电机国内外发展现状22.1 直线电机的发展历史22.2 直线电机国内外的研究现状32.2.1 国外直线电机的研究现状32.2.2 国内直线电机的研究现状52.3 直线电机的发展方向和前景52.3.1 直线电机的发展方向52.3.2 直线电机的前景63 直线电机的工作原理73.1 直线电机的基本结构和分类73.1.1 直线电机的基本结构73.1.2 直线电机的分类83.2 直线电动机的工作原理103.3 直线电机的优缺点