【暑假作业7】高三阅读训练(下)

1、高三阅读训练（下）passage fivearchimedes was a greek scientist. he lives in syracuse nearly 200 years ago. theking of the land wanted to wear a golden crown. he gave some gold to a goldsmith tomake a suitable crown. after few days, the goldsmith brought the finished crown to theking. the crown was weighed. t

2、he weight of the crown was equal to the gold given to the goldsmith by the king. the king looked at the color of the crown.he had a suspicion. the goldsmith could have stolen some gold from the gold given tohim. the king wanted to find out the truth. he asked his court scientist archimedes to find o

3、ut. the king said, “find out how much gold had been stolen?”how to find out the truth? archimedes thought about the problem day and night. oneday he was about to have his bath, but he was busy thinking. he did not notice thebathtub. the water in the bathtub was already full to the brim. he slid into

4、 the bathtub.immediately a large quantity of water flowed over the brim of the bath tub. he noticedthis suddenly. his brain wave worked suddenly. he jumped out of the bathtub, shouting, “eureka! eureka! eureka in greek means “i have found it.different metals of the same weight have different volumes

5、. objects, put in water, will displace water. the displaced water will be equal to their volume.for example, an iron cube weighing a kilogram will disperse some water. but an aluminums cube of the same weight will displace more water than the iron cube.archimedes knew all these theories. using this

6、as the basic knowledge, archimedes worked out a plan to find out the purity of the crown.archimedes took two bowls. he filled them with water to the brim. then he placedeach bowl separately in the middle of the large vessels. he placed the crown in onebowl. water overflowed. it collected at the bott

7、om of the outer vessel. then he took acube of pure gold. this cube of gold was equal in weight to the crown. he kept thisgold cube in the middle of the second bowl. here also water overflowed. water got collected at the bottom of the outer bowl.archimedes then measured the quantity of water in the t

8、wo vessels. he found out thedifference in the water overflow. the crown had sent out more water. the cube of goldhad sent out less water. but both the crown and the gold cube were of the same weight.so, they should have sent out the same quantity of water. therefore, the crown hadsome other metals m

9、ixed in it. these metals took up more space in the water than pure gold.archimedes reported this finding to the king. the king demanded the truth from thegoldsmith. the goldsmith then confessed. he had stolen some gold. he had added some other metals.question:what does the story of archimedes tell u

10、s? ( 理解主旨要义）a. it is science that counts.b. the king was foolish.c. the goldsmith was dishonest.d. some other metals took up more space than pure gold in the water.key: atips:本文描写了一个科技小故事，即阿基米德如何用科学的原理识别出国王那顶皇冠 被金匠给掺入了其它金属。这类推断主旨要义题，要学生排除以偏盖全的选项，即片面性的选项。passage sixfoolish imitationlong ago, a hawk l

11、ived on the top of a hill. at the foot of the hill there was a banyantree on which a crow used to perch everyday. the crow was very foolish. he would imitate everyone.the hawk atop the hill would fly down everyday in search of food. the crow watchedthe hawk circling in the air for long hours and swo

12、oping down when he saw his prey.the hawk gifted with eyes that could see long distances would spot his prey from the hill top and then fly down to pounce upon the prey.the crow watched the hawk thinking, “hunh! if the hawk can do that, i too can. wh at does he think? one day, i will show the hawk th

13、at i can do the same thing.”a few days later, as the hawk was circling in the air, the crow decided to do the same.suddenly a baby rabbit came out of the bushes. the hawk saw it and the crow too saw the rabbit.before the crow could move, the hawk swooped down, caught hold of the rabbit in hisstrong

14、sharp talons and flew away. “swoosh!” was all the crow heard as the hawkdisappeared in the sky with his prey. “hmmph! that is no great skill,”thought the crow, angrily.next moment he spotted a big fat mouse coming out of a hole. without wasting time, the crow swooped down. like the hawk he tried to

15、catch the mouse in his claws.but the mouse saw the crow and moved away, the crow crashed against the hill. “eeeaaa!” cried the crow in pain.just then the hawk came flying down. “i hope, now you know it is not easy to hunt and it is not easy to imitate, either,” said the hawk and flew away.thereafter

16、, the crow never imitated any one in its life. it lived happily with the god-given abilities.question:what do you learn from the above story? (做出推理和判断） a. its important to live happily.b. dont blindly imitate others.c. practice makes perfect.d. dont waste time.key: bpassage sevenl ouis pasteurl ary

17、had just returned from her school. she was thirsty. “mary, you can have a cupof milk,” called her mother. mary went into the dinning hall. “mummy, the milk isspoilt,” she cried out. her mother came in. “let me see. yes. this milk is spoilt, hermother said. she took out a sachet from the cupboard. “s

18、ee, mary, the milk in the sachet is alright,” she said. mary could not understand.the milk got from the milk vendor in the morning got spoilt. but the sachet got fromthe supermarket was still good. how is that? she asked her mother the reason for this.her mother explained, “the sachet milk is pasteu

19、rized. the milk got from the milk vendor is not pasteurized one.”“but what is the meaning of pasteurized,” asked mary. “ pasteurizing is a scientificmethod. fresh milk is boiled to a high degree. then it is cooled rapidly. in thisprocess the germs in the milk get killed. this was first done by louis

20、 pasteur. his name is given to this process.”who is louis pasteur? louis pasteur was a chemist. he was born in 1822 in a town infrance. his parents were not rich. but they gave him a good education. he secured adegree in science. his marks in chemistry were not high. but his interest in chemistry ma

21、de him continue his studies in chemistry. he spent lots of time in the laboratory. he was continually looking through amicroscope at the germs. his professor made a fun of him. “they are useless to man.you are wasting your time,” he said. but pasteur replied, “sir, the germs cause sickness. i must f

22、ind out which germs cause which disease?”“where do germs come from?” asked his professor.“sir, that i must find out” replied pasteur.and pasteur found out after a long and patient work. the germs are present in water,earth, dust and even in the air we breathe. these germs turn milk sour. milk is aca

23、rrier of germs. these germs can cause diseases like tuberculosis and typhoid. hemade many experiments. finally he found out the method to kill the germs in the milk.pasteur did not stop with milk. he continued his research. anthrax, diphtheria andrabies were terrible diseases. pasteur found out cert

24、ain vaccines. these vaccines can prevent and cure these terrible diseases.one day a mother brought her son, joseph, to pasteur. joseph had been bitten by amad dog. he had been fourteen wound all over his body. the dog had rabies. everyone felt sorry for the boy. they said, “the child is sure to die.

25、 even pasteur had no hopes. but he had decided to save the boy.pasteur had prepared a serum from a rabbit. the rabbit had died of rabies. he injectedthe serum into the boys body, at first small quantities. slowly, he increased thedosage. on the ninth day joseph showed improvement. he was out of dang

26、er. in threemonths time, joseph walked out of the hospital. he then became a perfectly healthychild. the year was 1885. many had been bitten by mad dogs. but no one had escaped death.since 1885, thousands of lives have been saved by anti-rabies treatment. the worldhas to thank louis pasteur. louis p

27、asteur is considered to be the greatest scientist of france, by the people of france.question:the author develops the passage mainly by _. 构）a. topicargumentb. opiniondiscussiona main ideacomparisonb examplesexplanation（理解文章的基本结key: dtips:文章的基本结构设问，最常见的提问方式是：how is the passage organized?which of the

28、 following best shows the structure of the passage?v 从段落组织方式上讲：常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构 ( 总 分；总 分 总；分总)、并列式结构等；v 从写作手法上定义(definition)分类说明(classification)列举例证(listing examples)对比(making comparison，contrast),过程，程序（process）“引用”（quote，quotation）v 从体裁上来看说明性体裁d escription.（描述）e xplanation（解释）discussion（讨论）议论性体裁现象

29、（phenomenon）分析（analysis）结论（conclusion），或现象（phenomenon）结论（conclusion）分析（analysis）观点论证类：put forward a question analyze the question solve the question 即“提出问题、分 析问题、解决问题”的过程passage eightg ood and evilg e pushed his wife to save himself from a sinking cruise ship. but the reality ispriceless. a cruise s

30、hip met with an accident at sea. on the ship was couple who, afterhaving made their way to the lifeboat, they realized that there was only space for oneleft. at this moment, the man pushed the woman behind him and jumped into thelifeboat himself. the lady stood on the sinking ship and shouted one se

31、ntence to her husband.the teacher stopped and asked, “what do you think she shouted?most of the students excitedly answer, “i hate you. i was blind.now the teacher noticed a boy silent throughout, she got him to answer and he replied, “teacher i believe, she would have shouted, take care of our chil

32、d.the teacher was surprised, asking, “have you heard this story before?the boy shook his head and said, “but, that is what my mom said to dad before she died to disease.the teacher lamented, “the answer is right.the cruise sunk. the man went home and brought up their daughter single-handedly.many ye

33、ars later after the death of the man, the daughter happened to read the diary of her father.it turns out that when the parents went on to the cruise ship, the mother was already diagnosed with terminal illness.at the critical moment, the father rushed to the only chance of survival.he wrote in his d

34、iary, “how i wished to sink to the bottom of the sea with you, but for the sake of our daughter, i can only let you live forever below the sea along.the story is finished. the class was silent.the teacher knows that the students have understood the moral of the story.that ofthe good and evil in the world, there are many complications which are hard tounderstand.which is why we should never focus only on the surface and judge other without