浙江省新高考英语写作学法指导

1、高考英语写作指导1、 应用文写作评分标准 总分15分，按5个档次给分。1. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。（先锁定档次，再具体给分）2. 词数少于60词和多余100的，从总分减去2分。3. 评分时，应注意的主要内容：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。4. 拼写和标点符号（切忌逗号不能连接两个完整的句子，要么用分号，要么用连词）是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。5. 如书写较差，以致影响评阅，将分数降低一个档次。（注意保证书面整洁，不要有太多乱涂乱画的痕迹。）档次 描

2、述第五档（13-15分） 完全覆盖了试题规定的任务；覆盖所有要点；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用复杂语法结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言能力；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；完全达到了预期的写作目的。第四档（10-12分） 完全完成了试题规定的任务；虽漏掉了1-2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求；语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，有些许错误主要因尝试使用较复杂语法结构或词汇所致；应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档（7-9分） 基本完成了试题规定的任务；虽漏掉一些

3、内容，但覆盖所有内容；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求；有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解；全文内容连贯，整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。 写作步骤（1） 仔细审题，明确写作要求。那审题需要审什么？ 一审文体要求。了解题目要求写作的文体是应用文之书信、通知，演讲稿等。熟悉文体后即可确定全篇的写作格式与写作风格及段落结构之间的逻辑关系等。 二审人称与时态。浏览题干要求后明确全文写作时态和人称，行文中做到两条主线贯穿始终：上下文人称统一，时态前后照应。 三审要点。审题时弄清文章要点，各要点之间有什么联系。（2） 简单列出提纲，构建写作框架。根据文章要求，简单地想一想文章怎么构建，

4、一些要点应该怎么表达，如句型、句式、词汇等。（3） 胸中有话，动手开篇成文。成文过程中设想一下平时学过的比较高级词汇和句型，如定语从句、状语从句、主语从句等。对于句型和词汇，有把握就用起来，没把握为了保险期间可以选择不用。（4） 细心通读，反复核查。要点是否遗漏、句子之间的衔接和过渡是否自然（多用连词，但是要明确句子间的关系，不要出现误用）语言是否得体，有无语法、拼写、表达错误。不要写几个词，点一下，切忌，在英文中一点就代表一个句号，这样会影响书面整洁。2、 读后续写评分标准 总分25分，按5个档次给分。评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次

5、，最后给分。（先锁定档次，再具体给分）词数少于130词的，从总分减去2分。评分时，应注意从以下四个方面考虑。（1） 与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；（2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；（4）上下文的连贯性另外，拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑；如书写较差，以致影响评阅，将分数降低一个档次。档次 描述第五档（21-25分） 与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理；内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语；所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有一些错误，但完全不影响意义的表达；有效地使用

6、了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。第四档（16-20分） 与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理；内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语；所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有一些错误，但完全不影响意义的表达；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。第三档（11-15分） 与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接；写出了若干有关的内容，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语；应用的语法结构和词汇能够满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义的表达；应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。考查特点：（1）把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力（需

7、要了解给定短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来）（2）语言运用的准确性和丰富性（期望学生在词汇和语言结构的使用方面准确、恰当，能够根据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构）（3）对语篇结构的把控能力（考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的掌握情况，希望学生续写的短文语句连贯、有序）（4）创造性的思维能力（这是对考生续写短文内容的高层次评价，期望学生续写的短文具有较丰富的内容。）题型特点：（1） 续写不是随心所欲，是要在引导语和提示词的帮助下完成续写部分，在某种程度上引导你的思路向哪方面发展。 特别是第一段最后一句很重要，起着过渡作用，需要仔细推敲琢磨，如何有效得体地与第

8、二段开头语衔接上。（2） 续写短文多以记叙文、故事类文章或夹叙夹议文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事线索的逻辑性比较强。这样学生能够根据提示词语，顺着文章原来的思路续写，并适当发散。（3） 续写要求读写并重。与阅读理解一样，续写同样需要对本篇文章精确理解，这样续写部分才不至于偏离主题，就这方面而言有点类似阅读题中对文章后续发展的推断，如what would happen next? （4） 所给文章的未完成部分的思路和内容并不一定是唯一的，考生可以根据自己对文章的理解，从而在符合逻辑的情况对文章有不同的诠释。写作步骤（1） 精读文章，确定文章线索 每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过

9、精读文章，找出改篇文章的写作线索，如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生“顺藤摸瓜（结尾）”。 （2） 仔细审题，明确续写要求 一般短文后面的“注意”都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样可以做到心中有素。（3） 回扣原文，揣摩续写思路 根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。 （4） 拟写草稿，修改错句病句 在确定了思路和内容后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中有下划线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，要注意句子结构的多样性、语言的丰富性

10、，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。（5） 标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语 这一点可以帮助考生自己坚持关键词的使用情况。三个联系 记叙文 关键下划线词与创作句之间是否有联系 说明文 关键提示句与文章核心是否有联系 议论文 关键提示观点之间的并列或递进关系是否有联系高分技巧 三种表现 故事高潮 情节设计巧妙布局是否具有表现力 语言基本功 句式构建及高级运用是否具有表现力 卷面整洁度 卷面与字体的美观化是否具有表现力3、 概要写作评分标准 总分25分，按5个档次给分。评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给

11、分。（先锁定档次，再具体给分）词数少于40词的或多余80词的，从总分减去2分。评分时，应注意从以下四个方面考虑。（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况另外，拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑；如书写较差，以致影响评阅，将分数降低一个档次。档次 描述第五档（21-25分） 理解准确，涵盖全部要点；能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；完全使用自己的语言。 第四档（16-20分） 理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点；所使用的语法结构和词

12、汇可能有些错误，但完全不影响意义的表达；比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；有个别整句抄自原文。 第三档（11-15分） 理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点；所使用的语法结构和词汇的错误，影响了意义的表达；较少使用语句间的连接成分，使上下文内容连贯；出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。考查特点：概要写作属于限制性写作。主要考查学生凝缩大段阅读文字的概括能力，如考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力。同时，考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。写作步骤：（1） 细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章的主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。（2） 弄清

13、要求。新高考的概要写作是全文概要，不是写某一部分地概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。（3） 列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。注意事项：（1） 概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。（2） 安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。（3） 注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯穿全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。（4） 不排斥用原文的某些语句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文的

14、句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。（5） 计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。应对方法：（1） 速读语言材料，即弄清文章体裁、明确文章主旨大意，采集分层信息点。（2） 弄清文章寓意，即采用适当的词法、句法等语言知识确定写作任务的点睛句，拔高表达层次。（3） 整合分层信息，即采用构词法、上下文措辞技巧对文章信息整合再造，分层概括表述。（4） 牢记词数要求，即明确写作词数的上下限、采用高级或精简句式浓缩多信息点于一句中，高度概括文章所给的内容。（5） 运用已有的知识经验，即弄清写作任务中的人称和时态，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力，让语言真正为交流服务。高分技巧：（1）

15、 速读归纳中心。who, what, how（2） 提炼分层要点。点睛句式概括；具体信息概括；相异要点概括（3） 经验成绩辉煌。好词汇，概括性词汇；总结性词汇；构词法扩展；逻辑承接词。好句式，地道句式短语；精炼句中句；非谓语动词短语（4） 切忌摘要原句。同义异构；整合再造。下面就应用文、续写和概要我分别找了一篇文章，可以先自己思考一下，然后动手写一下。每篇文章后附有其他学生的写作例文，还有我给出的修改意见和提供的参考范文。针对别人的例文，你可以对照一下自己是否有类似的不足之处，如有，在写作中尤其要注意起来，特别是书写和标点方面。至于我给出的修改意见，有些地方也是你需要改进的地方，在写作过程中一

16、定要记得自己的不足之处，需要改进的地方一定要注意起来。最后，提供的参考范文，看看哪些用词、表达、句型，比较容易掌握，可以学习一下。 假如你是某校高三（3）班学生李越。新学期就要开始了，你打算给你的外教David 写封信，主要内容包括： 1. 感谢他的付出； 2. 评价他的教学； 3. 提出新的建议。注意： 1. 词数80左右，开头已为你写好； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear David,Im Li Yue, one of your students from Class Three, Grade Three. _ Looking forward to seeing you soo

17、n. Yours sincerely, Li Yue阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son. Suddenly a crow（乌鸦）perched（栖息）on their window.The father asked his son, “What is this?” The son replied, “It is a crow.”After a few minutes,

18、 the father asked his son for the second time, “What is this?” The son said, “Father, I have just now told you, its a crow!”After a little while, the old father again asked his son for the third time, “What is this?”At this time some expression of irritation（恼怒）was felt in the sons tone when he said

19、 to his father with a rebuff（生硬回绝）. “Its a crow, a crow.” A little while later, the father again asked his son the fourth time, “What is this?”This time, the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again, although I have told you so many times IT IS A CROW.

20、Are you not able to understand this?”A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered（发皱的）diary, which he had maintained since his son was born.On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page.When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:“Toda

21、y my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I did not at all feel irritated but I rather f

22、elt affection for my innocent son.注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 After reading the diary, Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。One of the toughest things about being a high schoo

23、l student is that you never seem to get enough sleep at night, which often leaves you nodding during classes. Spending either less than six or more than nine hours in sleeping puts your health at risk.A popular solution to a lack of sleep at night is to take a power nap（小睡）”during the day, but does

24、this work? Generally speaking, it can be beneficial. Research shows that a nap in the day - even a brief one as short as ten minutescan clear your mind and leave you with increased energy and improved productivity.Here are some things you need to know to nap correctly. To start with, every time you

25、doze （打瞌睡）during the day does not count as a power nap. The best time to take a power nap is in the mid-afternoon, when your energy level tends to decrease. Try to avoid naps after 4pm, for sleeping too late in the day can make it harder to fall asleep at night.How long should a power nap be? Grabbi

26、ng 10-30 minutes of rest is usually best for a middle-of-the-day nap. You are not really getting established sleep if you nod for only five minutes.However, napping more than 40 minutes can leave you feeling sleepier than when you start. And youll have to go through the whole waking-up process after

27、 you go into the deeper stage of sleep.However, as refreshing as it might be, if you are getting adequate sleep at night, taking a power nap isnt such a wise choice. The reason is that sleeping during the day can interfere with(妫碍)your bodys biorhythms（生理节奏）. The brain gets used to going to bed at r

28、oughly the same time each night and getting up at the same time each day, and you dont want to disturb this routine.应用文 学生例文Dear David, Im Li Yue, one of your students from Class Three, Grade Three. The new term will began soon. At first, I want to thank you for your teaching. I think your class is

29、exciting and wondful. Because in you class I can learn something which is your exprence of teaching English. Its useful to me to learn English well. At the disadvantage, I think you can give us more trianing. Looking forward to seeing you soon. Yours sincerely, Li Yue评语：要点齐全，值得肯定。但是句式表达单一，也无高级词汇，存在不

30、少语法和拼写错误，有些句子语言表达欠妥当，最后一句表达问题很大，总体档次为第三档，得7分。第一句 The new term will began soon. began-begin，will动词原形，begin的原形不知道。第二句 At first, I want to thank you for your teaching. 这句没问题，但是表达太简单，可以稍复杂点。At first, I would like to take this chance/opportunity to extend my heartfelt thanks to your excellent teaching. 另

31、外，首先还有其他比较不错的表达，in the first place, first of all, first and foremost, to begin with/ to start with 这里我还把want to 改成would like，不是说want to 不可以，而是从语气上来说，would like更能表现出我对外教的感激之情。第三句 I think your class is exciting and wondful. 第一，think这个词实在太低级了，要表达我认为，简单点可以 I hold/believe/suppose/argue/maintain，如果怕字数不够，可

32、以用for my part, as far as Im concerned, as far as I know/see, from my perspective, from the point of my view 第二，wondful，拼写错误，应该是wonderful第四句，Because in you class I can learn something which is your exprence of teaching English. 这句话明显严重受中文思维影响，如果要表达了解有关你的英语教学经验，可以这么说，Because in your class, I can learn

33、 a lot about your experience of teaching English. 另外，you应该是your，形容词修饰后面的名词，exprence拼写错误。第五句，Its useful to me to learn English well. 第一个to应该改成for，这是一个基本句型。最后一句，At the disadvantage, I think you can give us more trianing. 什么叫做at the disadvantage？我知道你想表达在缺点方面，暂且不管你这个表达正确与否，这是一封学生写给老师的信，直接指出老师的缺点是不是欠妥当，显

34、得不够礼貌。再者，give us more trianing. 这个短语表达太简单，信息量不足，最好写清楚是什么方面的训练，比如more training in spoken English，诸如此类。最后，training拼写错误。那这句话，可以这么说，Besides/Furthermore/Eventually/Finally/Eventually, it couldnt be better if you can give us more training in spoken English. 这样语气上非常委婉，再用一个连词，可以表示此外，也可以是最后，最好不用however, but之

35、类，显得语气太强硬。参考范文Dear David, Im Li Yue, one of your students from Class Three, Grade Three. With the new term approaching, we cant wait to have you as our teacher again. Firstly, Id like to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your hard work. Your lively class and humorous style have impressed us

36、a lot. We all think highly of your job. Furthermore, we really appreciate your devotion and patience. However, in the coming year, would you mind talking more about English culture and having us practice speaking English more? Looking forward to seeing you soon. Yours sincerely, Li Yue点评第一句，With the

37、 new term approaching, we cant wait to have you as our teacher again. with的复合结构，是一个很好的句型，如果会用，可以用起来，with后面可以加非谓语的三种基本形式doing/to do/doneWith a lot of homework to do, I have to stay at home.With my homework finished/done, I am ready to go shopping with my mother. 后半句，we cant wait . we就比I好很多，在表达上更具代表性，

38、前面讲解部分提到应用文要注意审时态和人称。第二句，Firstly, Id like to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your hard work. would like用的很地道heartfelt gratitude表达比较高级第三句，Your lively class and humorous style have impressed us a lot. impress sb给某人留下深刻印象，用的不错，或者也可以是Your lively class and humorous style have left a deep/profou

39、nd impression on us.Furthermore, we really appreciate your devotion and patience. 这句的appreciate用词比较不错 最后一句，However, in the coming year, would you mind talking more about English culture and having us practice speaking English more? would mind语气很委婉，符合学生给老师提建议的口吻。续写学生例文 After reading the diary, the so

40、n was shocked by the diary. And he couldnt say any word to his father. His father looked at him and said “ long years ago, I teach you speak and any other things. Its my work to make you grow up. When you are small and young, you always are the most improtant thing to me and your mother. We love you

41、 all time. As you age is biger and biger, you are more far to us. Its all right to me about your attitude to me. But I want you know I am your father, you should remember my love to you”. The son was in deep think when his father ended the words. Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before

42、 his father. He said to his father “ oh, . I just, I shouldnt say to you in irritation. When you ask me the same question, I just feel annoyed. And I dont remember what you did for me. In that pape, I just see this. So I want to say sorry to you. And I should thank you for your care”. The fathers fa

43、ce became happyness. He said “my son, it just I want to tell you, and you got it.”评语：首先拿到这篇续写，根据提供的段首句结合文章的阅读，我们可以推测出续写的大致情节。第一段，读了日记之后，儿子应该回忆起小时候的事情，联想到父亲不厌其烦的教导。第二段，儿子感到很惭愧，想到自己今天对父亲的所作所为势必要要向父亲道歉，乞求原谅。所以续写的大致方面不能偏离，具体情节表达上可以有自己的发散。这篇续写的大致内容和方向符合情节的发展，至少没有出现离题的情况。但是语言表达上问题很多，每一段中有一半以上的篇幅的句子存在很大的问题

44、，而且句子结构基本都是直接中译，不符合我们一般的英文表达习惯，即便没有出现离题，但是依然无法给到及格分。所以，语言表达很重要啊！本文最后得分12。修改建议：His father looked at him and said “ long years ago, I teach you speak and any other things. 很多年以前，many years agoIts my work to make you grow up. Its my duty to help you grow up.When you are small and young, you always are

45、the most improtant thing to me and your mother. 改为When you are young, you are always important to me and your mother.As you age is biger and biger, you are more far to us. As you become older and older, it seems that we are not close to each other any more.Its all right to me about your attitude to

46、me. 这句话表达太中式，索性删掉。But I want you know I am your father, you should remember my love to you”. But I want to tell you that I love you so much.The son was in deep think when his father ended the words. The son soon burst into tear on hearing what his father said to him.In that pape, I just see this. Wh

47、en I see this paper, I feel rather ashamed.And I should thank you for your care. And I should express my deepest thanks to you for your care throughout my childhood.The fathers face became happyness. Then the father forgave his son and finally they hugged each other.范文After reading the diary,thesonw

48、as filled with tears and began to reflect on the days when he used to sit together with hisfather. His father would patiently answerthe same questionall 23timeswithout feelingirritationwhile his father asked him the same question just four times! The son thought to himself: If I attain old age, how

49、will my son look at me? Will he think of me as a burden? Will he shout at me because of my poor sight, poor hearing or poor understanding?Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father.He made an apology to his father, begging his father to forgive him for his bad behavior. He said

50、 this aloud, “I promise to see you happy forever, Dad. It is you who have cared for me ever since I was a little child, showering your selflessaffectionon me. You worked hard to make money so that I could afford to go to university. I will serve you in the best day.”点评：整篇文章构思合理，符合文章发展脉络。关键词在5个以上。比较不

51、错的词汇有reflect, feel irritation, attain, make an apology, beg sb for sth, affection. 另外第一段最后三个反问句是儿子的设想，在读信后的反应符合情理，一连串的范文和第二段的段首句进行很好地衔接。概要写作学生例文Many people will take a nap during the day. Then do you know how to take a power nap correctly? Firstly, the right time should be in the mid-afternoon. Secondly, it usually lasts 10-30 minutes. But, it is not a must if you have slept enough at night.评语：本文要点齐全，值得肯定。不过部分要点表述过于简单，句式句型单一，没有亮点。总体是在及格档次，得15分。修改建议：Many people will take a nap during the day. 这个要点是在