关 键 词：

基于 hdpepvc 塑料 管材 切割机 结构设计 PDF 图纸 CAD 制图 文档

资源描述：

喜欢这套资料就充值下载吧。。。资源目录里展示的都可预览。。。下载后都有，，请放心下载，，文件全都包含在内，，【下载后加 QQ:1064457796或1304139763,免费领CAD格式图纸】

内容简介：

毕业设计（论文）任务书 机电工程 学院 机械设计制造及自动化 专业设计（论文）题目 基于HDPE/PVC塑料管材无屑切割机结构设计 学 生 姓 名 班 级 起 止 日 期 指 导 教 师 教研室主任 发任务书日期 1.毕业设计的背景： 无屑切割机用于管材的定长切割，无屑切割机具有切割，倒角功能，它主要和塑料挤出机配套使用，使用于各种大中口径的管材的切割，具有切割效果好，自动化程度高，断面光滑, 节约制品的原料,有利于制品与相应管件的接插, 对制品的切割可在生产线上随时同步进行，也可不在生产线上随时取样切割,切割过程平稳、无噪声。2.毕业设计(论文)的内容和要求： 无屑切割机在切割程中机架上的移动锯台可以沿着挤出方向移动，并保持与管材的同步，通过v带实现同步。通过对国内外塑料管材机械生产线的研究分析，确定了无屑切割机做为本课题的主要设计内容：带传动机构、切割机构、夹紧机构、切屑工作台移动导轨、机架设计等。3.主要参考文献： 1 汪发兵，上海金纬管道设备公司WXQG-75使用说明书，2005 2 贾甬祥，液压气动技术手册北京：机械工业出版社，20033理论力学，哈工大理论力学教研室编，高等教育出版社，2002 4 单丽云、强颖怀、张亚非主编，工程材料，中国矿业大学出版社，20025材料力学，刘鸿文主编，高等教育出版社，20026 朱荆璞，张德惠. 机械上程材料学M. 机械工业出版社.20017 中国机械设计大典编委会.中国机械设计大典 M；南昌江西科学技术出版社 2001.18 中国机械设计大典编委会. 中国机械设计大典 M；南昌江西科学技术出版社2001.19 互换性与技术测量，谢铁邦主编，华中科技大学出版社，199810 赵元祥，现代机械设备设计手册（2）.北京：机械工业出版社，1996 11 黄鹤汀、俞光 金属切削机床设计 M；上海上海科学技术文献出版社 1986.712 Mhrubaj, M.G, UJsoy.A.G,Y.Koren.Reconfiguarable Manufacturing Systems: Key to Future Manufacturing. Journal of Interlligent Manufacturing ,2005,(11):4.3-40913 J. Chen, J. Yuan, and J. Ni Thermal error modelling for real-time error ompensation Int. J. Adv.Manuf. Technol. 12, 266275 1996.4.毕业设计(论文)进度计划(以周为单位)：起 止 日 期工 作 内 容备 注第一周第二周第三周第四周第五周第六周第七周第八周第九周第十周第十一周第十二周第十三周第十四周布置毕业设计题目，进行毕业设计调研（实习）。布置毕业设计题目，进行毕业设计调研（实习）。收集相关资料。完成开题报告。初步构设各种方案。对设计方案进行修改，确定设计方案。计算确定各零件基本尺寸计算确定各零件基本尺寸完成装配图草图的绘制绘制总装配图绘制总装配图绘制零件图绘制零件图翻译英文资料编写设计说明书。教研室审查意见： 室主任 年 月 日学院审查意见： 教学院长 年 月 日附录附录1：英文原文Ultraprecisio processing,andultra-high-speed processing technologies First, Technical overview Sophisticated, ultra-precision processing is a relative concept but as a general increase in the level of craftsmanship, different divisions have different age limits, but no strict uniform standards. From the current level of mechanical processing technology and ultra precision processing usually processing precision0.3m ， Surface roughness Ra value0.03m. Hypervelocity processing technology refers to the cutlery used paint materials through greatly increased cutting speed and chin to improve the material removal rate of speed, accuracy and Processing processing quality modern processing technology. Hypervelocity scope for cutting speed processing different working materials, different ways and different machines. Currently, the general view, ultra high speed machining of the cutting speed range of materials : aluminum alloy over 1600m /min, cast iron for 1500m /min, ultra heat -300m /min nickel alloys, titanium alloys to 150 1000m /min, fibre reinforced plastics for 2000 9000m /min. The cutting speed range of alternative processes for Chexue 700 7000m /min, Xianxiao 300 6000m /min, drilling 200 1100m /min, grinding 250m /s above, and so on. Ultra high speed processing technologies include : ultra high speed machining and grinding research mechanisms, hypervelocity main modules manufacturing technology, ultra high speed into the module manufacturing technology, ultra high-speed processing with cutlery and abrasive manufacturing technology, ultra high speed processing online automatic detection and control technologies. Ultra precision processing refers to the current processing components size precision than 0.1m, the surface roughness Ra 0.025 m, and the machine tools used in the resolution positioning accuracy and repetitive than 0.01m processing technology, also known as the Asian micrometres processing technology, and is to nano-class processing technology development. Ultra precision processing technology include : ultra precision processing experiment, ultra precision processing equipment manufacturing technology research, tools and Renmo super precision processing technology research, technology and ultra-precision measurement error compensation technology research, ultra precision processing work study environmental conditions. Second, the current situation and development trend 1）Ultra high speed processing Developed ultra-high-speed processing of industrial research earlier, the high level. In this technology, in a leading position in the country mainly Germany , Japan , the United States , Italy . In hypervelocity processing technology, the frame material to achieve ultra high speed processing tool is the prerequisite and preconditions, ultra high speed grinding machine technology is a modern method of hypervelocity processing techniques, and high-speed digital machine tools and processing center is the key to achieving ultra-high-speed processing equipment. Currently, cutlery materials from carbon steel and alloy tool steel, the high-speed steel, hard alloy steel, ceramic materials, the development of artificial diamonds and Jujing diamond (PCD), and Ju Jing cubic feet Danhuapeng Danhuapeng (CBN). Cutting speed is as innovative materials and cutlery from the former 12m /min to 1200m /min above. Abrasive Wheels materials used in the past primarily corundum is, silicon carbide is, the United States G. E companies in the 1950s, synthetic diamonds success, the 1960s was the first success CBN. 1990s ceramic or resin combination agents CBN grinding wheel, diamond grinding wheel speed up 125m /s lines, some up to 150m /s and single-level electroplating CBN grinding wheel to 250m /s. It was felt that with the new cutlery (Saint), the continuous development of materials, cutting speed to be doubled every decade, the emergence of subsonic and supersonic processing will not be too far off. In hypervelocity cutting technology, developed in 1976 by a U.S. company Vought Taiwan hypervelocity milling machine, the maximum rotational speed of 20000rpm reached. Special attention is the Federal University of production engineering and machine tools industry Darmstadt Institute (PTW) from 1978 began a systematic study of hypervelocity alternative mechanisms for the various metals and non-metallic materials for high-speed machining tests Federal dozens of enterprises and organizations provided more than 2,000 million DM in support of the study, since the late 1980s, since the commercialization of emerging ultra-high-speed machining machine tools, super-high-speed machine tools from a single super high-speed milling machine into hypervelocity vehicles milling machine, drilling of high-speed milling machine and processing centres. Switzerland , the United Kingdom , Japan has launched its ultra high speed machine tools. Japan Hitachi smart machines HG400III maximum rotational speed of the speech-processing center 36000 40000r/min, workstations rapid mobile speed 36 40m /min. Using linear electrical U.S.-based high-speed processing HVM800 Ingersoll companies to move into the center for 60m /min speed. In high-speed and ultra-high-speed grinding technology, people developed high-speed, ultra high speed grinding, deep relief for grinding into, deep into the fast grinding (HEDG), multi-piece grinding wheel and multi-grinding wheel-grinding, and many other high-speed efficient grinding, high-speed efficient grinding technology in the past 20 years has been considerable development and application. Germany Guehring Automation Company in 1983 created the first time the worlds most powerful 60kw Taiwan Firm CBN grinding wheel grinder, versus reach 140 160m /s. A German enjoy Industrial University, the University of Bremen in high-skills research achieved world-recognized achievements, and actively in the aluminum alloy, titanium alloys, nickel alloys, and other difficult for recreational materials for the efficient processing of deep research skills. German Bosch company processing applications CBN grinding wheel speed grinding wheel Chixing using hypervelocity grinding electroplating CBN grinding wheel to replace the original roll teeth and shaving teeth processing techniques, and materials processing 16MnCr5 gear Chixing, Vs= 155m /s its reach 811mm 3 /mm.s Q, German companies use high-speed Kapp deep processing lumber mill parts Shencao, working materials for 100Cr6 bearing steel, using electroplating CBN grinding wheel, reached 300m /s versus the Q= 140mm 3 /mm.s, grinding processing, the leaves will quench pump rotors a Zhuangjia 10, a meticulous rotor shafts, grinding, her chin to speed 1.2m /min average processing time within 10 seconds of each rotor, Caokuan accuracy assured in two 16ug m, a grinding wheel chain 1,300 working. Currently, the Japanese industry has 200m /s practical grinding pace, the United States Conneticut University grinding Research Center , 1996 its intention Bamboo high-speed grinder, the grinding wheel grinding maximum speed of 250m /s. 2） Ultra precision processing Ultra precision processing technology in the leading position internationally in the countries the United States , Britain and Japan . These countries not only ultra-precision processing technology sets the overall high level, but also a very high degree of commercialization. The United States is conducting the first study ultra-precision processing technology, and so far its leading position in the world countries. Back in the 1950s, because of space needs in the development of sophisticated technology, the United States developed the first ultra-precision machining diamond cutlery technology called SPDT technology (Single Point Diamond Turning), or micro-inch technology (1 micro-inch =0.025m) and the development of corresponding ultra-precision air bearing spindle machine tools. For processing laser nuclear fusion reflection mirror, and tactical missiles and manned spacecraft with large spherical non-spherical parts, and so on. If the United States LLL Y-12 factories and laboratories in support of the United States Department of Energy in July 1983 successfully developed large ultra-precision diamond lathe DTM-3 type, the machine tool chain largest parts 2100mm , weight 4500kg laser nuclear fusion using a mirror reflection of the various metals, using infrared devices spare parts, large celestial telescopes (including X-ray celestial telescopes). The processing precision machine tools to shape error to reach 28nm (radius), Yuan degrees and horizontal degrees of 12.5nm, surface roughness for Ra4.2nm processing. The Machine Tool Laboratory in 1984 with the development of ultra-precision lathe, a large Lodtm is now recognized in the world the highest level of technology, precision highest-precision lathe large diamonds. In ultra-precision processing technology, the British Cranfield Institute of Technology belongs Cranfield Precision Engineering Institute (short for CUPE) enjoy higher prestige, it is the worlds precision engineering research centres, the British super-precision processing technology unique. If CUPE production Nanocentre (nanometer processing center) for ultra-sophisticated Chexue can also carry Motou can conduct ultra precision grinding, precision processing final shape up 0.1m, the surface roughness Ra Crystal Mirror processing methods usually used grinding, grinding pace of the V=25 35m /s, Cumo, t=0.02 0.07mm , Jingmo, t=3 10m; When the oil stone, left, V=10 50m /min, material removal rate to 0.1m 1m/min. Ultra-precision grinding may reach 0.01m 0.002m Ra Yuan degrees and the surface roughness. Spherical mirror research, and he requested a study be maintained in the processing of surface upward law, there are two guaranteed ways : First, through the Site (1) positioning itself since the body to reach; Second, through the use of digital systems for ground first (2) in favor of one Kok to achieve. Spherical mirror of himself behind in the use of laser processing law is the establishment of interference device (4) surface (3) measurement error basis. Measurement, laser interference device along the X and Y coordinates of movement in one direction or along X,Y movement and workstations (5) rotation, the mirror errors measurements were recorded in analog or digital volume of memory devices, and then proceed to deal with. According to the directive from digital systems Motou (the Site) was marked by the movement of a given face the greatest error and bias Department finds inter materials. After the surface was re-testing and duplication processes. It was so gradual convergence in the way of achieving the required face precision. Graphic processing is the mirror of the main methods used for grinding and processing techniques behind the current bill could have reached the highest level degrees 3）Physical processing of France There are many methods of physical processing, which was the most widespread application is Feb abrasive polishing and ion beams surface processing. The former is the essence of the electrolytic processes resulting from the oxidation and left by the abrasive material removed from the surface to be processed was the mirror; After firing on ion generator which is the ion beams on the surface. In addition to the above methods, there are other ultra-sophisticated composite processing methods, such as electric spark shape processed and then used fluid polishing law, electrochemical polishing law, ultrasonic chemical polishing law, power equipment suspended law, law and the use of magnetic fluid grinding Elid grinding technology law. Elid technology used optical glass processing non-spherical lenses, face up to 0.2m accuracy, surface roughness is reached Ra=20nm. Thrid,Super-precision processing machine tool design and manufacture Ultra precision processing machine tool design and manufacture of key and core issue is that super-precision machining and objectives. Thus, the super-precision processing machine tool design and manufacture of the basic principles and requirements are : to eliminate or reduce the sources of heat and Zhenyuan machine tools; Improve the structure of rigidity and geometric precision machine tools; Reduce the deformation machine tools (including temperature deformation and strength deformation) of the impact of precision machine tools for processing. To achieve these basic principles and requirements, ultra precision processing machine tool design, some of the principles often take measures : The first is to be made or used friction heat large transmission devices (such as mechanical Mojitiaosu devices), and the process of heat large sources of heat (such as electrical, cooling lubricants boxes, etc.) and structural separation or machine tools identity insulation to avoid heat from the structure of the machine tool machine tools identity caused hot deformation. Choice of hot and heat conduction rate coefficient alpha coefficient of the material for low value of machine tool important parts materials. Meanwhile, it should be used as thermal physical properties to the same or similar materials in the manufacture of machine tool components and spare parts. Components designed to heat symmetrical structure, but should consider forced air or liquid cooling and set aside corresponding coolant flow cycle routes. When cooling in the size range 200mm 1500mm , wind flow should be (3 10) m 3 /s or liquid flux for (1 10) L/s, thereby maintaining separate temperature fluctuations 0.05C and 0.02C meridian east. Service to individual strong sources of heat (such as main bearings) arising from the heat and, if necessary, be devoted to the thermal control away. Ultra precision processing machine tools not only to consider the installation and work in constant temperature room, but in a very high-precision requirements, should be considered in the temperature control machine tools 0.01C meridian east of the oil shower thermostatic box, the machine tool must be fully automated process or remotely, it was not at the scene, to avoid human activity and temperature conditions impact on the environment. In order to avoid vibration impact processing accuracy, in addition to the installation of machine tools in the air supports, spring-loaded supports or other effective Gezhen device supports the foundations, the machine tool rotary movement of a motion to strictly, the volume of residual imbalance to be smaller than 0.5 1g .mm. At the same time, in order to eliminate and reduce machine tool itself Zhenyuan, a campaign to try to smooth the drivetrain system, such as non-contact pneumatic and liquid transmission, or to avoid using an impact on the transmission, if the gap for the institutions. Zhenyuan vibration frequencies through adjustments (such as changes in rotational speed), or through the quality of machine tool technology systems and spring-loaded cut for the choice of parameters to the vibration frequencies and Zhenyuan machine tool technology systems inherent frequency away from each other, avoid resonance zone, and reduce the impact of vibration on the machine tool. Choice of a high Zunijishuo materials such as natural marble, artificial marble, ceramic, or using the double wall unclear sand cast iron pieces as the structure of machine tools to ensure a high degree of internal decay and external from the vibration, because vibration decay results in direct ratio Zunijishuo (decay index). Under normal conditions, the decay index for 0.006 0.008 cast iron, and the degradation of natural marble and artificial marble index respectively 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08; unclear sand and the double wall of the metal structure can greatly increase damping, and thus greatly enhance decay vibration effects. The main components of the design is a key indicator of rotation accuracy and rigidity, for the priority use of a low noise temperature axis of electrical or electromagnetic torque and through the membrane and the couplings connected with the main axis of a driven, since the main bearings are used with the functional positioning liquid static pressure spherical bearings structures. The main structure in this precision (radial and axial beating) to 0.01m. When the pressure of work for 0.3MPa 0.6MPa, bearings average cut for 200N 400N/m, liquid static pressure bearings and 600N 1000N/m. But for the sake of not more than 0.05 m line beating, oil pressure fluctuations should not be greater than the value of 0.01 MPa, fluctuations should not be larger than 0.05C Into the design to the transmission main requirements are : to ensure effective compensation for the error dynamic precision; 5nm the minimum achievable pulse displacement; After the introduction of amendments to the system of 2nm high positioning accuracy. To this end, the choice to run into the following manner : Gunzhusigang deputy. Characterized by rigidity large, achievable incremental shift to 100nm (0.1m). Friction transmission. Transmission cut to 50N 100N/m, pull-100N, achievable incremental movement to 5nm. Deficiency is the low life expectancy, lack of flexibility. (a) transmission. Only suitable for use in computerized bed. Piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transmission. Movement of less than 5nm can, but the general itinerary of a small, only 100 200m, the majority of cases it is with other transmission methods (such as Gunzhusigang Deputy) portfolio. Since the positioning of static pressure Sigang deputy. Chixing Kok characterized as small (only 10 meridian east), the cut large (up to 100N 1000N/m) and can achieve modest incremental displacement. Youwen shortcomings is the guarantee of stability and hydraulic systems more complex. Incremental-hydrauli ctransmission.Cut up 600N/m,80nm displacement incremental, but oil complex systems. Electromagnetic Sigang Deputy transmission. It is a rare material from the magnetic Tu Sigang mixture of the nut with a coil interaction to achieve transmission. Achievable modest incremental displacement, but cut too low, only 10N/m. Guide design. Guide is ultra precision processing machine tools, to ensure the realization of sophisticated trace into one of the important elements that have multiple choices, but is most widely used in liquid static pressure guide and guide. The former cut to 6KN 8KN/m and 0.02m 0.04m accuracy guarantee displacement 1m/ 400mm itinerary; For the latter cut 1KN 2KN/m, when gas membrane thickness for 4m 8m, and liquid static pressure guide can guarantee the same displacement precision. Static pressure of the liquid and Qguide may be as high as 0.02m/ 100mm linear. In the overall layout design, ultra-precision machine tool processing structure shall be divided into parts and bearing measurement. At this time, the precision machine tools can achieve largely depends on the validity of measurement systems. Therefore, generally using laser interference devices such as high-precision, high-resolution instruments for measuring devices, and installed in separate supports the measurement framework, and not only the installation of measuring devices, Abeche principles to be observed in a broader understanding, but also to comply with the principles of Abeche. Abeche principles, to be close to the knife point measurement axis, in order to eliminate the possibility of error by lever principles enlarged. From this standpoint, guide and measuring devices should be located at the same level ground, carrying system in the machine tool to cut and avoid the use of air-shen not constant element. 中文翻译 超精密加工与超高速加工技术 一.技术概述 精密、超精密加工是个相对概念，而且随着工艺水平的普遍提高，不同年代有着不同的划分界限，但并无严格统一的标准。从目前机械加工的工艺水平来看，超精密加工一般指加工精度0.3m ，表面粗糙度 Ra 值0.03m 的加工。同时也包含加工尺寸在微米级的微细加工。 超高速加工技术是指采用超硬材料的刃具，通过极大地提高切削速度和进给速度来提高材料切除率、加工精度和加工质量的现代加工技术。 超高速加工的切削速度范围因不同的工件材料、不同的切削方式而异。目前，一般认为，超高速切削各种材料的切速范围为：铝合金已超过 1600m /min ，铸铁为 1500m /min ，超耐热镍合金达 300m/min ，钛合金1501000m/min ，纤维增强塑料为 2000 9000m/min 。各种切削工艺的切速范围为：车削700 7000m/min ，铣削 300 6000m/min ，钻削2001100m/min ，磨削250m /s以上等等。 超高速加工技术主要包括：超高速切削与磨削机理研究，超高速主轴单元制造技术，超高速进给单元制造技术，超高速加工用刀具与磨具制造技术，超高速加工在线自动检测与控制技术等。 超精密加工当前是指被加工零件的尺寸精度高于 0.1m ，表面粗糙度 Ra 小于 0.025 m ，以及所用机床定位精度的分辨率和重复性高于 0.01m 的加工技术，亦称之为亚微米级加工技术，且正在向纳米级加工技术发展。 超精密加工技术包括 : 超精密加工试验 , 超精密加工设备制造技术研究、工具和 Renmo 超精密加工技术的研究、技术和超精密测量误差补偿技术研究 , 超精密加工工作环境条件研究。二.现状和发展趋势 1) 超高速处理 工业发达国家对超高速加工的研究起步早，水平高。 这种技术处于领先地位 , 主要是德国、日本、美国、意大利等。 在超高速加工技术、超硬材料是实现超高速加工工具是前提和先决条件 , 超高速研磨机技术是现代方式高速加工技术、高速数控机床、加工中心是实现超高速加工的关键设备 . 目前 , 刀具材料碳素钢和合金工具钢、高速钢、硬质合金钢、陶瓷材料、 发展到人造金刚石及聚晶金刚石（PCD）、立方氮化硼及聚晶立方氮化硼（CBN）。切削速度亦随着刀具材料创新而从以前的 12m /min 提高到 1200m /min 以上。砂轮材料过去主要是采用刚玉系、碳化硅系等， 美国 G.E 公司在 50 年代 , 合成金刚石取得成功 ,1960首次研制成功CBN。 90 年代陶瓷或树脂结合剂 CBN砂轮、 金刚 石砂轮 线速度可达 125m /s ，有的达 150m/s 、单层电镀CBN砂轮可达250m /s. 有人认为 , 随着新刀具 (磨具), 不断开发新材料、切割速度是每 10 年增加一倍 , 亚音速和超音速加工出现不会太遥远 . 在高速切割技术方面 , 于 1976 年由美国一家Vought公司开发一台超高速铣床 , 最高转速达20000rpm 的 . 特别注意的是联邦大学生产工程和机床工业 282 研究所 (PTW) 从 1978 年开始有系统地研究了超高速替代机制的各种金属和非金属材料进行高速切削试验联邦几十个企业和组织提供了 2000 多万马克支持该项研究 , 自 80 年代末 , 由于新兴商业超高速切削机床、超高速机床从单一的超高速铣床成为高速车铣床、钻高速铣床、加工中心 . 瑞士、英国、日本推出其超高速机床 . 日本日立智能机器 Hg400iii 最高转速为主轴加工中心 3600040000r/min 、工作台快速移动速度 3640 m/min . 采用直线电机的美国 Ingersoll 公司的 HVM800 型高速加工中心进给移动速度为 60m /min 。 在高速和超高速磨削技术、人们开发了高速、超高速磨削、深切减免碾磨削、深入的快速磨削 (HEDG) 、多片砂轮和多砂轮磨削 , 以及其他许多高速高效率磨削 , 高速高效率磨削技术在近 20 年来取得了巨大的发展和应用 . 德国 Guehring ， Automation 公司成立于 1983 年 制造出了当时世界第一台最具威力的 60kw 强力 CBN 砂轮磨床， Vs 达到 140 160m/s ， 德国阿享工业大学、 Bremen 大学的高技能的研究取得了举世公认的成就 , 并积极在铝合金、钛合金、镍合金 等难加工材料方面进行高效深磨的研究， 德国 Bosch 公司 应用 CBN 砂轮高速磨削加工齿轮齿形，采用电镀CBN砂轮超高速磨削代替原须经滚齿及剃齿加工的工艺，加工16MnCr5材料的齿轮齿形，Vs 155m /s ，其 Q 达到 811mm 3 /mm.s ，德国 Kapp 公司应用高速深磨加工泵类零件深槽，工件材料为 100Cr6 轴承钢，采用电镀 CBN 砂轮， Vs 达到 300m /s ，其 Q 140mm 3/mm.s ，磨削加工中，可将淬火后的叶片泵转子10个一次装夹，一次磨出转子槽，磨削时工件进给速度为 1.2m /min ，平均每个转子加工工时只需 10 秒钟，槽宽精度可保证在 2 m ，一个砂轮可加工 1300个工件。 目前 , 日本工业实用磨削速度 200m /s, 美国Conneticut 大学磨削研究中心 ,1996 年其 其无心外圆 高速磨床、砂轮机最大速度 250 m /s. 2) 超精密加工 超精密加工技术在国际上的领先地位的国家美国、英国和日本 . 这些国家不仅是超精密加工技术 , 集整体水平 , 而且商业化程度相当高 . 美国是第一个进行研究超精密加工技术 , 到目前为止 , 处于世界领先地位的国家 . 早在 20 世纪 50 年代 , 由于地方发展的需要精密的技术 , 美国研制首超精密机械钻石刀具技术称为 称为“ SPDT 技术”（ SinglePointDiamondTurning ）或“微英寸技术”（ 1 微英寸 0.025 m ），并发展了相应的空气轴承主轴的超精密机床。 加工激光核聚变反射镜、战术导弹、载人飞船大型球形非球形零件等 . 如美国 LLL 实验室和 Y-12 工厂在美国能源部的支持下 , 于 1983 年 7 月研制成功大型超精密金刚石车床 DTM 3 型，该机床可加工最大零件 2100mm 、重量 4500kg 的激光核聚变用的各种金属反射镜、红外装置用零件、大型 天体望远镜（包括 X 光天体望远镜）等。该机床的加工精度可达到 形状误差为 28nm （半径），圆度和平面度为 12.5nm ，加工表面粗糙度为 Ra4.2nm 。该机床与该实验室 1984 年研制的 LODTM 大型超精密车床一起仍是现在世界上公认的技术水平最高、精度最高的大型金刚石超精密车床。 在超精密加工技术方 , 英国克兰菲尔德技术学院所属的克兰菲尔德精密工程研究所 ( 简称CUPE) 享有较高的声誉 , 它是世界上的精密工程研究中心之一、英国超精密加工技术独特 . 如 CUPE 生产 Nanocentre( 纳米加工中心 ) 超精密 chexueMotou 也能进行超精密磨削、 加工工件的形状精度可达 0.1 m , 表面粗糙度 Ra10nm 圆柱形镜面通常用磨削方法加工，磨削速度选 V=2535m /s ，粗磨时 t=0.02 0.07mm ，精磨时 t=310m ；当用油石研、抛时， V=1050m /min ，材料的去除速度为 0.1m1m/min 。超精磨削可达到 0.01m 的圆度和 Ra=0.002m 的表面粗糙度。球形镜面研、抛时要求研具保持在被加工表面的法向上，有两种保证方法：一是通过研具（1）本身的自定位机构来达到；二是通过采用数控系统使研磨头（2）倾斜一角来实现。球形镜面的磨抛加工法是建立在借助激光干涉仪（4）进行表面（3）的误差测量的基础