整理版人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全

1、 最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全 Unit 1 重点短语: have a stomachache have a cold lie down take ones temperature have a fever go to a doctor to ones surprise agree to (do sth.) get into trouble be used to take risks run out (of) cut off get out of be in control of keep on ( doing sth.） give up 语言知识归纳： 1. Whats the m

2、atter (with you)? 此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有： Whats wrong with you?/ Whats the trouble? matter作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。 What does it matter? It doesnt matter. 【例题】Does it _ if we cant finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters 2. I have a sore throat. have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名词”. have a co

3、ld have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough 【例题】( )-Does he often have _ cold? -Yes. He also _a cough and a sore throat. A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have 3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息 lie down 躺下 单词 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie 说谎 lied lied lying lie 躺，平放 lay lain lying Thats proba

4、bly why. 那可能就是原因。4. ”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。意为“很可能，大概 probably 使受伤；伤害；疼痛v. hurt 5. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。 He hurt his leg when he fell. 他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。 My feelings were hurt when he didnt ask me to the party. 24岁的王平The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping.6. 公交车司机， 。岁的” 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24 （名词

5、必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语）A_girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. 【例题】 C. Three years old B. three-years-old A. three-year-old 期待；预期；期盼 expect vt. 7. 的常见用法:expect /代词expect+名词 visit. daughtersThe old man is expecting his expect to do sth. I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. expect

6、 sb. to do sth. Do you expect him to teach you English? 从句 expect + I expect that you will get there soon. look forward to 与【辨析】expect look forward to doing sth. 两者都有期待的意思 Im looking forward to seeing Tom. 8. But to his surprise.但是令他吃惊的是 to ones surprise 表示“令人惊奇的是”，相当于“主语+be+surprised” To his surpri

7、se, he found the girl was bind. = He was surprised to find the girl was blind. 令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。 【拓展】in surprise表示“惊奇的”，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。 The two girls looked at each other in surprise. 那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。 be surprised at表示“对感到惊讶”。 We are very surprised at the news. 听到这个消息，我们很诧异。 surprising 表示“使人惊奇的”，作表语

8、时，主语是事物。 9. They dont want any trouble. 他们不想惹麻烦。 trouble用作名词，意为“烦恼，困难，麻烦，疾病等”。 His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充满了烦恼。 Whats the trouble? 怎么了？ trouble用作动词，意为“麻烦，打扰”。 Im sorry to trouble you. 抱歉打扰你。 【拓展】与trouble相关的短语 in trouble处于困境中 get into trouble陷入困境 Have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 【例题】-How is

9、 your English study? -Not bad. But I_learning English grammar. A. am interested B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble 10. 辨析 used to do sth. 与 be used to sth. / doing sth. 过去常常 习惯于某事/做某事 We used to draw pictures badly. You will get used to the weather here. In the end, I got used

10、 to doing hard work. 11. 辨析 run out 与run out of 人+ run out of They have run out of the water. 物+ run out (不可用于被动语态） The money is running out. 【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项 ( ) Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now. A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of 12. make de

11、cisions = make a decision 作出决定 decision为decide的名词形式 make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth. 13. be in control of 管理；控制 A teacher should be in control of his class. 重点语法：情态动词should的用法 （1）should后接动词原形，变否定句在should后加not, 变一般疑问句时将should提前。 （2）should常用于以下两种情况： 提出建议 You looked tired. You should lie

12、down and rest. 表推测，意为“该，按理应当”。 Wait a minute. I think he should come in a minute. Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks. : 重点短语 clean up by oneself cheer up put off give out put on used to give away take after set up make a difference care for come up with 语言知识归纳： 1. give out 分发，发放 【拓展】give构成的短

13、语还有： give away 赠给，赠送 give in 屈服，投降 give up 放弃 give off 发出（气味、光、热等） e up with 提出，想出 (1)表示“想出或提出”，相当于think of I think she can come up with a good idea (2)come up with还可表示 “赶上”,相当于catch up with. We should study hard to come up with them 【例题】( ) We must _a plan to improve your math. A. pick up B. catch

14、up with C. come up with D. make up 3. Iv run out of it. 我已经把它用完了。 run out of 表示 “用完，用光”，其主语一般是人。 【拓展】run out of 还可表示“从跑出来”。 Bill ran out of the room. Bill从房间里跑出来。 run构成的短语还有 run away 逃走 run after追赶 run into difficulties遇到困难 【例题】( ) When your money_, please come to me for some. A. runs out of B. runs

15、 out C. is running out of D. is run out 4. I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。 【辨析】take after 与look like take after意为“长得像，行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈。 The boy takes after his father. 这个男孩长得像他爸爸。 look like 可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。 The man looks like our teacher. 这个男的看起来像我们的老师。 The rainbow looks like a bridge.

16、彩虹看上去像一座桥。 【拓展】take 构成的短语 take up take off take place take ones time take care 【例题】( ) -Youve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I _my mother. A. look after B. take after C. take from D. look for 语气。 翻译短语位at most,意为“至多，最多”。 He kept me waiting at least an hour. There were fifty people there at

17、most. 3. all the time 一直；总是 Things are changing all the time.事情一直在变化。 【拓展】time相关的短语 on time准时 at the same time同时 in time及时 From time to time偶尔 the first time第一次 【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。 ( ) I always go shopping on Friday. A. all the time B. all the same C.all along D. all the way 5. Im just as tired as y

18、ou are! 我和你一样累。 as.as意为“和一样”,表示同级比较。as.as中间要用形容词或副词原级。 This story is as interesting as that one. 这个故事和那个一样有趣。 否定式为not as/so.as,意为“不如”。 The garden is not so beautiful as you thought. 【例题】( ) He speaks French well, but of course not_a person born in France. A.as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly

19、as D. the more clearly 5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.一个星期，她不做家务，我也不做家务。 we drive, _pollution our city will have. A. the fewer; the fewer B. the fewer; the less C. The more; the fewer D. the more; the less 11. in order to 的用法 (1) in order to意为“为了”，强调目的，后接动词原形。 In ord

20、er to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly. We have to study hard in order to pass the exam. In order not to be late for school, she took a taxi. (2)含in order to的句子可以转变为由so that或in order that 引导的状语从句。 She ran quickly in order to catch the bus. She ran quickly in order that she could catch the

21、bus. She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus. 12. as a result的用法 as a result用于引出结果，常用于两个句子之间，其中一个是另一个的结果，且前后用标点符号 将两个句子隔开，意为“结果是”。 He didnt listen carefully. As a result, he couldnt work out the maths problem. 【注】as a result of 的意思是“由于，因为”， 相当于because of。 Peter was late as a result of the he

22、avy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rain. 【例题】( ) The boy studied hard. _, he passed the exam. A. Ia fact B. On time C. After all D. As a result Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents? 重点短语: look through work out get on with cut out compare.with in ones opinion a big deal so that get in

23、to a fight communicate with not.until. call sb. up instead of 语言知识归纳： 1. Why dont you talk to your parents? Why dont you do sth.= Why not do sth. “为什么不?” 【拓展】提出建议的句型 What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？ Shall we do sth.? 我们做某事好吗？ 你最好（不）做某事。Youd better(not) do sth. Why dont you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？ Would

24、you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？ 2. allow v. 允许，许可 allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事“ My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends. allow doing sth. “允许做某事” She doesnt allow smoking in her house. allow+名词 We cant allow such a thing. 【例题】( ) Do you often allow_until 11:00 p.m. A. to stay up B. stay

25、 up C. staying up D. and stay up 3. work out 产生效果，进展 Things worked out quite well for us. 对我们来说，事情进展很好。 He worked out the maths problem. 他算出了这道数学题。 Can you work out the problem alone? 你一个人能把问题搞清楚吗？ 4. communicate v. 交流信息；沟通 I cant communicate with them at the moment. 此刻我无法同他们进行交流。 communication n.交流

26、 People cant get on well with each other without communication. 没有交流，人们就无法相处得好。 【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。 ( )People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail. A. write B. read C.agree D. communicate 5. argue vi. 争论；争吵 argue with sb. 与某人争论 Dont argue with your parents. 不要和你的父母争论。 argue的名词形式是 “ar

27、gument”, have an argument with sb. 与某人辩论。 Alice hand an argument with her best friend. 【例题】( )I never argue _my parents. A.in B.to C.for D.with 6. instead adv. 代替，顶替 If you are busy, you may come another day instead. 【辨析】instead 与instead of instead buy 副词 have 舍前取后，可单独使用，位于句首或句末。 leave be away from

28、get married be married instead of become put on 介词短语 be wear 舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词ing。 die be dead finish be over He didnt answer. He asked his father instead. We eat rice instead of noodles. 【例题】( ) What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _watching TV in the hotel. A.because of B. instead of C.togeth

29、er with D.out 7. offer v. 提供；提出；建议 offer 做“提供”讲时，可接双宾语。 offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物 The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= The waitress offered the man a cup of tea. offer还有“提出，建议”的意思，其后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。 The old man offered to lend the boy some money. 【例题】( ) The little boy _ his

30、 seat to an old lady on the crowded bus. A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought 8. And they are always comparing them with other children. ”。 和相比 compare 作动词，意为“比较， 相比较 把同 compare.with. ompare their children with others. Parents shouldnt always c 父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较。 比作 compare.to. 把 People often com

31、pare the life to a stage. 人们常把生活比作一个舞台。 ) My handwriting can not be compared_ my fathers. 【例题】( D.for B. with C. on A. to My cousin borrows my things without returning them. 10. ”，其后可接双宾语意为“归还 return return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. Dont forget to return me the keys. 。go back, 后接地点时需要介词to return

32、 还有“返回”的意思，相当于 He 引导的从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从while 作连词引导时间状语从句，在 句中 的动作或状态同时发生。, someone knocked at the door. While I was watching TV ，动作有一前一后的意思。时” when意为“当 When I passed that room I heard someone singing. ，表示转折关系。然而” while 作连词时也可理解为“ I like apples while my sister doesnt. ) Tom likes reading a newspa

33、per_he is having breakfast. 【例题】( D.though C.because A.until B.while )Mary was talking on the phone _someone knocked at the door. ( D.after C.when A.while B.before 2. make sure 查明；确信 make sure of sth. make sure to do sth. make sure that + 从句 ) Read your English paper again and _there is no mistake i

34、n it before you hand it in. ( 【例题】D.look for C.come out B.turn up A.make sure the bus stop but I still missed the bus. got to3. I 。”时，是不及物动词，后面跟地点名词时，要加介词to get意为“到达 How can I get to the nearest supermarket ? 的三种形式：“到达” 表示 意为到达 arrive at + 小地点 arrive in + 大地点 get to 后接地点名词。 He got to school at 7:00

35、this morning. reach意为“到达”，是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。 When did you reach America? 【例题】( ) Please write to me as soon as you _ your school. A.get to B.reach to C.arrive D.come ( ) -When did your aunt_in Shandong? -Yesterday afternoon. A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come in events important of news the heardthey when

36、doing were they what remember often People 4. history. hear动词, 意为“听说”。常用结构为： hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事 hear of/about sb. /sth. 听说某人或某事 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 hear + that从句 听说 【例题】( )Tom likes to _others but he never writes to them. A.hear B.hear of C.hear about D.hear fro

37、m ( )-When did you _the news? -Just now. A.hear about B.hear from C.heard D.hearing 5. I played the song without any mistakes. without介词,意为“无；没有”，其反义词为with,后接名词、代词或动词ing。 Fish cant live without water. He went to work without having breakfast. 【例题】她没敲门就进了房间。 She entered the room_ _at the door. 你不戴眼镜能

38、看得清东西吗？ Can you see clearly _your _ Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains. 重点短语: a little bit instead of o once upon a time fall in love get married as soon as instead of give birth to be born o 语言知识归纳： 1. try的用法 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 He is trying to learn English. try doing s

39、th. 试着做某事 You should try taking more exercise. try ones best 尽力 Ill try my best to help him. try on 试穿 Would you like to try this dress on? 2. remind vt. 使想起，提醒 remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事 The song remind me of my childhood. remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 Peter reminded her to attend the meeting

40、 on time. 4. What do you think of .? 你认为怎么样？ What do you think of .? = How do you like.? 注：think后接动名词，like后接带to的不定式 如：What do you think of going climbing tomorrow? =How do you like to go climbing tomorrow? 你认为明天去爬山怎么样？ 【例题】( ) -_do you think of the football match? -Its perfect. Its more exciting tha

41、n_match that I have ever watched. A. How; any other B. How; any others C. What; any other D. What; any others 5. Neither of you is wrong. 你们两个都没错。 neither 两者都不；也不 e.g. Neither of the ideas is good. I like neither subject. neither 作连词，表示“既不也不”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。 e.g. Neither you nor he is in this t

42、eam. Neither he nor I am a teacher. 【例题】( ) -Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walk man? -_. I prefer a computer. A. Both B. Either C. None D. Neither 5. unless的用法 unl A.enough; to B.as;as C.so; that 7. as soon as 一就 as soon as 为连词，引导时间状语从句 当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时，从句通常用一般现在时，简称“主将从现”。 e.g. Ill tell her a

43、bout the matter as soon as she returns home. Ill ring you up as soon as I got to Sanya. 【例题】( )-Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? -Sure. Ill give it to her_she arrives here. A.before B.until C.because D.as soon as 8. the whole family 全家 whole的用法 作形容词，意为“全部的；完整的”。 the whole night 整夜 in the

44、 whole world 全世界 作名词，意为“全部，全体，整个”。 as a whole作为整体 the whole of China 整个中国 【辨析】whole 与 all whole一般位于冠词、所有格或别的限定词之后，而all则位于这些词之前 all the time/ the whole time 整个时间 all my life/ my whole life 我的一生 all the class/ the whole class 整个班级 【例题】( ) Alison has been skating for_two hours. A.the all B.whole the C.

45、the whole D.all of 9. be made of 与 be made from 由制成 be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可以看出原材料 The desks are made of wood. be made from 看不出原材料，属于化学变化 Paper is made of wood. 【例题】( )This pair of shoes_by hand, and it _very comfortable. A.is made from; is felt B.are made of; feels C.is made by; feels Unit 7 Whats the

46、 highest mountain in the world? 重点短语: feel free as far as I know in the face of even though at birth walk into fall over or so take in many times endangered animals achieve ones dream 语言知识归纳： 2. 比较级和最高级的特殊句型，当形容词为多“变得越来越”表示 + and + 形容词比较级 “get/ become + 形容词比较级” 。”原级“ more and more + 音节词（少数双音节词）时，用 I

47、t gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. “the + 形容词比较级，the + 形容词比较级”意为“越就越”。 The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. “one of the +最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最之一”。 Chengdu is one of the most beautiful cities in China. This is/was + the +最高级+名词+that引导的定语从句。 This is the most interesti

48、ng story I have ever read. 三级句型之间的转换 形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词 This book is more difficult than any other book here. = This book is the most difficult of all. 形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词 Bill is taller than the other students in his class. 同级比较用as.as., 否定式为not as/so.as. He is as tall as his father.

49、He is not as tall as his father. “more+形容词”与“less+形容词”及“not so/as .as”的互换。 This question is more difficult than that one. =That question is less difficult than this one. =That question isnt so difficult as this one. 2. 数量的表达 英语中通常将数字放在单位词的前面，而将表示长、宽、高等的词放在单位词的后面。 固定句式为：主语+be+数词+形容词（长、宽、高、深）。 The boy

50、 is 1.7 meters tall. This building is 90 meters high. 5. China has the biggest population in the world. population是集体名词，没有复数形式，作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式。 The population of the school is 500. 指人口多少时，一般用large或small来表示。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 提问“有多少人口”，用what 或how large, 而不用how m

51、any。 Whats the population of China? 6. succeed v. 成功，做到 succeed常与in连用，succeed in doing sth. (成功做某事） Did you succeed in booking the ticket? success n. 成功 Working hard can lead to success. successful 用作形容词，意思是“成功的”。 Linda is a successful dancer and she dances well. 【例题】( ) -Dear friends, please read e

52、very sentence carefully. Details decide_ or not. A.success B.successful C.succeed 6. This elephant weighs many times more than this panda. （1）表示两倍用twice,三倍（及以上）用“基数词+times”。 （2）倍数的表达： A+be+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B This classroom is three times as big as that one. 【例题】( )The car travels_the train. C.two t

53、ime as faster as B.two times as fast as A. two time as fast as 6. We should protect whales from water pollution. protect 保护、保卫 protect.from. “保护免受的侵害” Everyone should protect the environment from pollution. Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 重点短语: full of hurry up science fiction country musi

54、c ever since one another belong to finish doing sth. fight over millions of 语言知识归纳： already, just, ever, yet, for two years, since 1995, so far, in the last few years 【例题】( ) -Did you borrow the comic book from the library? -Yes. I _ it for three days. Ill return it this afternoon. A.borrowed B.kept

55、 C.have borrowed D.have kept ( ) -Hello, may I speak to Miss. Wang? -Sorry, she isnt in. She_the office. A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been away ( ) -Ive got the final Harry Potter book. -You will love it. I _it twice already. A.am reading B.have read C.was reading D.will read 3. Ive already fin

56、ished reading it! finish doing sth. 完成做某事 They finished doing the work last week. 6. Who else is on my island? else意为“其他的” 主要用在疑问词who, whose, what, where, when及不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, someone, anyone, something, anything, nothing后面。 -What else do you want? -Nothing else. other也作“其他的”讲，但用法不同 o

57、ther是形容词，修饰名词，并放在名词前 When are the other boys arrive? 另外other还可修饰代词one或ones。 This story is more interesting than the other one. 【例题】用else或other填空。 (1) What _can you see in the picture? (2) Where are the _boys? (3) Give me the _pencil, not this one. (4) Whom _would you do it with? 7. .but not about be

58、longing to a group. 但不是关于属于一个集体。 belong to意为“属于”，后接宾语，不用于进行时态和被动语态。 This book belongs to me, but that one belongs to Mary. The new pen belongs to me. The honor belongs to Tom. 7. Sarah hasnt been to Nashville yet. have been to. 去过 have gone to 与have been to【辨析】 have been to+地名，表示“某人曾经到过某地”，现在已经不在那个地

59、方了（回来了）。 have gone to 表示“已经去了某地”，还没有回来，可能在那里或在途中。不能与段时间连用。 John isnt here. Where has he gone? He has been to many places since he came to China. 【例题】( )A number of tourists_Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city. A.have been to B.has been to C.has gone to D.have gone to 6. How does

60、it make them feel? make为使役动词，后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语 即make sb. do sth. My mother often makes me clean the room. make后跟复合宾语的类型 make + 宾语 + 名词 Most pop singers make music their career. make + 宾语 + 形容词 What he did makes his mother happy. make + 宾语 + 过去分词 Can you make yourself understood? 7. Have you introduce