单片机的外文文献及中文翻译

1、SCM is an integrated ci rcuit chip, i s the use of Iarge sea Ie integrated ci rcuit techno Iogy to a data process i ng capab i Iity of CPU CPU random access memory RAM, read-on Iy memory ROM, a var i ety of I / 0 port and i nterrupt system, t imers / t imer funct ions (which may a I so include displ

2、ay dr i ver ci rcuitry, puIse wi dth moduI ation ci rcu it, ana log mu I tip lexer, A/D converter ci rcuit) integrated into a si I icon constitute a smaI I and comp Iete computer systems SCM i s a I so known as micro-control ler (Microcontroller), because it is the fi rst to be used in industrial co

3、ntrol. Only a single chip by the CPU chip deve I oped from a dedica ted processor The fi rst design is by a large number of per iphera I s and CPU on a chip in the computer system, smaI I er, more eas iIy integrated into a comp I ex and demanding on the voIume controI device which The Z80 INTEL isth

4、e first designed in accordanee with thi s idea processor, then on the developme nt of mi croc on trol I er and dedica ted processors wiI I be parting ways. Are 8-bit microcontroller ear Iy or 4 bits. One of the most successfuI is the INTEL 8031, for a simple, re I iab Ie and good performance was a l

5、ot of praise. Then developed in 8031 out of MCS51 MCU Systems SCM systems based on this system until now is still widely used With the increased requi rements of i ndustrial controI field, began a 16-bit microcontroller, but not ideal because the cost has not been very widely used. After 90 years wi

6、th the great development of consumer e I ectronics, microcontrol I er technology has been a huge increase With INTEL i960 ser ies, espec i a I Iy the later ser i es of widely used ARM, 32-bit microcontroI I er quickly rep I ace high-end 16-bit MCU status and enter the ma i nstream market. The tradit

7、ional 8-bit microcontroller performs nee have bee n the rapid in crease capac i ty increase compared to 80 the number of times. Currently, high-end 32-bit microcontroller c I ocked over 300MHz, the performanee catch i ng the mid-90s dedicated processor, while the average mode I pr ices fa I I to one

8、 U. S. do I I ar, the most high-end 1 mode I on Iy 10 dollars Modern SCM systems are no longer only in the development and use of bare metal envi ronment, a large number of propr ietary embedded operating system is widely used i n the fu I I range of SCM. The handheld computers and ceI I phones as t

9、he core processing of h i gh-end microcontroller can eve n use a dedicated Windows and Linux operating systems SCM i s more suit ab I e than the specific processor used in embedded systems, so it was up to the appI ication. In fact the number of SCM is the worIds largest computer. Modern human life

10、used in aImost every piece of eIectronic and mechanical products wi I I be integrated single chip. Phone, teI ephone, calculator, home appIiances, eIectronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessor ies such as a mouse with a 1-2 i n both the Department of SCM. Persona I computer wi I I have a

11、 large number of SCM in the work. Genera I car with more than 40 mi crocontroller, a comp I ex industr i a I controI systems may even hundreds of singIe chip at the same time work! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other computing the sum, or even more than the number of human be i ng

12、s Single ch i p, a I so known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not comp Iete a certain logic ch i ps, but to a computer system integrated into a chip EquivaIent to a micro-computer, and computer than just the I ack of a microcontrolI er I / 0 devices Genera I ta Ik: a chip becomes a computer. I

13、ts smaI I size, Iight weight, cheap, for the study, application and development of fac iI ities provided At the same time, I earn i ng to use the MCU i s to understand the pr inciple and strueture of the computer the best option. MicrocontroI I er and the computer funct ions internaI Iy with simi la

14、r moduIes, such as CPU, memory, para I I e I bus, the same effect there, and hard d i sk memory device, i s it d i fferent properties of these components are re I atively weak many of our home computer, but the pr ice i s I ow , usua I I y not more than 10 yuan you can do wi th it some control for a

15、 cI ass i s not very comp I icated e I ectr i ca I work i s enough of. We are us i ng automat i c drum wash i ng mach i ne, smoke hood, VCD and so on appI iances which could see its shadow! Itis mainly part of the core components as the control. t is an on Iine reaI一time control computer, on-1ine i

16、s on-site control, need to have strong anti-interferenceabi lity, low cost, and this is, and off-1 i ne computer (such as home PC), the ma i n d i fference Single ch i p MCU i s through running, and can be modified. Through d i fferent procedures to ach i eve d i fferent functions, i n particuI ar s

17、pecial unique features, this is another device much effort needs to be done, some are great efforts are very diff icu It to ach i eve A not very comp I ex functions if the 50 s with the United States developed 74 ser ies, or the 60 s CD4000 ser ies of these pure hardware buttoned, then the ci rcuit

18、must be a I arge PCB board! But i f the Un i ted States if the 70s with a ser ies of successfuI SCM market, the resuIt wi I I be a drastic change! Just because you are prepared by mi crocomputer programs can ach i eve h i gh inteI Iigenee, h i gh efficiency and high reliabiIity! As themicrocontrol I

19、 er on the cost-sensitive, so now the dominant software or the I owest level assembIy Ianguage, which is the I owest level in add ition to more than b i nary machine code Ianguage, and as so low why is the use? Many high-level Ianguage has reached the I eve I of v i suaI programming Why i s not it?

20、The reason i s simply that there i s no home computer as a s i ng I e chip CPU, not as hard as a mass st orage dev ice. A v i suaIi zat ion of smaI I h i gh-1 eve I I anguage program i s on I y one but ton on it though, wi I I reach tens of K in size! For the home PCs hard dr i ve in terms of nothin

21、g but speaking for the MCU i s not acceptab I e. SCM i n the ut i I i zat i on of hardware resources to be very h i gh for the job so although the original i s still in the compi I ation of a lot of use The same token, if the gi ant computer operating system and appIications run up get home PC, home

22、 PC, a I so bear not work Can be sa i d that the twenti eth century across the three power era, that is, the age of eIectricity, the eIectronic age and has entered into the computer age However, thi s computer, usua I I y refers to the persona I computer, referred to as PC. It consists of the host,

23、keyboard, mon itor and other components. Another type of computer, most peopIe do not know how. This compu ter i s to give a I I k i nds of mach i nery, i nteI Ii gent single ch i p (a I so known as micro - co nt rol ler). As the name sugges ts, t h i s computer system took on Iy a mini ma I integra

24、ted ci rcuit, can be a simple operation and control. Because it is smaI I, usuaI Iy in the charged with possession of mechanica I stomach” in. It is in the device, I i ke the human bra i n p I ays a ro I e, it goes wrong, the whole pI ant was para Iyzed Now, this microcontroI ler has been very widel

25、y used in the field, such as smart meters, reaI一time industrial control, communi cat ions equ i pment, navigation systems, and household appI iances. Once a I I k i nds of products were us i ng SCM, can serve to upgrade the effect i veness of products, often in the produc t name preceded by the adje

26、ctive - intelligent, such as inteI Ii gent wash i ng mach i nes. Now some technical personnel of factories or other amateur electronics developers to engage in out of certain products, not the c i rcu i t i s too comp I i cated, that f unct i on i s too simple and can eas i I y be cop i ed. The reas

27、on may be stuck in the product did not use a mi crocontroller or other programmabIe logic dev i ce. 外文文献的翻译： 单片机是一种集成在电路芯片，是采用超大规模 集成电路技术把具有数据处理能力的中央处理器CPU 随机存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、多种I/O 口和中断 系统、定时器/计时器等功能(可能还包括显示驱动电 路、脉宽调制电路、模拟多路转换器、A/D转换器等 电路)集成到一块硅片上构成的一个小而完善的计算 机系统。 单片机也被称为微控制器(Microcontrol ler), 是因为它最

28、早被用在工业控制领域。单片机由芯片内 仅有CPU的专用处理器发展而来。最早的设计理念是 通过将大量外围设备和CPU集成在一个芯片中，使计 算机系统更小，更容易集成进复杂的而对体积要求严 格的控制设备当中o INTEL的Z80是最早按照这种思想 设计出的处理器，从此以后，单片机和专用处理器的 发展便分道扬辘。 早期的单片机都是8位或4位的。其中最成功的是 INTEL的8031,因为简单可靠而性能不错获得了很大 的好评。此后在8031 发展出了 MCS51系列单片机系 统。基于这一系统的单片机系统直到现在还在广泛使 用。随着工业控制领域要求的提高，开始出现了 16位 单片机，但因为性价比不理想并未

29、得到很广泛的应用。 90年代后随着消费电子产品大发展，单片机技术得到 了巨大提高。随着INTEL i960系列特别是后来的ARM 系列的广泛应用，32位单片机迅速取代16位单片机的 高端地位，并且进入主流市场。而传统的8位单片机的 性能也得到了飞速提高，处理能力比起80年代提高了 数百倍。目前，高端的32位单片机主频已经超过 300MHz,性能直追90年代中期的专用处理器，而普通 的型号出厂价格跌落至1美元，最高端1的型号也只 有10美元。当代单片机系统已经不再只在裸机环境下 开发和使用，大量专用的嵌入式操作系统被广泛应用 在全系列的单片机上。而在作为掌上电脑和手机核心 处理的高端单片机甚至可

30、以直接使用专用的Windows 和Linux操作系统。 单片机比专用处理器更适合应用于嵌入式系统， 因此它得到了最多的应用。事实上单片机是世界上数 量最多的计算机。现代人类生活中所用的几乎每件电 子和机械产品中都会集成有单片机。手机、电话、计 算器、家用电器、电子玩具、掌上电脑以及鼠标等电 脑配件中都配有1-2部单片机。而个人电脑中也会有为 数不少的单片机在工作。汽车上一般配备40多部单片 机，复杂的工业控制系统上甚至可能有数百台单片机 在同时工作！单片机的数量不仅远超过PC机和其他计 算的总和，甚至比人类的数量还要多。 单片机又称单片微控制器，它不是完成某一个逻 辑功能的芯片，而是把一个计算

31、机系统集成到一个芯 片上。相当于一个微型的计算机，和计算机相比，单 片机只缺少了 I/O设备。概括的讲：一块芯片就成了 一台计算机。它的体积小、质量轻、价格便宜、为学 习、应用和开发提供了便利条件。同时，学习使用单 片机是了解计算机原理与结构的最佳选择。 单片机内部也用和电脑功能类似的模块，比如 CPU,内存，并行总线，还有和硬盘作用相同的存储器 件，不同的是它的这些部件性能都相对我们的家用电 脑弱很多，不过价钱也是低的，一般不超过10元即 可用它来做一些控制电器一类不是很复杂的工 作足矣了。我们现在用的全自动滚筒洗衣机、排烟罩、 VCD等等的家电里面都可以看到它的身影！它 主要是作为控制部分的核心部件。