专业英语四级阅读-14

1、 专业英语四级阅读-14(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、breading comprehension/b(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、btext a/b(总题数：1，分数：25.00)ah, youth. the time for body piercings, staying out late and.a portfolioof ultrasecure t-bills?traditionally, we associate the early years with risky behaviorbut oneconsequence of the recession appea

2、rs to be a shift in the way 18-to34-year-olds handle money. affluent millennials and 30-somethings saytheir tolerance for risky investments is much lower than it was a yearago, rivaled only by people over the age of 65, according to a new studyby merrill lynch global wealth management. it is truly a

3、 generationalchange, says dave geschke, an executive at ameriprise financial. themarket got cut in half. housing got cut in half. people saw their assetclasses get blown up.avoiding risk may feel sensible to a generation whose financialcoming-of-age has been bookended by the dotcom bubble and thesub

4、prime-mortgage meltdown. in 2010, only 41 percent of 18-to29-year-olds reported working full time, compared with 50 percent in 2006,according to the pew research center. millennials were more likely toreport losing their jobs than workers over the age of 30, and many recentcollege graduates have had

5、 a hard time finding a toehold in a tight labormarket, even as the national unemployment rate rose friday to 9.6 percent.if the 18-to 34-year-olds feel more cautious about investing, its partlybecause they have less money to spend and little economic security.in response, financial firms have begun

6、tweaking their products.target-date retirement funds for young investors, managed by mutual-fundgiant john hancock, recently decreased exposure to stocks by 10 to 15percent. anecdotally, financial planners say young clients are keepingmore cash on hand, and online banks such as ing direct have rolle

7、d outsavings accounts with slightly higher interest rates. were seeingpeople try to put bells and whistles on very conservative investments,says david carter, chief investment officer at lenox advisors.but in the long term, is it wise for 18-to 34-year-olds to avoid stocks,load up on bonds, and keep

8、 more cash in their bank accounts? perhaps not,if they want to live comfortably in retirement. you need the growth potential of stocks, says christine benz, director of personal financefor morningstar: com. investors cannot expect the same returns from bondsand bond funds.one idiosyncrasy (特质) remai

9、ns this generations attitude toward money.the pew research centers findings show that 85 percent of adults under30 feel optimistic about their financial future, compared with 45 percentof the 50-and-up crowd. three quarters of young adults surveyed by thecenter say they feel confident they will have

10、 enough money to retire. so,while the twin busts may have diminished their appetite for risk now,theres reason to believe young adults faith in the market willeventually return.（分数：25.00）(1).what is the generational change mentioned in the passage?a. 18-to 34-year-olds are experiencing recession.b.

11、18-to 34-year-olds asset classes are getting blown up.c. 18-to 34-year-olds like risky behaviors more.d. 18-to 34-year-olds tend to avoid risky investments.（分数：5.00）a.b.c.d. 解析：事实细节题。第二段中戴夫格施克说“it is truly a generational change”，其中的it指代的就是前面提到的富裕的千禧年一代和30多岁的人对风险投资的接受度比一年前低多了。另外从第三段也可以得知这些人在回避风险投资，故d

12、正确。正在经历经济衰退是导致generational change的原因，不是改变的内容，故a错误。资产缩水也是导致改变的原因，故b错误。原文说这些年轻人在回避风险投资，c项与原文意思相反，故错误。(2).how do financial firms respond to modern young people becoming more cautious about investing?a. they have turned to increase more conservative products.b. they have targeted products of retirement

13、funds for young investors.c. they have focused on publicity to inspire young adults to risky investments.d. they have decreased the interest rates of savings accounts.（分数：5.00）a. b.c.d.解析：推理判断题。第四段开头提到作为回应，金融机构已经开始调整他们的产品，比如减少在股票上的投资比例，网上银行推出高利率的储蓄账户等。另外从最后一句也可以看出人们努力发挥每一项保守投资的价值，故可以判断出金融机构在增加保守投资产品

14、，a正确。(3).in the long run, it may be not wise for 18-to 34-year-olds to avoid stocks if they want acomfortable retirement because a. they will regret not having invested in stocks.b. bonds and bond funds have higher security.c. stocks have greater growth potential.d. investing in stocks can have high

15、er returns.（分数：5.00）a.b.c. d.解析：事实细节题。第五段提到长期来看，如果 18至 34岁之间人想要舒适的退休生活，那么他们回避股市也许并不明智，因为他们需要股票增长的潜力，而这是债券和基金所不能比的。由此可以看出回避股市不明智的原因是股市有更大的增长潜力，故 c正确。原文没有说这些人将来一定会后悔没有投资股市，a过于绝对，故错误。债券和基金确实具有更高的安全眭，这是人们回避股市的原因，但这与题干要求“人们回避股市不明智的原因”不符，故 b错误。原文只是说股票有更大的增长潜力，但不是说一定会有更高的回报，故 d错误。(4).what is said about thi

16、s generations attitude toward money?a. most young people are pessimistic about their financial future.b. older people are more optimistic than young adults about their finance.c. the minority of young adults worry about their money for retirement.d. generally speaking, peoples confidence for investm

17、ent isnt reduced.（分数：5.00）a.b.c. d.解析：事实细节题。最后一段提到接受调查的年轻人中有四分之三表示，他们相信他们会有足够的钱退休，也就是说只有少部分年轻人会担心退休后钱的问题，故 c正确。第二句提到调查结果显示 85%的 30岁以下的成年人对他们的经济前景感到乐观，而 50岁以上的人中如此乐观的只有 45%。也就是说大多数年轻人对经济前景感到乐观，而且相比之下年轻人比年长的人更乐观。a、b两项与原文意思相反，故错误。原文说有理由相信年轻人对市场的信心最终会回升的，但不是说人们现在对投资的信心没有减少，d理解错误。(5).which of the followi

18、ng statements is not true?a. returns from bonds and bond funds may be less than from stocks.b. young adults are cautious about investing mainly because of the economic insecurity.c. its perhaps unwise for the young adults to keep more cash in their bank accounts.d. young adults are shying away from

19、stock market.（分数：5.00）a.b. c.d.解析：事实细节题。第五段最后一句引用克里斯汀本茨的话“投资者不能期待在债券和基金上获得和股票同样的收益”，可见债券和基金的收益可能比股票少，a表述正确；由第三段尾句知 18至 34岁之间的人对待投资更谨慎了，原因是他们的收入少了以及经济形势不容乐观，可见经济的不稳定性只是部分原因， 不是主要原因，b错误，为答案；由第五段前两句可知，在银行存储更多的现金或许并不明智，即 c表述正确；全文都在围绕年轻人回避股市展开，故 d表述也正确。三、btext b/b(总题数：1，分数：30.00)maybe your youth group ha

20、s talked about taking everyone to the mountainsthis winter for their annual ski trip. you cant wait to go. but theresjust one little thing: youve never snowboarded before!well, have no fear. if we were sitting next to each other on the bus rideinto the mountains, heres what id tell you:if you can, l

21、earn when the snow is soft. i know snowboarding on fresh snowisnt always an option,but youre going to be falling like crazy duringthe first weekend. since youre desired to fall, the question becomes:would you rather fall on concrete or a down comforter? theres much ofa difference, so try boarding ri

22、ght after a snowstorm.ride the high-speed detachable lifts. all the big resorts have them:high-speed detachable quad lifts that slow to a crawl just before you dropyour seat into the bench. the older double-chair-lifts andtriple-chair-lifts are harder to deal with because they dont slow downwhen you

23、 get on. its also much easier disembarking from a high-speeddetachable quad when you reach the top because the lift slows way down.youll also frustrate yourself by riding pomas and t-bars, so avoid themas well.you should also beg, borrow or steal wrist guards and a helmet. well, dontsteal them, but

24、wrist guards should be standard equipment for beginnersnowboarders. most broken bones happen when boarders try to break theirfall by sticking their arms out, but this maneuver often results ininjuries. and, of course, youve got to protect your head.learn to fall the right way. since falling is a giv

25、en, learn to fall inthe right way. whenyou feel yourself starting to lose your balance, getas low as possiblealmost like youre sliding into second base. let yourbody absorb the blow. bend your knees while resisting the urge to stickout your arms to break your fall. if you can get down the moment you

26、feel yourself losing your balance, youll probably crash withoutexperiencing injury.get good instruction. i am all for friends teaching their friends, butsometimes its best to leave the instruction to the professionals. friendsmay be great boarders but horrible instructors, and many cant tell youwhat

27、 youre doing wrong. if you can afford it, take a snowboard class from the local ski school.snowboard instruction has improved a lot in the last few years. while somepeople want to figure it out on their own, but i still recommend a classfor the first day or two.dont get discouraged. you can count on

28、 the first day being the worst day.everyone has a hard time at first, but the good news is that snowboardinghas a really fast learning curve, especially compared to skiing andsurfing. you should feel tremendous progress by the end of first day orsecond day.well, there you have it. snowboardings a gr

29、eat sport, and youre goingto get hooked. just be sure to give yourself a few days to adjust to makingyour board carve those big turns.（分数：30.00）(1).why should beginners try snowboarding right after a snowstorm?a. because that may prevent them from getting seriously injured.b. because they will fall

30、on snow just like falling on the concrete.c. because they can learn how to board faster.d. because the weather is best for them to learn snowboarding.（分数：5.00）a. b.c.d.解析：推理判断题。根据题干关键词 right after a snowstorm，将答案定位于第三段。该段倒数第二句谈到：“既然摔跤是不可避免的，那你是愿意摔在水泥地上还是鸭绒被上?”也就是说，初学者容易摔跤，如果是刚下过雪，地面上的雪很软，摔起来就没有那么疼；由

31、此可知，a正确。新鲜的雪不会让初学者感觉像摔在水泥地上，故 b错误；c“初学者会学得更快”文章未提及；d“那样的天气对初学滑雪者最好”说得太笼统，所以不选。(2).which lift would be better for a beginner?a. double-chair-lifts.b. t-bars.c. triple-chair-lifts.d. quad lifts.（分数：5.00）a.b.c.d. 解析：事实细节题。作者在第四段提到了几种吊车，其中他赞成初学者乘坐在上下车时可以减速的高速可拆卸的四座吊车，所以选 d。由该段第三句可知，a、c所提到的吊车不能减速，作者不推荐初学

32、者使用；由最后一句可知，b也是作者建议初学者慎选的。(3).the author seems to disapprove that a. beginners must fall down many times during the first week.b. beginners should have standard equipments.c. when you lose your balance, you should protect your head.d. when you lose your balance, you should stretch out your arms.（分数：

33、5.00）a.b.c.d. 解析：事实细节题。文章在第五段第三句提到：most broken bones happen when boarders.sticking theirarms out.；第六段倒数第二句又提到：.resisting the urge to stick out your arms.，可见作者反复强调在滑雪时不能伸出胳膊以防摔倒，因为这样往往会导致骨折，所以答案为 d。a与第三段第二句的意思一致；b、c分别与第五段的第二句和最后一句意思相符，所以均不选。(4).when you decide to learn snowboarding, youd bettera. pra

34、ctice on down comforter.b. ask for help from your friends.c. attend a snowboard class.d. practice on concrete.（分数：5.00）a.b.c. d.解析：事实细节题。文章第七、八段提出：“最好还是把指导任务留给专业教练。朋友可能是个糟糕的教练”；“如果你负担得起，就上个滑雪板班”。根据以上细节内容可知，c正确，而 b错误。a“在鸭绒被上练习”和 d“在水泥地上练习”均是对第三段信息的错误理解。(5).the good news pared to skiing and surf

35、ing in para. 9 meansa. to learn surfing is slower than to learn snowboarding.b. to learn skiing is easier than to learn snowboarding.c. to learn surfing is faster than to learn skiing.d. to learn snowboarding is slower than to learn surfing.（分数：5.00）a. b.c.d.解析：语义理解题。该句话意为：单板滑雪是很快能被学会的，特别是和雪橇滑雪与冲浪相比

36、；可见学习单板滑雪要比学习雪橇滑雪以及冲浪容易得多，花的时间也要少得多，故选 a。同时排除 b、d；文章并没有将雪橇滑雪和冲浪作对比，故 c也不选。(6).what is the authors attitude towards snowboarding?a. indifferent.b. approving. c. negative.d. objective.（分数：5.00）a.b. c.d.解析：观点态度题。本文涉及作者观点的内容在最后一段。原文说，“单板滑雪真是一项很棒的运动，而且你会上瘾的”由此可见，作者对这项运动是大加推崇的，因此答案选 b。a“漠不关心的”、c“否定的”和 d“客

37、观的”均与原文意思不符。四、btext c/b(总题数：1，分数：25.00)the masters of business administration (mba), the best-known businessschool label, is an introduction to general management. the traditionalmba, harvard style, has remained largely unaltered since the 1950s, andseeks to provide a thorough knowledge of business

38、functions through thecase studya feature incidentally borrowed from law school. in a similarfashion to law school, the graduate management programs train studentsto think in a particular way, ultimately teaching future business leadershow to analyze problems quickly and contrive concise solutions. h

39、owever,business comprises more than merely manipulating numbers or sourcingrational answers to problems. today, both companies and schools areincreasingly aware that business is a human activity; its ultimately byand about people.john quelch is a business school insider who detects the limitations o

40、fthe traditional syllabus. according to quelch, leadership is an area thatschools have not fully addressed. the basic technical training managersneed is more widespread. but leadership skills are in short supply. thiscould become a major constraint on the speed with which multinationalcompanies can

41、expand, he says.leadership is notoriously hard to teach, but programs do have the capacityto provide a grounding in non-business areas and personal growth. youwant to produce graduates who will be effective. to do this, they needto know their own skills. our job is not only to cram finance down thei

42、rthroats, but help develop them as people, explains leo murray, directorof cranfield school of management in the u. k.cranfield uses philosophy in its core, which since 1997 has offered anevening lecture series including both aristotelian and present-daythinking. self-awareness is crucial at the sch

43、ool, which will grant thetheme even more space. these issues help people think, states murray. the better you understand yourself, goes the logic, the better you canmanage others. the said business school (sbs) at oxford universitychampions a more integrated approach. john kay, sbs director, is keen

44、 toleverage the intellectual might of the wider university. access to facultyfrom other disciplines including philosophy, politics and economics, hebelieves, could give sbs an edge over other schools. these are surely stepsin the right direction. but there is more. in future, developing a gutinstinc

45、t for business may be as important as understanding the figures.to create an mba to meet the challenges of the 21 st century businessschools will have to try harder, and they know it.（分数：25.00）(1).which quality of todays mba is highly valued?a. a thorough knowledge of business functions.b. the abili

46、ty to do case study.c. the capacity of manipulating numbers.d. something other than technical training.（分数：5.00）a.b.c.d. 解析：事实细节题。第一段第二句谈到，传统的 mba模式试图通过“个案研究”来提供“商业运作方面的知识”；接着又在该段末尾说，然而商业不仅是“操控数字”，当今的学校和公司都越来越强烈地意识到商业是人类的活动，它最终要靠人类来实现并围绕人类展开。综上所述，当今受到高度重视的不再是专业的技术训练，故 d正确，同时排除 a、b、c。(2).what is the

47、main restriction on the development of multinational companies?a. the traditional syllabus.b. unawareness of business schools.c. lacking in leadership skill training.d. basic technical training.（分数：5.00）a.b.c. d.解析：事实细节题。由题干关键词 restriction和 multinational companies，将信息定位于第二段末句。该句明确提到“这可能会成为制约跨国公司发展速度

48、的主要因素”，因此解答本题的关键是弄清“这”所指代的对象。由其前一句“经理们需要更广泛的基础技能培训，但领导技能的培训供应不足”可知，本题答案为 c，同时看出 d是对该句信息的错误理解；a、b在该段都有提到，但不是主要的制约因素，不符合题意。(3).according to leo murray, how can schools provide more effective graduates?a. by teaching them leadership. b. by knowing their skills.c. by cramming down finance.d. by developi

49、ng them as individuals.（分数：5.00）a.b.c.d. 解析：事实细节题。由题干关键词 provide more effective graduates，将信息定位于第三段第三、四句to do this.，由此可知 d是第四句中 help develop them as people的同义转述，故正确。第三段首句提到“传授领导能力是件很难的事”，但它不是 leo murry的观点，故 a不选；b的干扰性极大，但原文提到的是要让学生了解自己的技能，而不是学校去了解，故该项也不正确；c与该段第四句的意思相反。(4).cranfieid offers an evening

50、lecture series on philosophy toa. teach philosophical implications of finance theories.b. promote the candidates leadership.c. test a more integrated approach to mba education.d. compete with the said business school.（分数：5.00）a.b. c.d.解析：事实细节题。第四段提到，该学院提供的哲学系列的讲座有助于人们去思考，如果你越能更透彻地理解自我，你越能更好地去管理别人。由此

51、可见，该课程是为了提高毕业生的领导能力，故b正确。a“教授金融理论的哲学含义”是对原文信息的胡乱猜测；c“测试 mba教育的一种更复杂的方法”、d“与赛德学院竞争”文中均未提及。(5).according to the passage, the author believes thata. traditional mba programs stress the candidates working experience.b. technical training alone is inadequate for todays business leaders.c. leadership can

52、never be taught in mba programs.d. a gut instinct for business is unreliable in decision-making,（分数：5.00）a.b. c.d.解析：推理判断题。第一段提到，商业不仅仅是操控数字或搜寻对问题的理性回答越来越强烈地意识到商业是人类的活动，它最终要靠人类实现并围绕人类展开。由此可知，选项 b“专门技术训练对当今的领导人来说是远远不够的”正确。选项 a原文未提及；由第三段第一句 leadership is notoriously hardto teach, but.即可排除 c；文中最后一段肯定了直觉

53、(gut instinct)的重要性，故排除 d。五、btext d/b(总题数：1，分数：20.00)right-hand tings are the new assertion of female freedom.as soon as journalists start writing about advertising campaigns, you know the ads are working.in the united states right now, yon can hardly open a magazine withoutreading about the latest t

54、rend in jewellerythe right-hand diamondring.according to these news items, economically independent women, like theones seen on sex and the city, are no longer waiting for a man to buy thema rock for the ring finger of their left hand. married or not, they arebuying their own diamonds, and wearing t

55、hem on the right hand as a symbolof their independence.sales of rings are indeed up, but not all (and maybe none) of this shouldbe traced to a new wave in feminist thinking.in fact, the trend can be traced to september 2003, when the giant de beersdiamond company launched a massive advertising campa

56、ign across the uscalled women of the world, raise your right hand.according to the ads, which appear in top-ten magazines such as vogue,wearing a diamond on the right hand means you are independent and free.obviously, the idea isto get well-paid women to buy their own diamonds,something they traditionally do not do. but in