英语专题讲座：短文改错 (2)

1、高中英语短文改错专题 高三英语组：许莹 题型综述： 短文改错是一种常见的题型，主要检测考生 发现、判断、纠正文章错误和在语篇层面综合利 英语知识的能力。文章中的错误主要涉及词汇、 语法、篇章结构和行文逻辑等方面的内容，它能 全面地考查考生对语言的评价与校正能力以及对 词、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。错误类型可 分为三种：缺词、多词和错词。 新型题型与老题型的短文改错： 首先：设疑方式上的不同：原来的改 错是“短文分10行，每行一个错误”；新 题型的改错是“本题给出约100个单词的 短文，文中有10处错误”，要求考生判断 每个句子是否有错，考察缺词、多词、错 词情况，每行错误数目不定，但每句中最

2、 多有2处错误，且仍以修改词（错词）居 多。 其次，新题型短文改错考查 知识点多样化，但有一定的规律 性：对实词的考查居多，如名词、 动词、动词搭配、形容词、副词 等；对短文时态、人称的一致性 进行考查有所增多；也更侧重对 短文逻辑错误的考查，如代词、 连词等。 再者，难度增大：新型短文改错在很大程度 上增加了对考生英语综合能力的考查。 除此之外，新型短文改错设题更加贴近考生 生活，所选的文章内容更加富有时代气息。 所选短文多是记叙文、说明文，近年短文改 错的形式虽然有所改变、难度有所增加，但大都是 考生在学习和写作中常犯的错误，所以，老师要帮 助学生掌握好基础知识，辅导学生一定量的训练， 定

3、会成功！ 学情分析学情分析 一一 .考生的英语基础知识考生的英语基础知识 不扎实不扎实 二二.考生缺乏对短文改错命题考生缺乏对短文改错命题 特特 点的点的 了解和做了解和做 题题 规律方法的总规律方法的总 结结 三三.不按规范要求做题不按规范要求做题 解题策略： 一、解题步骤： 1、通读全文，了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的 时态、人称及行文逻辑。尤其是行文逻辑方面的错误， 有时孤立地读一个单句是没有错误的（或是不易看出 错误）但是联系上下文，就会发现该句的问题所在。 在通读全文的同时把一些比较明显的错误先改好，这 样可以为进一步深入地改错扫除障碍 2、分句阅读，逐个找错。做完上述工作后，就要

4、进入逐句改错的阶段。此时要注意对文中的词法、句 法和语篇等进行着重分析。 3、把改好的短文再读一遍，检查答案是否正确， 看看是否还有不妥之处，并最终敲定答案。 二、注意问题 短文改错是改“错”，而不是把文中 的表达法改成另外一种表达方式。很多考生 对这个概念比较模糊，把原文中并没错的形 式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式，虽然改 后的表达法也是对的，但这样做偏离了这类 题型的答题要求，因而也不能得分。在做短 文改错时，不能改变短文中句子本身的意思。 同样，如果需要改变句子的结构或连词等方 面的错误，也一定要围绕文章的中心意思来 改。 三、解题方法 注：以下方法均为我在平时做 题时自己总结出来的，有

5、些说法 会存在不专业和不成熟，恳请各 位老师指正！ 1、通读全文，理解文章大意 2、注意上下文时态要一致 真题再现：2013陕西卷 One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake. We took ours fishing _ went 3、上下文人称一致 真题再现：2013辽宁卷 Mr. Johnson is a hard working teacher. Every day, he, but outside her room I stopped. _ his 4、注意短语的固定搭配 eg. pay attention to have an effect

6、 on/upon have a good/great/nice time 真题再现：2013全国卷I He was strong and powerful. In a fact 5、adj. adv.之间互改 真题再现：2013陕西卷 Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently._ impatient 解析：get是系动词，后跟adj.作表语 爱心贴士：告诉学生哪些词用形容 词修饰哪些用副词修饰 6、冠词a ,an ,the之间互改 它们的用法参考王萍老师的冠词课件 Lucy is the

7、kind girl, we all like her _ a 真题再现：2013陕西卷 Finally ,there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught. a 解析：fish是可数名词单数，此处第一 次提到，故，前面加a 7、注意and, but 等连词前后句子的一致性 She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived. _ drinking 8、记住常见的不可数名词 advice, information, knowledge,

8、 furniture, luggage，progress,experience 9、a few, few, a litter, litter Tips：a few, a litter表肯定，few, litter表否定 a few， few+名词复数 a litter， litter+不可数名 词 10、and, but，so之间互改 11、-ed结尾的adj. ing结尾的adj.互改 爱心提示： -ed结尾的adj. 修饰人 ing结 尾的adj.修饰物 12、adv.放在句首作状语 真题再现：2013全国卷II This custom soon becomes another meal

9、of day. Interesting, it had a connection by the _ Interestingly 13、有些单词词意重复，改时去掉一个。 常见的有：enter与into return与back We entered into the bar and ordered two coffees 14、here, there之间互改 15、here, there ,home, anywhere等地 点副词前不用to等介词 真题再现：2012陕西卷 ,but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel 16、注意以下几个词adj.

10、 adv.就是本身 hard, late, straight等 I am sure that if you study hardly, you will succeed. _ hard 17、after与 later, before与 ago , three days after, well leave for Beijing. _ later 18、one of后用名词复数 19、关于more People, in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 解析：此处long不是多音节词

11、比较级重复， 所以去掉more 20、when, where之间互改 爱心贴士：when表瞬间 21、a lot of/lots of与a lot 22、英语中although与but不连用 because与so不连用 23、so, such之间互改 记住：so修饰adj. adv.原级 such修饰名词 24、主谓搭配要一致 Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of _ gives 25、什么时候用形容词性物主代词，什么 时候用名词性物主代词 真题再现：2012陕西卷

12、 It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who mine 爱心贴士：让学生死记: a/an/any+n.+of+名词性物主代词 26、出现具体时间用介词on 27、让学生死记：从句中出现，that或 介词+that，一定是that错 She inspired us to read and write for pleasure, that gave us 28、the +比较级，the+比较级 _ which 下面进入实战演练吧！ May you succeed! My father and I

13、stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the 真题真题 7 2012 年陕西卷年陕西卷 visited so/and comfortab

14、le was free high-speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend

15、of me who is going to Beijing. with taken dishes mine a Dear Diana, Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend, Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a result, there

16、 was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless 真题真题6 2012年辽宁卷年辽宁卷 had of Unfortunately as miles until/till the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.

17、 They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way to home. Much love, Fiona there We 真题5 2012年新课标全国卷 I learned early in life that I had to be more pa tient and little aggressive. From the time I was abou t four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the

18、toys worked, but wh en things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. Whe n I less toys went go them my what tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my fath er said, Thats it. No more toys to you. My punishme

19、nt lasted a year. Meanwhile, I foun d out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on. tore for could/might 真题真题 4 2013 年辽宁卷年辽宁卷 Mr. Johnson is a hardworking teacher. Every day, he spends too much time with his work. With little sleep and hardly any break, s

20、o he works from morning till night. Hard work have made him very ill. He has ruined his healthy. We are worried about him. That is which other teachers say. Yesterday afternoon, I paid visit to Mr. on has health what a Johnson. I was eager to see him, but outside her room I stopped. I had to calm my

21、self down. Quietly I step into the room. I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together. I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him. his stepped pictures much 真题3 2013年陕西卷 My grandfather and I enjoy fishing. One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake.

22、We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water. Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently. I wanted to give up, and my grandfather went our After impatient but told me to wait a little longer. Finally,

23、 there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught. Within the next few minute, my grandfather also caught a fish. Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. It was delicious. was a minutes Feeling 真题真题2 2013年新课标全国卷年新课标全国卷 The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea

24、 in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800s. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. This custom soon becomes another meal of day. Interesting, it had a connection by the British having which became the interestingly with/to porcelain(瓷器瓷器) industry. Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. When tea got popular in Britain, there was a cr