管理学教程Decision-making决策(管理英语)

1、 DecisionProblemProceduresExamples Programmedrepetitive routine rules standard operating procedures policies Business: processing payroll voucher College: processing admission applicants Non- programmed complex novel creative problem solving Business: introducing a new product College: Constructing

2、new classroom facilities The nature of the problem, how frequently it arises, and the degree of uncertainty surrounding it should dictate the appropriate level of management for making the decision. . The rational approach to individual decisions stresses the need for systematic analysis of a proble

3、m followed by choice and implementation in a logical step by step sequence. The significance of rational approach: The rational approach was developed to guide individual decisions because many managers were observed to be unsystematic and arbitrary in their approach to organizational decisions. Not

4、e: The rational model is an “ideal” not fully achievable in the real world of uncertainty , complexity, and rapid change, the model does help managers think about decisions more clearly and rationally. Managers should use systematic procedures to make decisions whenever possible. Identify and define

5、 the problem Develop alternative solutions Evaluate alternative solutions Certainty conditionsRisk conditionsUncertainty conditions Select alternative Implement decision Evaluate and control Three types of problems Purpose: to achieve a predetermined objective by solving a problem Steps: implementation, control, evaluation Instead of be an optimizer, the decision ma