高考英语阅读训练掌握主旨大意

1、1 2 英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普 文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志 中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问 题。考生应能：题。考生应能： 2 2、根据上下文推断生词的词义、根据上下文推断生词的词义 3 3、对文中具体事实和细节进行理解、对文中具体事实和细节进行理解 4 4、对作者的意图进行推理和判断、对作者的意图进行推理和判断 、掌握文章的主旨大意、掌握文章的主旨大意 3 1.The subject/

2、topic of the paragraph（ passage/article） is . 2.The paragraph（textpassage）deals with_. Can you tell me which question forms belong to getting the main idea? 4 方法一：主题句定位法方法一：主题句定位法 怎样掌握文章的主旨大意？怎样掌握文章的主旨大意？ 主题句的位置主题句的位置 How to get the main idea of passages? 5 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your heal

3、th. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease (illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch

4、 colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?（2011山东卷）山东卷） 主题句位置主题句位置 Exercise 1.主题句在开头主题句在开头 6 Exercise People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some pref

5、er chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti（意大利细面条）, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-food: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （2009湖北卷）湖北卷） 7 For

6、 example, the panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed(毛绒的) pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. (2011安徽卷安徽卷)

7、 Exercise first, second, to begin with , first, for one thing For example, 8 One of the most important uses of gold is for money. Gold can be used to make rings, earrings， and other things，Gold is also used to make a gold leaf, a very flat ribbon of gold that is often used on picture frames(框架).Cups

8、 and dishes can also be made from gold. Gold has many uses. (2012江苏卷江苏卷) 主题句位置主题句位置 Exercise 2.主题句在结尾主题句在结尾 9 Exercise Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic（民 主的） discussion type of class

9、. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. (2011福建卷) 10 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own

10、 weakness. on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore Exercise So 11 People who live in countries with many doctors and modern hospitals are worlds healthiest people - right？Not necessarily. Some groups of people who have no doctors or hospitals at all are among the worlds healthiest. For exampl

11、e，people who live on small, faraway islands get very few diseases because there are no outsiders(外人外人) to bring in germs (病菌病菌)or new illness.(2011陕西卷) 主题句的位置主题句的位置 Exercise 3.主题句在中间主题句在中间 12 Exercise Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so hel

12、pful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet（壁橱壁橱） is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire(篝火篝火) has been out.(2012重庆卷) 13 Joe is happy abo

13、ut being on a bowling team that bowls once a week. He also enjoys playing basketball twice a month. During the summer，he tries to play baseball on weekends. Joe really does enjoy all sports activities. He goes swimming as often as he can. Whenever he cant participate(参加) directly，he loves to watch a

14、 football game or a golf or tennis match. （2011辽宁卷）辽宁卷） Exercise 14 Good manners are important in all countries，but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks ,Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Japanese bo

15、w. Many American men open doors for women；Japanese men do not. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.(2010河南卷) 主题句的位置主题句的位置 Exercise 4.主题句在段首和段尾主题句在段首和段尾 15 Su Pu long has helped at least 1000 people bitten (咬) by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites

16、(伤口) that led me to this career,” he said. “I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a clo

17、th tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted Bring me the knife! Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.” “The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” Su said. （2012安徽卷) Exercise 16 An ant(蚂

18、蚁蚂蚁)can pick up an object more than fifty times its own weight. A bee can pull a load more than one hundred and fifty times its weight. If we were as strong in proportion (比例比例)to our size, we could pull a five-ton truck ？ If we had the jumping ability of a grasshopper(蚱蜢蚱蜢)，we could leap a third th

19、e length of a football field！ （2010山东卷） animals strength 主题句的位置主题句的位置 Exercise 5无主题句无主题句 17 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred(转学转学) to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors (优等成绩优等成绩). Harvard Law School and, lat

20、er, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background(背景）背景）. He is presently a corporation (大公司大公司) lawyer in Miami, Florida. （2012重庆卷）重庆卷） A. Tom received an excellent education. Exercise B.A good lawyer needs good education. 18 方法二：方法二： 从段落中从段落中寻找高频率词寻找高频率词 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，任何一篇文

21、章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此， 许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的 中心词，即中心词，即高频词高频词，也叫做，也叫做主题词。主题词。 19 As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are a

22、bout 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, p

23、ractically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals(间隔间隔). They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing(防水的防水的) covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concret

24、e(混凝土的混凝土的) lining(内层内层). Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. In the event of fire, the fire main(消防用水管消防用水管), which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the si

25、de of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones. （2011全国卷）全国卷） 20 The passage is mainly about _. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two tunnels D. the design of two tunnels 21 There are many ad

26、vantages for the social science major because this high-tech Information Age demands people who are flexible (灵活 的) and who have good communication skills. There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example , a number of research studies found that soci

27、al science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature (特点) of the kind of high speed, high- pressure, high-tech world we now live in

28、. Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most so

29、ught-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted as very important by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more diffic

30、ult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don t regret their choice of study. （2009全国卷） 22 . The passage is mainly about _. A . social science graduate can find job easily. B . social science graduate cant find job easily. C .social scienc

31、e majors have many advantages. D. social science majors havent many advantages. C 23 24 Exercise1 Rats(鼠鼠) are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by .They eat half of the grain harvested in

32、 the world. （ 2012江西卷）江西卷） This paragraph mainly tells us . A. that we are short of grain because of rats B. why rats are still an enemy of people C. how rats destroy our food D. why rats cause disease B 25 Exercise2 Magellans(麦哲伦)men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them mo

33、re than two years to do so by ship. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they cou

34、ld not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust.(木屑木屑) Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued thei

35、r voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope(好望角好望角). By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but

36、a huge ball. （2012辽宁卷）辽宁卷） Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Magellans death B. Going Around The World C. The World Is Round D. Magellans Voyage 26 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean,