[自学考试密押题库与答案解析]外语教学法自考题模拟15

1、自学考试密押题库与答案解析外语教学法自考题模拟15自学考试密押题库与答案解析外语教学法自考题模拟15外语教学法自考题模拟15.Multipe Choice问题:1. _ first used the term communicative competence in deliberate contrast to Chomskys linguistic competence.A.SternB.AsherC.KrashenD.Hymes答案:D解析 交际能力(Communicative competence)是海姆斯为了把自己的交际语言观与乔姆斯基的语言能力理论相区别而创造出来的。交际能力不仅是指将

2、语法规则用以构成语法正确的句子的能力，而且也包括知道在何时何地使用这些句子，以及用于何种对象的能力。而乔姆斯基的语言能力(Linguistic Competence)是话语者所具有的抽象语言能力的特征。问题:2. American structuralism started in_.A.the early 20th centuryB.the late 20th centuryC.the early 19th centuryD.the late 1930s and 40s答案:A解析 传统语言学兴起于早在公元前5世纪，美国结构主义语言学始于20世纪初，流行于20世纪30年代和40年代，20世纪6

3、0年代乔姆斯基创立了转换生成语言学，同时代功能语言学派也兴盛起来，至今转换生成语言学和功能语言学是世界两大语言学阵营。问题:3. The revolution in linguistic theory in the 1960s refers to the arrival of the _.A.Structuralist theoryB.Communicative linguisticsC.Transformational-Generative linguisticsD.Habit-formation theory答案:C解析 1957年，乔姆斯基出版了他的专著句法结构，这本书及随之产生的一个新

4、学派转换生成语言学，在语言学界掀起了一场革命。问题:4. The 1920s saw the emergence of a new psychological school called _ founded by a group of psychologists.A.cognitive psychologyB.behaviourist psychologyC.psychoanalysisD.Gestalt psychology答案:D解析 格式塔心理学产生于20世纪20年代，由德国心理学家韦特墨、考夫卡和勒文等人所创立。1890年弗洛伊德提出精神分析的心理学理论，1913年美国心理学家华生发表

5、了题为行为主义者眼中的心理学被认为是将行为主义正式引入心理学领域，直到20世纪60年代，行为主义开始从其支配地位走下坡路，其地位逐渐被一种新的认知心理学所取代，代表人物皮亚杰和乔姆斯基。问题:5. Palmer and some other linguists of his time believed that _ played one of the most important roles in foreign language learning.A.grammarB.phoneticsC.vocabularyD.rhetoric答案:C解析 帕尔默和当时其他的一些语言学家都认为词汇在外语学

6、习中的地位非常重要。问题:6. A variety of games, role-plays, situations, etc. are _ communicative activities prepared to support the Communicative Language Teaching.A.text-basedB.task-basedC.game-basedD.situation-based答案:B解析 交际法当前使用的教材主要有三种，它们分别是篇章型、任务型和实物型。任务型教材为了配合交际法教学，设计了各种各样的游戏、角色表演、模仿和任务型的交际活动。问题:7. Which

7、of the following dictionaries is a great contribution made by Hornby to EFL teaching?A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.The Concise Oxford Dictionary.C.Everymans English Pronouncing Dictionary.D.The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English.答案:D解析 霍恩比在分析英语语言时，将其主要语法结构分成若干种可以用来进行口头练

8、习的句型。这种句型分类被写进了1953年出版的当代高级英语学生词典，这是为学英语的外国学生编写的第一本英语词典。问题:8. The Direct Method got its name from the assumption that meanings are to be connected directly with _, without going through the process of translating into the students native language.A.the first languageB.the native languageC.the target

9、 languageD.the learners language答案:C解析 直接法之所以被称为直接法，是由于它认为应当把想表达的意思和目标语直接联系起来，而不要先转换成母语这个过程。问题:9. Noam Chomsky wrote the book _.A.LanguageB.Syntactic StructuresC.How to Teach a Foreign LanguageD.The Practical Study of Languages答案:B解析 乔姆斯基是转换生成语言学的创始人，1957年他出版了他的专著句法结构(Syntactic Stractures)，这本书在语言学界掀

10、起了一场革命。语言(Language)的作者是美国结构主义语言学之父布鲁姆菲尔德。如何教外语(How to Teach a Foreign Language)的作者是叶斯帕森。语言的实用研究(The Practical Study of Languages)的作者是斯威特。问题:10. The Cognitive Approach gives importance to the learner s active part in the process of using and learning a language, particularly in the learning of_.A.rul

11、es of spellingB.rules of word-formationC.rules of pronunciationD.rules of grammar答案:D问题:11. Stimulus, response and reinforcement is behavioural psychology used in _in language teaching.A.the Direct MethodB.the Natural ApproachC.the Cognitive ApproachD.the Audiolingual Method答案:D解析 听说法的学习理论基础是行为主义心理学

12、，行为主义心理学认为刺激(stimulus)、反应(response)和强化(reinforcement)是三个重要的概念，语言是一套语言习惯，这种语言习惯是通过确认并强化刺激与反应之间的联系而形成的。A直接法的学习理论基础是联想主义心理学(associationist psychology)，B自然法的学习理论基础是克拉申的自我监测模式(Monitor Model)，C认知法的学习理论基础是认知心理学(cognitive psychology)。问题:12. The Grammar-Translation Method dominated foreign language teaching_

13、.A.from mid-19th century to mid-20th centuryB.from 1920s to 1940sC.from the late 18th century to early 19th centuryD.from 1910s to 1930s答案:C解析 语法翻译法始于18世纪末到19世纪初，直接法贯穿19世纪末到20世纪初，口语法兴盛于20世纪二三十年代，接着是听说法产生于20世纪50年代中期，认知法产生于20世纪60年代，自然法在20世纪70年代被提出，70年代后期交际法产生。问题:13. Chomsky has made the distinction be

14、tween linguistic competence and_.A.linguistic performanceB.communicative competenceC.reading performanceD.universal grammar答案:A解析 乔姆斯基把人类语言划分为语言能力(Linguistic competence)和语言行为(Linguistic performance)，语言能力指的是说母语的人所具有的母语知识；语言表达能力是指母语使用者说出的具体话。选项B交际能力(Communicative Competence)是海姆斯(Hymes)为了把自己的交际语言观与乔姆斯基

15、的语言能力理论相区别而创造出来的，不仅是指乔姆斯基所说的语言能力，而且也包括知道在何时何地使用这些句子，以及用于何种对象的能力。选项D是乔姆斯基另一个重要观点，他认为儿童的大脑里生来就有一个语言习得机制(LAD)，这一机制由一套通用语法规则组成，被称为通用语法(Universal grammar)。问题:14. According to the Natural Approach,_ is not absolutely essential for language acquisition.A.writingB.readingC.speakingD.listening答案:C解析 自然法认为语言习

16、得中说的作用并不重要。人们习得语言是通过他们听到(或读到)和理解到的语言内容，而不是通过说。问题:15. The Natural Approach believes that the teaching of _ should be delayed until comprehension skills are established.A.listeningB.speakingC.readingD.writing答案:B解析 自然法强调语言理解的核心，并认为只有具备了理解能力才能教授说的技能。.Filling Blanks问题:1. _ Method emphasizes on written l

17、anguage and memorization of grammatical rules.答案:Grammar-translation解析 语法翻译法中语法被看作是语言的核心，阅读和写作(reading and writing)是教学的重点，母语成了主要中介语言，主要教学实践都是用目标语言进行翻译(translation)，句子是语言教学的基本单位，并且要求学生记忆(Memorization)两种语言对应的词汇表和语法规则。问题:2. _ and _ are emphasized by the Oral Approach.答案:Vocabulary, grammar解析 口语法强调词汇在外语

18、学习中的重要地位，其教学目标也重在语法结构的分析，是以语法为基础(grammar-based)的教学法，语法与词汇按难易程度分层次(Principles of grammatical and lexical gradation)教学，而新的语言点通过有意义的情景活动(meaningful situation-based activities)得到展示与练习。问题:3. The _ Method insists that only the target language should be used in class and meanings should be communicated dir

19、ectly by associating speech forms with actions, objects, mime, gesture and situations.答案:Direct解析 直接法要求在课堂教学中只用目标语进行教学，利用动作、实物、表情、手势和情景来“直接”表达语言的意义，认为应当把想表达的意思和目标语直接联系起来，而不要先转换成母语这个过程。问题:4. Notions, according to Van Ek and Alexander, are domains in which we use _ to express thought and feeling.答案: l

20、anguage解析 按照范埃克和亚历山大的观点，意念既抽象又具体。抽象的意念指的是存在、空间、时间、数量、质量等抽象概念。人们总是在这些范畴内用语言来表达自己的思想和情感。问题:5. The Audiolingual Method develops the separation of the language _ into a pedagogical device, that is, listening, speaking, reading and writing.答案:skills解析 根据结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学的理论，听说法把语言分成听、说、读、写四种技能。问题:6. What t

21、he Chinese teachers and learners need is not blind application of foreign methods, nor is electicism, but_.答案:judgement解析 中国英语教学界的人们在努力寻求一种既有科学根据又符合中国国情，能满足中国教师和学生需要的方法。这种需要不是盲目的照搬(blind applications)，也不是折中(electisism)，而是判断(judgment)。问题:7. The learning theory of Audiolingualism, an empirically based

22、 approach to the study of human behaviour, is _ psychology.答案:behavioral解析 听说法的学习理论是行为主义心理学。行为主义心理学是一种以实验的方法研究人类行为的科学。问题:8. The Natural Approach considers _ as the most important element of any language teaching program.答案:input解析 语言输入假设试图回答了人们是如何习惯语言这一关键的问题。这一假设认为人们习得语言的唯一途径理解信息，即接受“可理解的输入”。自然法认为语言

23、输入(input)是任何一种语言教学大纲中最重要的部分。问题:9. In the Grammar-Translation Method, the first language was maintained as the _ system in the acquisition of the target language.答案:reference解析 语法翻译法课堂上，教师主要用第一语言(母语)进行语法学习、翻译练习等；学生的第一语言被看作是学习目标语的参照系统。问题:10. Chomsky noted the distinction between linguistic_ and lingui

24、stic performance.答案:competence解析 乔姆斯基把人类语言划分为语言能力(Linguistic competence)和语言行为(Linguistic performance)，他强烈反对结构主义提出的刺激反应论，认为语言习得并不是由纯粹的外界语言刺激造成的。语言能力指的是说母语的人所具有的母语知识；语言表达能力是指母语使用者说出的具体话。问题:11. The Grammer-Translation Method believes that grammar is the _ of language, and language materials are arrange

25、d according to the grammar system.答案:core解析 语法翻译法强调讲授第二语言语法，语法被看作语言的核心，因此，是外语课堂教学的主要内容，学习语法的过程是训练智能(minds)的重要手段，教材内容是根据语法体系来安排的。问题:12. The Natural Approach believes that skills acquired through _ transfer to other skills.答案:listening解析 自然法认为，只有通过听力获得的技能才可以转化为其他技能。问题:13. The _ Method uses translation

26、 and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities.答案:Grammar-Translation解析 语法翻译法以翻译和语法学习作为主要的教学活动。问题:14. The generative linguist is interested not only in_ language but also in explaining language. In other words, they attempt to find the what as well as the why in the study of languag

27、e.答案:describing解析 认知法认为语言学习是一种积极的心智活动过程，而不是简单的习惯形成过程。语言学家不再把语言看作是一套独特、任意的有声符号系统。受诺姆乔姆斯基(Noam clomsky)的影响。乔姆斯基试图表明：不能简单地按照看得见的“刺激和反应”或通过证实语言学家收到的大量原始资料出发来考虑语言。生成语言学家不仅对语言的描述感兴趣，也对语言的解释感兴趣。即研究语言学习的内容和语言学习的原因。问题:15. The Audiolingual Method uses _ as the main form of language presentation and drills as

28、the main training techniques.答案:dialogues解析 听说法运用对话(dialogues)作为其语言教学的主要方式。.Matching 1) _ the Direct Method 2) _ the Audiolingual Method 3) _ the Oral Approach 4) _ the Communicative Approach 5) _ the Cognitive Approach a) cognitive psychology and transformational grammar b) Notional Syllabus or som

29、e other communicatively organized syllabus c) language acquisition and associationist psychology d) British structuralism e) structural linguistics 1.答案:c在直接法教学家看来，外语学习与母语习得是类同的，他们常常用联想主义心理学(associationist psychology)来解释所涉及的学习过程。根据德国学者弗兰克的心理学原理，应当把目标语的语言形式和意思直接联系起来。在课堂教学中通过积极运用所学的语言来学习这种语言是最好的，因此，直接

30、法强调把语言与直接环境中的客观事物和人直接联系起来。2.答案:e听说法的语言理论基础是美国结构主义，根据结构主义的观点，语言成分是以一定规则(rule governed)或结构(structure)出现的，语言实例可以在任何结构层次上详尽描述。3.答案:d口语教学法/情景教学法的语言理论基础可以说是英国的一种结构主义。英国的语言学家们通过描述语言的基本元素(basic elements)来分析语言，这是他们遵循的传统，他们认为语言的基本元素都遵循一定的规则(rule-governed)，也就是说，低一级的词类(如名词、形容词)可导致高一级的短语和句子系统。英国结构主义不同于美国结构主义，他们侧

31、重于“语境和情景”(context and situation)，认为语言结构与使用语言的语境与情景之间有着非常密切的关系。4.答案:b威尔金斯的著作意念大纲及其他以交际为主线而制定的大纲，对于交际教学法的发展有深刻的影响，功能意念大纲最显著的特点是，它强调把功能作为英语语言课程设置的基本组成部分，而结构主义把语法结构当作教材的基本组成部分。5.答案:a认知法的语言理论基础是转换生成语言学，学习理论是和行为主义心理学相对立的认知心理学。.Questions for Brief Answers问题:1. Do you think that, in second language acquisit

32、ion process, acquisition will continue to happen for adults? Why or why not?答案: Yes. Acquisition takes place during real communication in the language and is considered to be the source of the learners ability to use the language in unstructured interaction. Teachers can entirely simulate in the cla

33、ssroom an environment that will be similar to the context in which adults acquire their first language, as they create utterances to express their own thoughts. Teachers can also create a variety of major activities in the classroom which leads to produce active interactions in the second language.

34、Through these major activities and techniques, the innate capacities to acquire a language that all adults possess will be tapped. Classroom with interesting and meaningful language input may be a very good place for adults to acquire the second language.问题:2. What language ability does Hymes commun

35、icative competence refer to?答案:It refers to the ability (1) to apply the grammatical rules so as to form grammatically correct sentences and (2) to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom. 问题:3. What is the basic theory of Gestalt psychology?答案:Gestalt psychology appeared in the 1920s

36、. Its research was focused on the area of perception, aiming at the exploration of the relationship between parts and whole in peoples perceptional experience. It claimed that people perceived objects and scenes as organized wholes before they noticed their component parts. The word Gestalt means or

37、ganized shape or whole form in English.问题:4. Could you please name any two of Daniel Jones works on English phonetics?答案: (They are) The Pronunciation of English, A Phonetic Dictionary of the English Language, English Pronouncing Dictionary, and Outline of English Phonetics.问题:5. Is the Communicativ

38、e Approach a useful one for all proficiency levels, particularly for beginners?答案: Generally speaking, the Communicative Approach can be a useful teaching method for all proficiency levels. The Communicative Approach emphasizes that the goal of language learning is communicative competence. We can make use of whatever learning and teaching techniques which help the learners develop their communicative competence. On condition that we follow the basic principles of the Communicative Approach, such as information gap activities, m