（推荐）中考英语语法专题讲练结合17从句

1、宾语从句1、 定义：宾语从句在主句中起宾语的作用。可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句由连词that，whether，if；代词who，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever和副词when，where，how，why等引导。2、 怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句1 在动词后作宾语(动宾): Do you know where he comes from。2.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语: He asked me when we would leave.3在介词后作宾语(介宾)： Lets talk about how we solve t

2、his problem. 4.在Im sorry, Im afraid, Im sure等结构后的句子是形容词的宾语从句，此类形容词多表示说话人的情感。三、宾语从句需注意的时态问题1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。He says (that) he will have a walk soon. （soon指将来，从句用将来时） The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school. （暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时） I want to know who came here late this morning. （今早已过去，

3、从句用过去时）2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。 He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well. She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong.3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.4.宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈述句语序。 Could you tell me when you will get back

4、 to Wuhan?（不是will you） Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she)状语从句一、定义： 状语从句是在复合句中充当状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句。状语从句放在主句之前，常用逗号隔开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号隔开。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点状语从句九种。二、分类：1、时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。用一般现在时表示将来时。时间状语的连接词：when(当时候) while(当时候) as(当时候) after(在以后) before(在以

5、前) as soon as(一就) since(自从到现在) till /until(直到才) by the time(到为止)no sooner.than(一就 ，不久，即刻)(1)when、while、as引导时间状语从句的区别。When既可以表示时间点又表示时间段。While表示时间段和对比转折。As强调两个动作同时发生。When（不同于while)I got off the bus I fell down.(时间点）When （=while）I was in china I visited many places of interest.(时间段）As the students wal

6、ked to their bedrooms,they sang happily.Mary was dressed in blue while Jane was dressed in red.(2) until引导时间状语从句时，如果主句谓语动词是延续性动词，则主句用肯定式，反之用否定式。He worked until it was dark.I dont manage to do it until you had explained how.(3)since引导的时间状语从句It is (has been)5 years since I left my hometown.2、 地点状语从句 地

7、点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。（注意不要和where引导的定语从句相混淆）例如： Where I live there are plenty of trees. This is the house where Lu Xun once lived. Wherever I am I will be thinking of my hometown. 3、方式状语从句 方式状语从句放在主句之后，通常由as, just as，as if, as though引导。as if, as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况实现的可能性较

8、大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的。例如： The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.You may do as you please.The boy speaks just as his father does.4、原因状语从句 由because, since, as和for引导。1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。例如： I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is

9、 so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如： He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的常见句式有： /so that /may(1)主语+v.+ +主+-might +do sth. in order that should 主语+v.+-in order

10、 to+ do sth. so as toYou must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. Lets take the front seats that we may see more clearly.6、结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的几种句式：(1) so+adj./adv.+that 从句/as to do sth.(2) so+adj.+a(n)+n.+that.(3) Such+a(n)+adj.+n.+that.(4) .so that.例如： The boy is so young that

11、 he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school. 7、条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。 unless = if not.例如： Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk. 典型例题

12、 You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. ifD. or 8、让步状语从句 让步状语从句由though, although，as, even if ,however, no matter who(how).等词或短语引导。由as引导的让步状语从句，须将作表语的形容词或名词（名词前不用冠词）放在句首。由though, although引导的状语从句，主句不能用but.no matter who/what.在引导让步状语从句时可用whoever等替换，引导名词性从句则不能互换。Clever as he is,h

13、e doesnt work hard.Child as he is,he knows a lot.Whatever he said is wrong.9、比较状语从句由than, as.as., not so.as.,as many+可数名词+as, as much+不可数名词+as 引导。Air in the country is much fresher than that in the city.It rains more often in shanghai than in Beijing.Our country is as big as the whole of Europe. My

14、room is not so/as big as his.定语从句1、 定义：定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词，从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。 She is a girl who / that is beautiful and kind-hearted. The girl who / that is tall is my s

15、ister. She is a girl (who / whom / that) I know very well. That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. I own a bike whose price is high.I bought a watch (which / that) I paid 100 yuan for. I prefer a place which / that is clean and quiet. I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. I shall n

16、ever forget the day when a boy helped me find my dog. there be 句型一、there be 句型基本认识1、 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.注意事项： there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如： There is a bird i

17、n the tree. There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 二： there be 句型的常考点考点一：各种句型转化。1：变成否定There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如： There are some pictures on the wall. There _ _

18、pictures on the wall. =There are _ _ on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. There _ a bike behind the tree. =There is _ bike behind the tree.2：变成一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。There is some water on Mars. _ _ _ water on Mars? There are some

19、fish in the water. _ _ _ fish in the water? 3：特殊疑问句对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what 引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： There are many things over there. _ over there? There is a little girl in the room._ _ in the room? 对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。如：There is a computer on the desk

20、. _ _ the computer? There are four children on the playground. _ _ the four children? 对数量提问：般有两种句型结构： How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？ How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？考点二：there be 句型的时态。be可以有现在时（there is/are）、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成时(there have/has been)；还可用there

21、 must be ,there cant be, there used to be等。 如： -There _ a concert this evening. -Yeah. Exciting news! A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D. will have考点三：there be 句型反意疑问句的构成：be (not) there? 如：There is some milk in the bottle, _ ? Aisnt there Barent there Cisnt it Dare there 考点四：

22、there be 句型的主谓一致：There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。如：1.There _ any rice in the bowl. A. are B. is C. isnt D. arent 2.There _ many apples on the tree last year. A. have been B. were C. are D. is 考点五：there be 句型用的其他动词：there be 句型中有时不用动词be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie, seem to be , happen to be 如：The

23、re _ a knife and a fork on the table. A. seems to be B. seem to be C. is seeming to be D. are注意事项：there be 句型与have句型的区别(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 如： He has two sons. There are two men in the office. (2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。

24、如： A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 2、 练习I. 选择填空:1. Did you hear _?A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say2. Can you tell me _?A. which class you are in B. which class are you inC. you are in which class D. are you in which class3. -Excuse me. Could you t

25、ell me _? - Certainly.A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which stationC. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station4. Could you tell me where _ yesterday?A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went5. Tom asked me _.A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this wa

26、sC. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was6. Excuse me, could you tell me _?A. wheres the teachers office B. wheres the bus stationC. whats she doing D. where the post office is7. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I dont know _.A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live8. - Go and ask Mr. White for help. - But I dont know _.A. where does he live B. where he livesC. whe