并列连词和就近就远原则

1、并列连词表示并列关系表示并列关系的连词主要含有“和”、“补充”、“增加”等意思。用来表达并列关系的连词有如下几个：and 和 both.and.二者都either.or.或者.或者. neither.nor.既不.也不.as well as 也、连同 not only.but (also). 不但.而且.e.g.I used to live in Paris and London.我过去住在伦敦和巴黎。Both Jane and Jim are interested in pop music.简和吉姆对流行音乐都很感兴趣。She is not only kind but also honest

2、.她不但和蔼而且诚实。Bob as well as his parents is going on holiday this summer.鲍勃和他的父母今年夏天要去度假。表示转折关系常用来表示转折关系的并列连词有如下几个：but 但是 yet 然而still 仍然 while 然而、偏偏e.g.The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很温暖。I explained twice, still he counldnt understand.我解释了两遍，然而他却还不懂。表示选

3、择关系表示选择关系的并列连词：or 或者 or else 否则otherwise 否则neither.nor. 既不.也不.either.or. 或者.或者.e.g.Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?你是想走还是想留？You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday.你可以星期六来也可以星期天来。Neither you nor I nor anyone else believes such things.不管你我或者其他任何人都不会相信这件事。表示因果推理关系表示因果关系的并列连词主要有s

4、o，for，then，therefore 等。e.g.The air here is polluted, so the crops are dying.这里的空气受到了污染，所以庄稼快死了。The leaves of the trees are falling, for its already autumn.树叶在落下，因为秋天已经到来了。注意事项并列连词for引导的分句只能放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开，表示补充说明的微弱理由，只是为前面的内容提供判断的理由，有时译为并列的某种形式。这与because不同，because引导的是一种明确的因果关系，解释原因，常可回答why的提问。特殊情况几个特殊并

5、列连词用法表示并列关系的and，or，well，as，not only.but also. 等连词也有比较活跃的用法。andand 作为并列连词有多重含义，除了可以表示并列关系外，还可以表示顺承、目的、条件、反复等关系。e.g.He went to market and bought some vegetables.(表示顺承，动作的先后发生）他到市场买了一些蔬菜。Come and help me out.(表示目的）过来帮我一下。Be careful and youll make fewer mistakes.(表示条件）如果仔细，你所犯的错就少。or 与 either.or.or表示为“否

6、则”的话，前句一般是祈使句，后句用一般将来时。在表示选择关系时or 与 either.or. 用法相同，但 either.or.更具强调性。在多个对象进行选择时，可以用A or B or C. , either A or B or C. , neither A or B or C. 。e.g.Either Jim or Jake or Jeff knows about this.as well as 与not only. but also.名词+as well as+名词作主语时，强调前面的名词，谓语动词要根据前面的名词而定。not only.but also.连接名词作主语时，其强调在后者，

7、谓语动词要根据后面的名词而定。e.g.China as well as many other countries loves peace.中国与世界上的其他许多国家一样热爱和平。Not only Bill but also his parents want to go traveling by bike.不仅比尔而且他的父母都想骑自行车去旅游。NOTICE：当or，neither.nor.，either.or 等连接主语时，谓语动词由or或nor后面的部分而定。 就近原则1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=Th

8、ere are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither.nor. Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.3.either.or. Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only.but also. Not only Ann but also her parents st

9、ay at home every Sunday.= Not only Anns parents but also she stays at home every Sunday. 就远原则有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including in addition to；apart from；rather than等。例如： Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。 All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。 N