英语动词全面讲解（完整版）

1、动词动词实义动词实义动词系动词系动词助动词助动词情态动词情态动词（一）实义动词（一）实义动词1._ 本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 I like the book.2. _自身意思完整，无需接宾语。 Birds can fly.及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词1 1动词动词+ +宾语宾语I like English very much.I like English very much.2 2动词动词+ +宾语宾语+ +宾补宾补We paint the shelf pink.We paint the shelf pink.加名词作宾补的词有加名词作宾补的词有: : call,

2、choose, consider, elect, call, choose, consider, elect, make, namemake, name及物动词及物动词 1 1）动词）动词+ +宾语宾语+ +不定式不定式(to do) (to do) （宾补）（宾补）advise allow cause enable encouragefind forbid force wish invite order permit persuade remind tell warn expect wish 一 have, let和make, 此三动词是使役，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”一感fe

3、el,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 口诀口诀：colour, keep, find, get,leave,make,paint,cutEg: Please colour it red. I find it interesting.get/leave/keep/set/catch/havesb.doing;see/find/watch/feel/hear/listento/discoversb. doing如:他让我等了整整一上午 。 Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorni

4、ng. 过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有 have ,get, have ,get, makemake have sth donehave sth done Eg: Eg: 我理发了。我理发了。 I have had my hair cut.I have had my hair cut. 我让别人明白了。我让别人明白了。 I made myself heard.I made myself heard.bring, hand, lend ,bring, hand, lend ,mail ,offer ,owe ,pass mail ,offer ,owe ,pass po

5、st ,read,post ,read, return ,return ,send ,sell ,show ,send ,sell ,show ,take ,teach ,tell ,take ,teach ,tell ,throw ,writethrow ,write+ sb +sth/ sth to sbbook ,buy, choose cook, draw ,fetch find ,fix ,get make, order ,pick prepare save sing spare steal+sb sth/ sth for sb1.没有被动形式没有被动形式，如happen,occur

6、,rise,lie,dien2.主动表示被动的词主动表示被动的词 n动词+ (well,poorly,easily)nsell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run, read, operate, break, measure, weigh1.Dry wood burns easily.2.The cloth washes well.他跑的快。He runs fast.他经营一家工厂。He runs a factory.Eg: study，fly，run, change1.She lo

7、oked forward every spring to_ the flower-1.She looked forward every spring to_ the flower-lined garden.lined garden. A.visit B.paying a visit A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in C.walk in D.walking in2.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.2.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A

8、.you to call B.you call A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling C.your calling D.youre calling3.The day he has looked forward to_at last.3.The day he has looked forward to_at last. A.coming B.came C.come D.comes A.coming B.came C.come D.comes4.Mr Smith warned her son _ after drinking

9、. 4.Mr Smith warned her son _ after drinking. A.never to drive B.to never drive A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive C.never driving D.never drive5.She pretended_me when I passed by. 5.She pretended_me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing A.not to see B.not seeing C

10、.to not see D.having not seen C.to not see D.having not seenDCBExerciseAA常见的连系动词有：常见的连系动词有：be, become, turn, get, be, become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, turn, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, turn, fallfall等。等。它们都表示状态的渐变或保持不变，以及表示它们都表示状态的渐变或保持不变，以及表示感觉。后面接形容词构成系表结构。感觉。后面接形容词

11、构成系表结构。EgEg：Please keep the classroom clean. Please keep the classroom clean. The bread looks very fresh. The bread looks very fresh. His plan sounded practical. His plan sounded practical. （二）系动词（二）系动词本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。须和表语一起构成谓语。gocometurngrowfallgetbecome 1.The weather 1.

12、The weather will_hotwill_hot for another two for another two weeks.weeks. A.lastA.last B.remainB.remain C.getC.get D.turnD.turn 2.The hot weather will 2.The hot weather will _another two days.another two days. A.lastA.last B.remainB.remain C.getC.get D.turnD.turn 3.The boss 3.The boss made them _12

13、hours a day.made them _12 hours a day. A.workA.work B.toB.to work work C.workedC.worked D.workingD.working 4.They were made_12 hours a day. 4.They were made_12 hours a day. A.workA.work B.toB.to work work C.workedC.worked D.workingD.workingBAABExercise5.-Have you got a ticket for the concert? 5.-Hav

14、e you got a ticket for the concert? -No, the tickets _well and they -No, the tickets _well and they _out last week. _out last week. A. sell; were sold B. sell; sold A. sell; were sold B. sell; sold C. sell;have been sold D. are sell; sold C. sell;have been sold D. are sell; sold A6.Dont get that ink

15、 on your white shirt for it_. A. wont wash out B. doesnt wash away C isnt washing out D. hasnt washed away7.They tried to get the car _, but it wont_. A. started; start B. to start; start C.started;started D. to start; to startAA助动词是助动词是“辅助性辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独动词，一般没有词义，不能单独 作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，作谓语

16、，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态， 语态，和数的变化。语态，和数的变化。 常见的助动词有：常见的助动词有：（1 1）be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分词结合构成各种进行时态，或与过去与现在分词结合构成各种进行时态，或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。分词结合构成被动语态。 Eg: Im looking for my pen. Eg: Im looking for my pen. （现在进行时）（现在进行时） What were you doing at th

17、is time What were you doing at this time yesterdayyesterday?( ?(过去进行时过去进行时) ) These cups are made in China. These cups are made in China. （被动语态）（被动语态）（三）助动词（三）助动词（2 2）have (has, had, having)have (has, had, having)与过去分词结合构与过去分词结合构成完成时。成完成时。 Eg:Eg: They have known each other for twenty years.They have

18、 known each other for twenty years.（现在完成时）现在完成时） He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.age of ten.（过去完成时）（过去完成时）（3 3） 助动词助动词do (does, did) do (does, did) 后只能跟动词原形，后只能跟动词原形，与与notnot及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。之前构成疑问句

19、。Eg: He does not speak English.Eg: He does not speak English. When did he come back? When did he come back? （4 4）will (would), shall (should)will (would), shall (should)： willwill能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；wouldwould是是willwill的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。形。 Eg:Eg: The plane wil

20、l arrive in ten minutes. The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飞机十分飞机十分中后将要到达。中后将要到达。 I was sure that we would win.I was sure that we would win.我确信用我们会我确信用我们会赢。赢。shallshall与与shouldshould这两个助动词本身没有词义，这两个助动词本身没有词义，shallshall只只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；shouldshould是是shallshall的的过过 去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称

21、后；两者后去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。面都接动词原形。Eg:Eg: We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。我们明天将在校门口见。 I told them that I should do the work alone. I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告诉我告诉 他们我将独自做那项工作。他们我将独自做那项工作。 情态动词在英文中是情态动词在英文中是“

22、辅助性辅助性”动词，用来表示动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。 情态动词的种类：情态动词的种类：（四）情态动词（四）情态动词cant help but do=cant but docant help but do=cant but do =have to do =have t

23、o doI cant help but tell him the truth.I cant help but tell him the truth.1.-I usually go there by train.1.-I usually go there by train. -Why not_by boat for a change? -Why not_by boat for a change? A.to try going B.trying to go A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going C.to try and

24、go D.try going2.-The light in the office is still on.2.-The light in the office is still on. -Oh,I forgot_. -Oh,I forgot_. A.turning it off B.turn it off A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off DC 1) can 1) can的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. _

25、A. _： The girl The girl cancan dance very well. dance very well. B. _ B. _： CanCan the news be true? the news be true? C. _: C. _: Can Can I sit here? I sit here? can & could：表示能力表示推测可能性表请求或允许（多用于疑问否定句中）2) could2) could的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. _A. _ _: _: We all knew that the young man We all knew that the

26、 young man couldnt couldnt be a doctor. be a doctor. 我三岁就能看书了。我三岁就能看书了。 Father said I could go out with my friends.Father said I could go out with my friends.could 是can的过去式, 表示过去 的能力,许可和推测B. could可代替can表示请求, 语气委婉(主要用于疑问句） Could you lend me your bike? Could I use your bike?-Yes， you can.3) 3) They Th

27、ey cant /couldnt cant /couldnt have gonehave gone out because out because the light is still on.the light is still on.cant /couldnt have done 过去否定猜测must do/be 现肯猜cant do/be 现否猜must have done 过肯猜 1). _ 1). _ We We mustmust all die. all die. 人总要死的。人总要死的。 2). _2). _ You You mustmust get up early. get u

28、p early. 你必须早起来。你必须早起来。表示必然性。表示强制/义务。 We We mustntmustnt waste our time. waste our time. - May I take this magazine - May I take this magazine out?out? - No, you - No, you mustntmustnt. . 3). must not : “禁止”。4). must 用于一般疑问句的时候用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答用yes, please 或者 Im afraid so, 其否定回答用 neednt 或者 dont have t

29、o5).5).表示推测，意为表示推测，意为“一定是一定是”, ,语气非常肯定，近语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用在肯定句。乎确定的意味，一般用在肯定句。 must+ v 对现在的推测 It It mustmust be be eleven oclock now. eleven oclock now. He He must must gogo crazy. crazy. must+ have+过去分词 对过去的推测 must+ be+ v-ing 对将来或现在进行时的推测6).6).表示表示“偏偏偏偏”，表达对某事的不满或责备等情，表达对某事的不满或责备等情绪。绪。 Why must it

30、rain on Sunday?Why must it rain on Sunday?may & might may & might ： may may 常用来表示：常用来表示： A. _A. _ MayMay I come in ? I come in ? Yes, please. Yes, please. B. _ B. _表示请求、允许; -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon表示猜测答语避免使用may，以免显得太严肃或太不客气 The road

31、 The road maymay be blocked. be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。这条路可能不通了。 The road The road cancan be blocked. be blocked. 这条路可能会是不通的。这条路可能会是不通的。 在疑问句中，表示可能性用在疑问句中，表示可能性用cancan。 如：如：Where Where cancan he be? he be? 他会在哪呢？他会在哪呢？可能性从大到小: must. can could may might C. _C. _ May you succeed! May you succeed! May you h

32、ave a good journey! May you have a good journey! 表示祝愿;语气较正式:多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。也可以表示现在的可能性，但是比may表示的可能性更小，且might可以用于虚拟语气，may不可以。might 的用法有: She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。 You might get some help from her if she were here. 1).1). I will tell you something important. 我将要告诉你一些重要的事。

33、Nancy will stick to her way of life.I told him not to do it, but he would. will是助动词或是情态动词 用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表“意志/决心”是情态动词。would亦同理，只是表过去。 2). 2). _ If you want help, let me know, will you? If you want help, let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助如果你需要帮助, , 让我知道让我知道, , 好吗好吗? ? Would you type this, please? Would y

34、ou type this, please? 请打印这个，好吗？请打印这个，好吗？ Wont you sit down? Wont you sit down? 请坐下，好吗？请坐下，好吗？ 疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求表委婉不是表过去This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now. The guests would have arrived by that time. I thought you would have finished this by now. This will be the building you a

35、re looking for .3).用“will be”和“will (would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。4)._4)._Would you help us, please? Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？请您帮助我们，好吗？Id go there with you. Id go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。我要和你一块到那儿去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. Teacher wouldnt

36、allow it. 老师不会允许这件事。老师不会允许这件事。（表请求）would比will客气委婉。（表意愿）（表许可） 1). 1). Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时, 助动词）shall用于构成将来时是助动词。（表（表 “决心决心”，情态动词），情态动词）Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？Shall he come in?要他进来吗？ 2).用于征求意见用于征求意见,是情态动词是情态动词,一般用于第一一般用于第一一人称和第三人称一

37、人称和第三人称（表（表 “决心决心”，情态动词），情态动词）Dont worry, you shall get the book.Nothing shall stop us.You shall get what you deserve.He shall be punished if he breaks the rule.No one shall smoke here. 3).用于表允诺，决心，警告，命令用于表允诺，决心，警告，命令,或或颁布法令规定等。用于二三人称。颁布法令规定等。用于二三人称。4).4). You You should should keep your promise. ke

38、ep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。你应该遵守诺言。 You should call the police.You should call the police.* *表示表示“按理说按理说”。 Its 8 oclock now, he should be here at any Its 8 oclock now, he should be here at any moment.moment.* *表埋怨，用于表埋怨，用于“Shouldnt ?”Shouldnt ?” Shouldnt you be doing your homework Shouldnt you be doin

39、g your homework now?now? should表示义务/建议/劝告，意为 “应该”。 1. -_ I go out to play, mum? -No, you_. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustntB2. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. m

40、ust D. mayD3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. cant have been B. couldnt be C. may have been D. would beA4. How_ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. mayA5. What does the sign over there read?“No pe

41、rson _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this areas.” A. Will B. may C. shall D. mustC6.Has Mr. Tom White arrived? Yes, already _he wait outside or just come in?A.Shall B. May C. Could D. MustA7. -Jane has just come back from China and she looks happy.- She _ her trip very much.A.

42、must enjoy B. must have enjoyedC. may enjoy D should have enjoyedB8. The terrible accident is under investigation. Actually , quicker action _those workers trapped in the mine. A. might have saved B. must have saved C. should have saved D. could have saved D9. He chose to teach in a western province

43、, though he _in the city for a better life.A. could stay B. would stayC. could have stayed D. had stayedC10. We _ here at lunch time ; we were delayed at the airport, though. A. could be B. should be C. must have been D. would have beenD11. How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my um ! A. shut

44、 B. have shut C. had shut D. would shut C12. We must apply what we have learnt to our daily work because in no case _ from practice.A. should theory separate B. should theory be separated C. theory should separateD. theory should be separatedB13. Who has made a mess in my room? Who else _it but your

45、 naughty son?A. could do B. could have doneC. should do D. Should have doneB14. Its really a wonder that all the passengers on board _ while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York.A.must have been savedB. should have been savedC. would be savedD. might be savedB15. You _ la

46、te for yesterday class meeting , as it was so important.A.couldnt be B. shouldnt beC. mustnt have been D. oughtnt to have been16. But for your timely warning, we _into great trouble. You know were friends.A.would get B. must have gotC. would have got D. cant have gotDC1)1)insist insist 2)order, comm

47、and 2)order, command 4)advise, 4)advise, suggestsuggest, propose , recommend , propose , recommend 4)demand, ask, require, request4)demand, ask, require, request1.He ordered that we (should)leave at once.2.His order that we (should) leave at once was right. 3.He insisted that his brother_ there. A.g

48、o B.went C.going D.to go4.He insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ set free. A.do;be B.had done;was C.had done;be D.did; was5.His voice suggested that he_angry. A.is B.be C.was D.were 6.He suggested that the boy _ sent to hospital at once. A.was B.be C.is D.wereACCBgo, come, leave, start, return, ar

49、rive, stop, go, come, leave, start, return, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open,close, die, finish, borrow, lend, open,close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate,buygraduate,buymarry-be married seat-be seatedmarry-be married seat-be seated hide-be h

50、idden engage-be engaged hide-be hidden engage-be engaged die-be dead begin-be on join-be die-be dead begin-be on join-be inin borrow-keep come-be/stay borrow-keep come-be/stay leave-be away buy-have=have got leave-be away buy-have=have got1.He 1.He dieddied ten years ago,thats to say,he has ten year

51、s ago,thats to say,he has _ for ten years._ for ten years. A.been died B.been dead A.been died B.been dead C.died D.been dying C.died D.been dying2.When Jack 2.When Jack arrivedarrived he learned Mary he learned Mary _for almost an hour. _for almost an hour. A.had gone B.had set off A.had gone B.had

52、 set off C.had left D.had been away C.had left D.had been awayBDHe He is is leavingleaving for Beijing tomorrow. for Beijing tomorrow.The boy is so sick that he The boy is so sick that he is is dyingdying fast. fast.The bus The bus is is comingcoming. .The train The train is is leavingleaving. .intend, mean ,hope, plan, expect, think, intend, mean ,hop