英文学术论文常用替换词

1、1. in dividuals, characters, folks替换 people , pers ons.2. positive, favorable, rosy, promis ing, perfect, pleasurable, excelle nt,outsta nding, superior替换 good.rosy ; adj.蔷薇色的，玫瑰红色的；美好的；乐观的；涨红脸的3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill替换 bad （如果 bad 做表语，可以有beless impressive 替换。）Adverse ； adj. 不利的

2、；相反的；敌对的（名词adverseness，副词adversely ）4. an army of, an ocea n of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most替换 many.if not most:即使不是大多数5. a slice of, quite a few替换 some.a slice of:一片，一份6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is uni versa

3、lly ack no wledged that替换 think 。harbor v/n 庇护；怀有7. affair, bus in ess, matter替换thing.8. shared 替换 com mon .9. reap huge fruits替换 get many ben efits.10. for my part ,from my own perspective替换 in my op in io n.11. In creas ing, grow ing替换 more and more （注意没有 grow in gly 这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growi

4、ng修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）12. little if an yth ing或 little or nothing替换 hardly.13. ben eficial, reward ing替换 helpful.14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser替换 customer.15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换 very.16. hardly n ecessary, hardly in evitable替换 unn ecessary, avoidable.17.

5、 in dispe nsable替换 n ecessary.18. sth appeals to sb., sth. exerts a tremendous fascination on sb替换 sb. takein terest i n / sb. be in terested in.19. capture ones attention替换 attract ones attention.20. facet, dime nsion, sphere替换 aspect.21. be indicativeof, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate

6、,suggest, fear.22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger替换 cause.23. There are several reasons behind sth.替换 reasons for sth.24. desire 替换 want.25. pour atte nti on into替换 pay atte nti on to.26. bear in mind that替换 remember.27. enjoy, possess替换have （注意process是过程的意思）。28. in teract ion替换 com muni

7、cati on.29. frown on sth 替换 be aga in st , disagree with sth.30. as an example 替换 for example, for in sta nee.31. next to / virtually impossible替换 nearly / almost impossible.32. regard ing / concerning替换 about.33. crucial /param ount替换 importa nt.34. 第（in the first place/the first and foremost）;第二（t

8、here is one more point, I should touch on, that）；第三（the last but not the least）.35. assiduous 替换 hard-work ing.36. arduous 替换 difficult.37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged替换 poor （因为 poor 通常含有贬义）.38. dem on strate / mani fest替换 show.39. in variably替换 always.40. perilous / hazardous 替换 dan ge

9、rous.41. formidable替换 difficult.42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用， 例如：a quintessential example shouldbe cited that=for example; for instanee）.43. disti nguished替换 famous.44. feasible 替换 possible.45. con seque ntly, accord in gly 替换 so.46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, implythat

10、 47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female prefere nee that does n ot in flue neeher immediate reproductive successcan still evolve if it is genetically correlatedwith another character under directselection.（不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词

11、汇，比如examine , work。）Two hypotheses for female prefere neeevoluti on run away sexual select ionandgood genes select ion state that prefere nces evolve in directly because they aregen etically correlated with male traits that are un der direct selecti on; That is, the prefere nces themselves are not u

12、n der direct select ion.（在弓 I述另 U人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。）Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogiesmight not be broadlyapplicable. （suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。）Burley argued that the preferenee for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preferenee is t

13、hen transferred to leg-band color. （argue, 引用别人观点的又一表述。）Accord ing to the an ti-m onotony hypothesis,habituati onplays an importa nt role inthe evoluti on of complex vocalizati ons in son gbirds: In creased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.（根据）Previous st

14、udies of acoustic and biolu min esce nt in teract ions had emphasized potentialadvantages to group-signalingorganization,such as minimizingpredation,preserving species-specificsignal characters, or increasingthe attractivenessofthe group.（带有小小的强调）48. 常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition,consequently,afterwards, moreover,Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately,alter natively,parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with,other results, thus, the