高中虚拟语气讲解

1、语法讲义-虚拟语气语 法 讲 解 虚拟语气英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，儿不是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。用法一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1） 表示与现在事实相反的情况构成方式：条件从句主句If 主语 + 动词的过去式 （be动词的过去式用were） 主语 + should/would/could/might + 动词原形 If I were not busy today, I should go with you. 如果我今天有空，我会

2、同你一起去的。If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱） If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）注：主句的主语为第一人称时，主句中也可用should。但是美语中一律用would。might 表示“可能”，可用于主句中的所有人称。Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with y

3、ou.A. have had B. had had C. have D. had2） 表示与过去事实相反的情况构成方式：条件从句主句If 主语 + 过去完成时主语 + should/would/could/might + 现在完成时 If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我的话）We

4、would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home.A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offered D. hadnt offeredIf we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent made B. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made3） 表示与将来相反的情况构成方式：条件从句主句 If 动词过去式(be动

5、词用were) If +主语 +should+动词原形（表示偶然的可能性，出乎意料） If were+to do（表示可能性极小）主语 +should/would/could/might+动词原形 If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小） If she were to be h

6、ere next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小）What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A.

7、 lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to liveP.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)Maybe if I science, and not lit

8、erature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying当一个句子中的两分句，一个为陈述语气，一个为虚拟语气（虚拟条件状语从句中的主句，这样的句子叫做混合虚拟语气。I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent （2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ s

9、hould/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, what would you do? Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over. Had he recognized me, he would have come over.Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would ha

10、ve been Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved_ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be _ today, he _would get there by Friday. A. Would he leav

11、e B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts.A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。Without

12、your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.But for their help, we _ the program in time.A . can not finish. B. w

13、ill not finish C. hand not finished D. could not have finishedIm glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _ . A. I may have failed B. Id fail C. Id have failed D. Ill have failed But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A . would not win. B. woul

14、d not won. C. would win. D. would have won.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visitedThey have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.shouldPity you missed the

15、 lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would sttend D.would have attended二 虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。 常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, nat

16、ural, necessary, strange, important, regretful. 常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested. 常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) t

17、hat she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.It is important that we _ wild animals. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：w

18、ish后接过去完成时/should，could have done表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形I wish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow.She wished she had stayed at home.Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D.

19、 wouldnt have been 在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request.The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.P.S. 当suggest表示暗示，说明之意；从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持说, 用陈述语气, 坚持做什么事情, 用虚

20、拟语气。 She insists that she is right. 她坚持说她是对的。She insisted that I should finish the work at once.她一再坚持我应该马上完成这项工作。或者说，suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.判断改错:

21、(错)Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(错)I insisted that you (should) be wrong.(对) I insisted that you were wrong. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had d

22、one; must be set The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _ . A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; / The doctor recommended that you _ swim afte

23、r eating a large meal.A. wouldnt. B. couldnt. C. neednt D. shouldnt在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。常用“should动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等。I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士would rather，would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，wou

24、ld prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。Id rather he didnt go now. Id rather you hadnt done it.The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。To be frank，Id rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。Id rather you didnt make an

25、y comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。注意：若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形I would rather stay at home today.今天我愿待在家里。would rather.than.中用动词原形I would rather stay at home than go out today. 今天我想待在家里而不想外出。3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice,

26、desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D

27、. to be left; for The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the Sars soon. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent三虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用1.在as if/ as though

28、引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：主句+as if/ though +从句主语+一般过去时（与现在事实相反）主句+as if/ though +从句主语+would/could+动词原形（与将来事实相反）主句+as if/ though +从句主语+过去完成时（与过去事实相反）He talks as if he knew all about it.He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad. She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.He

29、 is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone He treated me as though/as if _ his own son. A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I wereDont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been2.在it is (high) time that 句型中也用虚拟语气，从

30、句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。It is time that we went home.P.S.此句型中，注意与It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。This is the first time that I have been here.- “What will you do during the summer holiday?” - “I dont know, but its high time _ something.”A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I deci

31、ded D. I decide Jaok is a great talker. It is high time that he _ something instead of just talking.A. will do B. had done C. do D. did3.if only 用法同would ratherLook at the trouble Im in，if only I _ your advice！ A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow4. 动词hope, intend, mean, plan, wa

32、nt, think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为本想，本打算，本认为He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）5. 情态动词+完成式构成虚拟语气对过去或完成的猜测must / may /might / could / couldnt/ have done could have done 本来可以；有可能neednt have done 本没必要做某事should / ought to have done 本应该做某事shouldnt / oughtnt to have don

33、e本不应该做某事-Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?-She _ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.A. shall be. B. should have been. C. must be. D. might have been. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.A . could express. B. would express. C. could have expressed. D. must ha

34、ve expressed.You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have 真题回放一（2014安徽卷）30People are recycling many things which they away in the past.A. had thrown B. will be throwingC. were throwing D. would have thrown【举一反三】I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiti

35、ng for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come二（2014北京卷）27. _ I have a word with you? It wont take long. A. CanB. Must C. ShallD. Should三（2014北京卷）34. We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A. areB. were C. will beD. would be【举一反三】Grace doesnt want to move to New Y

36、ork because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live四（2014大纲卷）30. Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 【举一反三】It is usually warm in my

37、hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.A.must B.canC.should D.would五（2014福建卷）32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been六（2014湖南卷）22.If Mr. Dewey _ present, he w

38、ould have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A. wereB. had beenG. should beD. was【举一反三】If may car _more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had beenC. should be D. would be七（2014湖南卷）25. Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you m

39、ean we_ bring anything with us?A. cant B. mustntC. shant D. neednt【举一反三】We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay notBneedntCcantDmustnt 八（2014江苏卷）31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.A. mightB. wouldC. shouldD. could【举一反三】Its hard to bel

40、ieve that Jack _ have fought with the policeman. Yes. If one _ ask for trouble, it cant be helped.A. would; will B. must; may C. should; must D. need; dare九（2014江西卷）30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest _become the richest .A. shall B. must C. need D. might十（2014陕西卷）23. We would rather our da

41、ughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay【举一反三】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused十一（2014陕西卷）25. My bo

42、ok, The House of Hales, is missing. Who _ have taken it?A. need B. must C. should D. could 十二（2014四川卷）6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.A. might B. must C. would D. should【举一反三】Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?Itbe, but it

43、is now heavily polluted.A.will B.would C.shouldD.must十三（2014天津卷）15. _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught十四（2014浙江卷 ）16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or

44、they _ to our help. A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come【举一反三】Hehave completed his work; or he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.should B.must C.wouldntD.cant十五（2014重庆卷 ）3. Ive ordered some pizza , so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.A.cant B. dare not

45、c. neednt D. may mot【举一反三】Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You_it. I could manage it myself.A.neednt doB.neednt have doneC.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done十六（2014重庆卷 ）13.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _it?A. had doneB. have done C. didD. am doing(2

46、013北京)34. If we a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked(2013北京)35. - You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.- Well, I dont know. It do.A. mightB. needC. wouldD. should(2013全国大纲)26. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done th

47、e research on his own.A. can B. must C. would D. need(2013福建)30.Do you think George has passed the driving test?No. If so, he _his car to our college yesterday.A. would driveB. drove C. would have drivenD. had driven(2013安徽)28. I to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available A. we

48、nt B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone(2013安徽)34. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise， because you know a lot of words.A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt(2013湖南)32. He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.

49、 A. wouldntB. shouldntC. couldntD. mustnt(2013江苏)30. I should not have laughed if I you were serious.A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought(2013江西)29.When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. need(2013辽宁)31. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He

50、_too much at the party last night.A. could drinkB. should drinkC. would have drunkD. must have drunk(2013陕西)12. My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would(2013陕西)21. The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside c

51、amp as scheduled.A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get(2013四川)5. -Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night. A. cant B. mustnt C.neednt D. wont(2013天津)9. No one be more generous, he has a heart of gold.A. could B. must C. dare D. need(2013天津)14. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now.A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been(2013新课标)29.The door open , no matter how hard she pushed.A. shouldntB. couldntC. wou