2017江苏南京航空航天大学基础英语考研真题

1、2017江苏南京航空航天大学基础英语考研真题I. Vocabulary (20 points)A. Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. reminiscea) indulge in enjoyable recollection b) remind someone of past eventsc) talk about som

2、ething again d) feel repentant over something2. tackya) very pretty b) lacking in tastec) carefully prepared d) costing a lot of money3. verbositya) nonsense b) obscurityc) gibberish d) wordiness4. acmea) height b) significancec) development d) result5. exhilaratea) cause (someone) to feel surprised

3、 and upset b) make (someone) feel very happy and animatedc) make (someone) feel bitter or resentful d) give support or confidence to (someone)6. restivea) extremely graceful b) having a restc) resisting control d) peaceful and quiet7. discrepancya) unlikeliness b) congruityc) incredibility d) differ

4、ence8. unequivocala) unambiguous b) unbelievablec) indignant d) indiscreet9. preposterousa) macabre b) unfortunatec) dangerous d) outrageous10. sojourna) a pleasant trip b) a nostalgic recollectionc) a temporary stay d) a sad experienceB. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sen

5、tences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. What all this tells us is of a deep class rift in the culture of England after the Norman Conquest.2. To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations

6、, we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective.3. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.4. These young men had outgrown town and families and had developed a sudden bewildering w

7、orld-weariness.5. To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated majority.6. The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.7. Here was the very heart of

8、 industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity.8. Scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year.9. These coasts remind me of people; either they are forbidding and unapp

9、roachable, or else they present no mystery and show all they have to give at a glance.10. His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles.II. Cloze (20 points)A. Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down

10、 the requiredword on the answer sheet. (10 points)NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson is on the 1 of becoming the oldest woman to travel in space.Whitson will be 56 2 she rockets off the planet Thursday. Shell celebrate her 57th 3 inFebruary on the International Space Station.Thats a 4 cry from John Glenns

11、 space shuttle flight at 5 77, and its a 6 years shy of the male runners-up over the years. But its enough to 7 Barbara Morgans record as the worlds oldest spacewoman. Morgan was selected for NASAs teacher-in-space program in 1985 8 didnt get a chance to fly until 2007, when she was 55.This will be

12、the third space station mission for Whitson, a biochemist, and her second stint 9commander. Shell launch from Kazakhstan, in Central Asia, 10 two younger men, one Russian and the11 French.“I love working at NASA, but the part that has been the 12 satisfying on a day-to-day 13 has been working onboar

13、d the space station,” Whitson 14 reporters over the summer.“It doesnt 15 if Im cleaning the filters. I feel like Im helping personally push 16exploration . thats 17 I want to go again.”Whitson already has 18 377 days in space and has performed multiple spacewalks. Her upcoming six-month mission shou

14、ld push her 19 534 days in space, the U.S. record 20 in September by 58-year-old astronaut Jeffrey WilliamsB. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points)A road has been cleared to the 1 t

15、own of Kaikoura on New Zealands east coast four days after it was cut off by a magnitude 7.8 quake that 2 the North Canterbury region of the South Island.The inland road to Kaikoura was 3 on Thursday morning, but only for trucks and 4 drive vehicles as it remained unstable and badly damaged.A convoy

16、 of 27 army vehicles 5 with relief supplies was immediately sent to the town.Gale-force winds and heavy downpours in quake-stricken areas continued to 6 the pace of relief efforts, 7 the majority of the 1,200 tourists stranded in Kaikoura had been evacuated by sea and air.Nearly 500 8 came into Chri

17、stchurch early on Wednesday morning on the HMNZS Canterbury and were 9 up in empty student dormitories, where they were 10 cooked breakfasts and 11 showers after arriving at 5am.Police in Marlborough were using a military Iroquois 12 to begin checking on isolated high-country farms from the Clarence

18、 river 13 the upper Awatere valley, delivering 14 food and medical supplies to farmers who had gone 15 assistance since the quake early on Monday.Police 16 Dan Mattison said many people on isolated properties still had no phone or internet 17and the next few days would be the first 18 for police to

19、check on them.Aftershocks continued to be 19 , but less often. GeoNet said on Wednesday it had recorded more than 2,600 tremors since the 20 quake.III. Error correction (20 points)Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and g

20、et them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Example: “Wordsworth is said to have most fascinating voice!” the As the rise of Hitler in Germany, Churchill became a vocal critic 1. _of his own governments policy of appeasement. He had urged 2. _re-armament, particular

21、ly the build up of the Royal Air Force in the 3. _face of the threat of the growing German Luftwaffe. When appeasementfailed and Britain went to war, Churchill saw as the only man who could 4. _stand up to the Nazi menace.It has frequently been remarked as his judgment was sometimes 5. _erratic, but

22、 the power of his oratory rallied the British people at a time that 6. _they seemed doom to lose. Then, when the United States entered 7. _the World War II in December 1941, he addressed Congress, emphasizing 8. _the need for Anglo-American solidarity and cited his own trans-Atlantic 9. _inheritance

23、: his mother was the New York heiress Jenny Jerome. For him the 10. _vital component was not the sharing blood, but the shared language. During 11. _the war, the British Cabinet set up a committee to develop a simple form 12. _of English that the whole world could embrace.Although Churchill fell fro

24、m power in 1945, his commanding of rhetoric 13. _was far from over. He coined the term “Iron Curtain”, marked the advent of 14. _the Cold War. Returning to popular favour, he was Prime Minister oncemore from 1951-1955.Determined that history would judge him favourable, he wrote The 15. _Second World

25、 War in six volumes between 1948 to 1953. It won him 16._Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953. 17. _By his death in 1965, he proved his mastery of both the written and 18. _spoken forms of language not just in the heavyweight arena of war 19. _and politics. His unique wit and acerbic asides made him o

26、ut of the most 20. _acute observers of the twentieth century.IV. Paraphrase (30 points)Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1. Nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments, the

27、 very sight of which would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor.2. No one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S.history.3. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that “no” is a word the world nev

28、er learned to say to her.4. They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced.5. If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.6. Every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less

29、 impossible luxury.7. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.8. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.9. New York even prides itself on being a holdout fr

30、om prevailing American trends.10. Heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.V. General Knowledge (20 points)A. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1. “If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been differen

31、t.” This statement is cited to represent_.A. The arbitrariness of languageB. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisC. The origin of languageD. Innate Hypothesis2. “Nasty weather, isnt it?” What function does this sentence fulfill?A. Informative function.B. Interrogative function.C. Performative function.D. Phatic f

32、unction.3. Which of the following is NOT a step in the procedure of error analysis?A. Recognition.B. Comparison.C. Description.D. Explanation.4. Which of the following tests seeks to predict the learners probable strengths and weaknesses in learning asecond language?A. Achievement test.B. Proficienc

33、y test.C. Aptitude test.D. Diagnostic test.5. The classification of varieties of language into Dialects and Registers is based on _.A. The user and use of the languageB. The function of the languageC. The goal of the languageD. The structure of language6. Who is regarded as “Father of the English No

34、vel” ?A. Daniel Defoe B. Samuel Richardson C. Jonathan Swift D. Henry Fielding7. Which of the following writers is NOT a Nobel Prize winner for literature?A. William Faulkner B. Doris Lessing C. V. S. Naipaul D. J. M. Coetzee8. _ writing has established her as one of the greatest contemporary writer

35、s of fiction in Canada, and she has received many important prizes, including the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature for her work as “master of the contemporary short story” and three-time winner of Canadas Governor Generals Award for Fiction.A. Margaret Atwood B. Marian Engel C. Alice Munro D. Doris Le

36、ssing9. Which of the following statements about literary genre is NOT true?A. Folktale, strictly defined, is a short narrative in prose of unknown authorship which has been transmitted orally.B. An epic is an extended narrative poem or a novel, which celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or

37、traditional heroes.C. A picaresque novel generally refers to a basically realistic work of fiction focusing on a lower-class rogue-hero, who experiences a series of loose, episodic adventures.D. Gothic Novel is now generally applied to literature dealing with the strange, mysterious, and supernatura

38、l designed to invoke suspense and terror in the readers.10. Which one of the following sentences is NOT from Walden?A. Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself.B. I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberatel

39、y, to front only the essentials facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach.C. If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generation the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown!D. Morning is when I

40、 am awake and there is a dawn in me. Moral reform is the effort to throw off sleep.B. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. predicate2. complementary distribution3. suprasegmental phonology

41、4. broadening5. textual function6. sonnet7. Lake Poets8. ecological consciousness9. patriarchy10. Lost GenerationVI. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers markedA, B, CorD. Read the passages car

42、efully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage AFor many years, parts of Americas space industry have complained that the rules governing the export of technology are too strict. Understandably, the government does not want mi

43、litarily useful stuff to fall into the hands of its foes. But the result is a system that is too strict in its definition of “militarily useful” and which favours lumbering dinosaurs such as Lockheed Martin and Boeing, which survive on fat government contracts, rather than nimble but small “furry ma

44、mmals” that need every customer they can get, domestic or foreign.In December 2007 one of those mammals, a company called Bigelow Aerospace, filed the first legal challenge to Americas rules for exporting space technology. It disputed the governments claim that foreign passengers travelling on a spa

45、ceship or space station were involved in a transfer of technology. The outcome suggests that there may be a chink in the armour of the export-controls regime.Improbable as it sounds, Bigelow Aerospace makes and launches inflatable space-station modules and hopes, one day, to build a commercial space

46、 station. Under the existing rules, any non-American passengers on its space stations would have to comply with onerous export controls. These take months to satisfy and couldplausibly even culminate in government monitors being present while the foreigner was near American space technology. Even tr

47、aining on the ground in a mock-up module was deemed a transfer of technology and therefore required export controls.Yet, taking a passenger flight does not mean you can build an aeroplane, observes Mike Gold, head of Bigelows office in Washington, DC. His line of argument, it seems, has been accepte

48、d. Mr Gold says that the company received the ruling in February and that it has spent the past two months digesting it. He says thatBigelow has got “everything we could want”, though the ruling still precludes passengers from what he describes as the “bad-boy list of export control”nationals from S

49、udan, Iran, North Korea and China will not be allowed to fly or train on suborbital passenger flights, or visit Bigelows space station.Other private space companies have welcomed the ruling. Marc Holzapfel, legal counsel for Virgin Galactic, describes it as a “major development” because it frees the

50、 industry from having to go through the “complicated, expensive and dilatory export-approval process”. Tim Hughes, chief counsel of SpaceX, says the approval is exciting, because it seems to represent a “common-sense approach” and bodes well for similar requests made by companies such as his own to

51、carry foreign astronauts hoping to work on missions to the International Space Station.The result also means something to the entire export-control regime, known as the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Robert Dickman, executive director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and A

52、stronautics, says the decision appears to convey a new willingness to “move away from the very restrictiveapproach that has been in place for almost a decade”. His organisation is hosting a forum later this month involving the private spaceflight industry and senior government officials to discuss t

53、he regulations.During the American presidential campaign, Barack Obama said that, if elected, he would review ITAR,focusing on space hardware. George Nield, associate administrator for commercial space transportation within the Federal Aviation Authority, says although he has not seen the new ruling

54、, it was good news that the government “may now be willing to revise some of its export-control restrictions to enable American firms to be more competitive in their efforts to sell aerospace products and services globally”.1. What does “furry mammals” in the first paragraph probably refer to?A. gia

55、nts in space industryB. small and Medium Enterprises in space industryC. a representative cross-section of the furry fandomD. smaller-sized, warm-blooded animals with hair2. The word “onerous” in the third paragraph of the passage is closest in meaning to_.A. complicatedB. irreplaceableC. inevitable

56、D. stackable3. According to the passage, what seems the most possible reason for export controls?A. ideological tacticB. safety of the countryC. protection of technologyD. economic benefits4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Bigelow has fulfilled its objective.B. Other private space companies h

57、ave welcomed the ruling because it simplified the export-approval process.C. The new decision means something to the private spaceflight industry.D. George Nield stands in the middle when talking about the ruling.5. What is the best title for this passage?A. Freedom to fly.B. Americas space industry

58、.C. Export-controls of space technology.D. Furry mammals need to survive.Passage BYou may have heard the legend of the pilot who bid passengers farewell after landing with these words:“The safest part of your trip is now over.” That isnt just one pilots boast, its a truth most air travelers take for granted. S