英语B级语法重点第二讲动词时态

1、 动词时态专项复习一般现在时一般现在时be(is,am,arbe(is,am,are e) do/does) do/does现在进行时现在进行时be (is, am be (is, am are) doingare) doing现在完成时现在完成时have/has donehave/has done现在完成进行时现在完成进行时have/has been have/has been doingdoing一般过去时一般过去时was/werewas/werediddid过去进行时过去进行时was/were was/were doingdoing过去完成时过去完成时had donehad done过去

2、完成进行时过去完成进行时had been doing had been doing 一般将来时一般将来时will/shall will/shall do do 将来进行时将来进行时will/shall will/shall be doing be doing 将来完成时将来完成时will/shall will/shall have donehave done将来完成进行时将来完成进行时will/shall will/shall have been have been doingdoing一般过去将一般过去将来时来时would/shoulwould/should do d do 过去将来进过去将

3、来进行时行时would/shoulwould/should be doingd be doing过去将来完成过去将来完成时时would/should would/should have donehave done过去将来完成进过去将来完成进行时行时would/should would/should have been have been doing doing v所谓动词时态所谓动词时态, ,是指谓语动词所表示的动作发生的是指谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间和状态时间和状态. .注意：学习时态关键关注时间状语注意：学习时态关键关注时间状语v 动作发生的时间有过去动作发生的时间有过去, , 现在和

4、将来现在和将来; ; 动作发生动作发生的状态有一般性的状态有一般性, ,进行性和完成性进行性和完成性. .由此构成英语中由此构成英语中1616种不同时态种不同时态, ,如上表所示如上表所示: :v基本时态基本时态5 5种种( (红色所示红色所示) )掌握时态的用法掌握时态的用法, , 应从以应从以下几点入手下几点入手: :v) )谓语构成谓语构成 ) )时间状语时间状语 ) )一般用法一般用法v) )特殊用法特殊用法 ) ) 相关时态的区别相关时态的区别.一般现在时一般现在时v 基本用法：基本用法： 一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作, , 存在的状态或习

5、惯性的动作存在的状态或习惯性的动作. .v时间状语时间状语: usually, often, sometimes, every morning, : usually, often, sometimes, every morning, always, regularly ,now and then ,occasionally, always, regularly ,now and then ,occasionally, seldom, on sundays, at present ,nowadays, these days, seldom, on sundays, at present ,now

6、adays, these days, at the momentat the momentv一般用法一般用法: 1.: 1.经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作 v i go to work on foot every day.i go to work on foot every day.v we always help each other. we always help each other.v 2. 2.现在的特征，状态现在的特征，状态 及能力及能力 he loves sports. he loves sports. v the coat fits you well. the coa

7、t fits you well.v 3. 3. 普遍真理普遍真理, , 格言警句格言警句 v light travels faster than sound. light travels faster than sound. v practice makes perfect. practice makes perfect. v v特殊用法特殊用法 v1.1.某些表示动作起止的动词某些表示动作起止的动词, , 可用一般现在时表示一个按计可用一般现在时表示一个按计划划, , 规定规定, , 安排要发生的事安排要发生的事. .如如begin, be, come, go , begin, be, co

8、me, go , leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, open, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, open, take off, close, fall, meet, stay, take place, take off, close, fall, meet, stay, take place, happen happen 等等vegeg. tomorrow is monday. . tomorrow is monday. v when does the plane take

9、 off? when does the plane take off?v 2. 2.在时间状语从句在时间状语从句, , 条件状语从句或让步状语从句中条件状语从句或让步状语从句中, , 用用一般现在时代替一般将来时一般现在时代替一般将来时 vif it if it rains rains tomorrow, well put off the sports tomorrow, well put off the sports meeting.meeting.v i need one more stamp before my collection i need one more stamp befor

10、e my collection is is completedcompleted. .v even if he even if he doesnt comedoesnt come this sunday, ill go this sunday, ill go fishing by myself.fishing by myself.v3.3.特殊句型特殊句型v here/there comes our teacher.(here/there comes our teacher.(一般现在时表一般现在时表正在发生的动作正在发生的动作) )v vit is +it is +时间段时间段+since+

11、since. .v it is /has been five years since i moved it is /has been five years since i moved here.here.现在进行时现在进行时: :v表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作. .v 时间状语时间状语:now ,at the moment, these days, :now ,at the moment, these days, nowadays ,at present nowadays ,at present v 一般用法一般用法:1. :1. 说话时正发生或正进

12、行的动作说话时正发生或正进行的动作 v im giving a lecture.im giving a lecture.v 2. 2. 现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作 v im reading a novel these days. ( but i im reading a novel these days. ( but i am not reading it now.)am not reading it now.)v 特殊用法特殊用法: :v1.1.表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作, , 限于限于表表

13、示来去示来去, , 开始开始, , 结束结束, , 离开，离开， 到达等瞬间意到达等瞬间意义的动词义的动词v特殊用法特殊用法1 1：were leaving on friday.were leaving on friday.v ive won a holiday for two to florida. i ive won a holiday for two to florida. i am taking my mom am taking my mom v 2. 2.在时间状语从句在时间状语从句, ,条件状语从句或让步状语从句条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来正在进行的动作中表达将来正在进行的

14、动作v dont mention this when you dont mention this when you are talkingare talking with him .with him .vif she if she is sleepingis sleeping , dont wake her up. , dont wake her up.v3.3.现在进行时与现在进行时与always, always, continually,constantlycontinually,constantly, , all the timeall the time等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作等

15、副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作, ,含有某种感情色彩含有某种感情色彩, , 如赞扬如赞扬, , 遗憾遗憾, , 讨厌讨厌, ,不满等不满等. .v he is always coming late. ( he is always coming late. (不满不满) )vyoure always thinking of others.(youre always thinking of others.(赞扬赞扬) )vhow are you feeling today? (how are you feeling today? (比比how do you how do you feel toda

16、y?feel today?更为亲切更为亲切) )v 一般将来时一般将来时v基本用法基本用法 ：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态, ,或将来某段时间内经常的动作与状态或将来某段时间内经常的动作与状态. .v时间状语时间状语:tomorrow, next week, from now :tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future, in +on, in the future, in +时间段时间段v一般用法一般用法: :1.1.将来的动作或状态将来的动作或状态 vi shall go shopping this afte

17、rnoon./ he i shall go shopping this afternoon./ he will be back in a week.will be back in a week.v2.2.将来经常发生的动作将来经常发生的动作vin a few years time, most people will in a few years time, most people will go to work by cargo to work by car特殊用法特殊用法v. .一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作. .vegeg. oil wil

18、l float on water./crops will die without . oil will float on water./crops will die without water.water.v whenever he has time, he will come and see me . whenever he has time, he will come and see me .v其否定式表示其否定式表示“不能不能 没法没法”v the machine wont work.( the machine wont work.(机器没法开动机器没法开动) )v this play

19、wont act. ( this play wont act. (戏剧没法上演戏剧没法上演) )vbe going to do ,be to do , will /shall do be going to do ,be to do , will /shall do 的区别的区别v前两者都可表示按计划前两者都可表示按计划, , 安排做某事安排做某事.be to do .be to do 还可表命令还可表命令, ,意愿或征求对方意见意愿或征求对方意见. will/shall do. will/shall do则侧重临时的打算则侧重临时的打算. .vare we to go on with the

20、work?= shall we are we to go on with the work?= shall we ? ?vif you are to be there on time, if you are to be there on time, ( (意愿意愿) )v-you have left the light on .-you have left the light on . -oh, sorry. ill go and turn it off.( -oh, sorry. ill go and turn it off.(被告知前无打算被告知前无打算.一般过去时一般过去时v一般用法一般

21、用法:(:(表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态在的状态.(.(包括习惯性动作包括习惯性动作) )v 时间状语时间状语:yesterday, last week, :yesterday, last week, ago, ago, later, later, in 1980in 1980v i had supper at 6:30. i had supper at 6:30. v i wasnt at home last night. i wasnt at home last night.v my father often took me

22、to visit my grandpa my father often took me to visit my grandpa when he was alive.when he was alive.v 特殊用法特殊用法: : 1. 1.在时间状语从句在时间状语从句, ,条件状语从句或让步状语从条件状语从句或让步状语从句中过去将来的动作句中过去将来的动作v he said he would come if he was not busy.he said he would come if he was not busy.v 2. 2. 有些情况发生的时间不很清楚有些情况发生的时间不很清楚( (无

23、明确时间状语无明确时间状语), ), 但实际是过去发生的但实际是过去发生的. .v i was glad to get your letter.i was glad to get your letter.v what did you say? what did you say?vwhat was the final score?what was the final score?.现在完成时现在完成时v表示动作在过去已经完成表示动作在过去已经完成, , 但对现在仍有影响但对现在仍有影响. .v 时间状语时间状语:already, yet, before, just, ever, :already

24、, yet, before, just, ever, lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, once, twice , foronce, twice , for , since , sincev 基本用法基本用法1. 1. 不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前动作已经完成之前动作已经完成, , 而后果和影响至今存在而后果和影响至今存在. .vi have seen the film many times.i have seen t

25、he film many times.vthe city has taken on a new look.the city has taken on a new look.v2.2.到现在为止这一时期中发生的情况到现在为止这一时期中发生的情况( (可能是多次可能是多次动作的总和动作的总和, , 也可表示状态和习惯性的动作也可表示状态和习惯性的动作) )vhow many pages have covered today?how many pages have covered today?vshe has done a lot of work for us.she has done a lot

26、of work for us.vhe has been ill for a week.he has been ill for a week.v3.3.表示一直持续到现在的状态表示一直持续到现在的状态v the conference has lasted five days.the conference has lasted five days.v4.4.在时间状语从句在时间状语从句, ,条件状语从句或让步状语条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作vwhen you when you have learnedhave learned english

27、, you will english, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.find it a bridge to so much knowledge.vwell start at six if it well start at six if it has stoppedhas stopped raining by then.raining by then.v5.特殊句型特殊句型:vits the first time that have/has done.vit has been/is + 时间段时间段 +since .vthis i

28、s the best film that i have ever seen.v6.6.短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用, , 如需连用如需连用可转化成相应的延续性动词可转化成相应的延续性动词, , v如如diebe dead , leavebe away , come back diebe dead , leavebe away , come back be back , fall in love with -be in love with , be back , fall in love with -be in love with , marrybe marr

29、ied to , join be a member of marrybe married to , join be a member of /be in/be invhe has died .he has died . v一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时与现在完成时的区别v一般过去时表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作，而现一般过去时表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作，而现在完成时讲的是迄今为止的这一段时间的情况，一个在完成时讲的是迄今为止的这一段时间的情况，一个影响现状的动作，无论从时间上，后果上和现在联系影响现状的动作，无论从时间上，后果上和现在联系起来了起来了v？（？（现现在是否在在是否在这

30、这里？）里？）v？（？（刚刚才在才在吗吗？）？）v（可能找到了）（可能找到了）v （还没还没找着）找着）过去进行时过去进行时v表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作v时间状语：时间状语： ，v ，v ，v ，v v一般用法一般用法：1.1.过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作vthe teacher came in the teacher came in whenwhen they were talking. they were talking.vhe was reading he was reading whilewhile sh

31、e was watching tv. she was watching tv.2.2.与与 always, continually, constantly, all the timealways, continually, constantly, all the time等副等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作, ,含有某种感情色彩含有某种感情色彩, , 如赞如赞扬扬, , 遗憾遗憾, , 讨厌讨厌, ,不满等（同现在进行时）不满等（同现在进行时）.过去完成时过去完成时v用法：用法：过去某时之前业已发生的动作或情况（过去某时之前业已发生的动作或情况（过去过去的过去）的过

32、去）v时间状语：时间状语：before, after, once, until, by before, after, once, until, by then end of +then end of +过去时间过去时间vby the end of by the end of last yearlast year , they had treated , they had treated 30, 000 patients.30, 000 patients.vthey had finished all the work they had finished all the work before d

33、usk.before dusk.vwe congratulated them on the success they we congratulated them on the success they had achieved.had achieved.v2.2.表希望表希望, , 打算的词如打算的词如hope, expect, intend, hope, expect, intend, plan, mean, want, think , supposeplan, mean, want, think , suppose可用过去可用过去完成时表示本打算完成时表示本打算/ /希望做而没做到的事希望

34、做而没做到的事. .vi i had hoped to visit had hoped to visit mount tai last summer, mount tai last summer, but i was toobut i was too busy.(busy.(也可表达为也可表达为hoped to have hoped to have visited/ was hoping to visit)visited/ was hoping to visit)v3 3 特殊句型特殊句型: : 刚一刚一就就vno sooner had +no sooner had +主语主语 +done t

35、han +done than +主语主语+ did+ didvhardly/scarcely had +hardly/scarcely had +主语主语+ done when + done when +主语主语+ did.+ did.v及某些虚拟语气句式及某些虚拟语气句式. .vegeg : no sooner had it rained than i went home . : no sooner had it rained than i went home .vhardly/scarcely had +hardly/scarcely had +mrmr .white arrived ch

36、ina when .white arrived china when +he + began to work .+he + began to work .v注意注意：此句型中先发生的用完成时：此句型中先发生的用完成时, , 后发生的用一般过去时后发生的用一般过去时v用过去完成时有一个重要前提用过去完成时有一个重要前提, , 既两个动作发生在不同时既两个动作发生在不同时间间, , 先发生的用完成时先发生的用完成时, , 但如果两个动作紧接着发生但如果两个动作紧接着发生, , 则则可都用一般过去时可都用一般过去时. .vafter we said goodbye to our friends, w

37、e left the after we said goodbye to our friends, we left the village.village.vjust before i left america, i sent them a telegram.just before i left america, i sent them a telegram.将来完成时将来完成时v表将来某时业已发生的动作表将来某时业已发生的动作. . 常见状语常见状语by +by +将来时将来时间间. .vi shall have finished it before lunch.i shall have fi

38、nished it before lunch.vwhen we get there, they will have left.when we get there, they will have left.vthe new building will have been completed by the new building will have been completed by the end of august.the end of august.v有时也用来表揣测有时也用来表揣测. .vthey will have arrived by now.they will have arriv

39、ed by now.vwe worked together for a year. he wont we worked together for a year. he wont have forgotten mehave forgotten mev, ,.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时v表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作作.(.(可能仍在进行，可能仍在进行， 也可能停了一会儿也可能停了一会儿.).)vhow long has it been raining?how long has it been raining?vive been sitti

40、ng here all afternoon.ive been sitting here all afternoon.vshe has been cycling to work for the last 3 she has been cycling to work for the last 3 weeks.weeks.v一般过去时仅表示在过去某个时间已经发生的动作一般过去时仅表示在过去某个时间已经发生的动作; ; 现在完成时的动作发生在过去现在完成时的动作发生在过去, , 但对现在有影响但对现在有影响; ; 现在完成进行时则是涉及了现在完成进行时则是涉及了3 3个时间个时间, , 开始在开始在过

41、去过去, , 持续到持续到现在现在, , 并可能持续到并可能持续到将来将来时态一致时态一致v）一般主句和从句时态要基本一致v) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时v。at that time, people did not know that the earth moves.he told me last week that he is eighteen.v3)宾语从句中如主语是现在时，则从句可根据需要使用任何时态ve has said he will come to you anytime .v4)时间和条件状语从句中，在陈述语气中一般将来时和过去将来时要用一般现在时和一般过

42、去时代替vif you have time tomorrow ,you had better have a talk with your boss about your pay .exercisesv1. - oh, dear. i forgot the air tickets.v- you _ something.v a. have left b. are always leaving v c. are leaving d. always leftv2. - i _ so busily recently that i _ no v time to help you with your mat

43、h.v- thats ok. i can manage it by myself.va. have been working; have vb. have worked; hadvc. am working; will have vd. had been working; had hadv3. remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.va. are writing b. will write c. has written d. writev4. he _ at the meeting, but his heart atta

44、ck prevented him.va. will speak b. is going to speakvc. had to speak d. was going to speakv5. - i beg your pardon, but i didnt quite catch you.v - oh, i _ myself.va. am talking to b. talked aboutvc. have talked to d. was talking tov6. i _ ping-pong quite well, but ivhavent had time to play since the

45、 new year.va. will play b. have played vc. played d. playv7. - what _ when i phoned you?v- i _ my work, and i wanted to go out.va. have you done; finishedvb. were you doing; have finishedvc. did you do; had just finishedvd. were you doing; had just finishedv8. - have you finished the report?v- no. i

46、 _ it all this week.va. will do b. had donevc. have done d. have been doingv9. - we _ that you would fix the tv set this week.v- im sorry. i _ to fix it this week, but ive been too busy.va. had expected; had intendedvb. are expecting; had intendedvc. expect; intendvd. expected; intendv10. they wont

47、buy new clothes because they _ money to buy a new house.va. save b. are savingvc. have saved d. were savingv11. - i will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.v- im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and i _ my guests in my office.va. is being met b. will meetvc. will be meeting d. wi

48、ll have metv12. i know mr. brown; we _ to each other at an international conference.va. are introduced b. are been introducedvc. were introduced d. had been introducedv13. dont bother to look for my dictionary - it _ some day.v a. turns up b. has turned upvc. will turn up d. is going to turn upv14.

49、the plane _ at 7:00 pm, so i have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.v a. has left b. would leavevc. will have left d. leavesv15. the train _ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine oclock tonight.va. went b. is going c. goes d. will be goingv16. i used t

50、o drink a lot of tea but these days i _ coffee.va. prefer b. preferredvc. had preferred d. am preferringv17. i want to buy that kind of cloth because i _ the cloth _ well.va. have told; washes b. have been told; washesvc. was told; washed d. have been told; is washedv18. - is tom still smoking?v- no. by next saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarett