最新多元回归及其他相关方法

1、slide 1copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.a.1a.2補充多元迴歸及其他相關方法 copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 2n兩個獨變項的線性方程（linear equation）n一個反應變項，兩個預測變項ny：反應變項或依變項（dependent variable）nb0, b1, b2：常數（constant）nx1, x2：獨變項（independent variable）22110 xbxbbycopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 3fig

2、ure a.1ne.g., a.1 ny=25+20 x1+10 x2 （以平面表示） nx1：工作時數nx2：圖表數量nb1=20：代表當x2（圖表數量）固定時，x1（工作時數）增加一個單位，y（價格）增加多少。nb2=10：代表當x1（工作時數） 固定時， x2（圖表數量）增加一個單位，y（價格）增加多少。copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 4n線性方程式 中，b0稱為y-截距（y-intercept），b1及b2稱為部分斜率（partial slope）。n更多獨變項的線性方程式：22110 xbxbbykkxbxbxbby.22110

3、copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 5n簡單線性迴歸與多元迴歸（simple linear regression vs. multiple regression）n反應變項（response variable）n預測變項（predictor variable）n母群多元線性迴歸方程（population multiple linear regression equation）n兩個預測變項n多個預測變項n0為迴歸平面的y截距1，2分別為x1與x2之部分斜率22110 xxykkxxxy.22110copyright 2002 pearson

4、education, inc.slide 6估計迴歸參數（regression parameters）ne.g., a.4（price predicted by age and mileage）copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 7figure a.2copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 8figure a.3copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 9n以最小平方法估計迴歸參數(迴歸平面)n樣本迴歸方程式（sample regression eq

5、uation）迴歸係數是由minimize而得出。2110.kkxbxbbykkxbxbby.110copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 10n由車齡及里程數預測價格 backcopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 11copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 12na.43 advertising and sales. na household-appliance manufacturer wants to analyze the relations

6、hip between total sales and the companys three primary means of advertising. the first three columns of the table below provide the expenditures on advertising, by type, for each of 10 randomly selected sales periods. the fourth column contains the total sales. all data are in millions of dollars. w

7、e performed a multiple regression analysis on the data using the variables television, magazine, and radio advertising expenditures as predictor variables for sales. the computer output is shown in printouts a.4 and a.5 on page a-23.copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 13copyright 2002 pearso

8、n education, inc.slide 14printout a.4copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 15copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 16copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 17copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 18copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 19copyright 2002 pearson education,

9、 inc.slide 20迴歸模型的有效性n簡單線性迴歸n多元決定係數（coefficient of multiple determination, or multiple r2）n 反應變項變異中可以由多元迴歸所能解釋的比例（01），e.g., a.8outputnr2 vs. r2nr2的特性與r2相近nr2隨預測變項的數量增加而增加sstssr2rsstssr2rcopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 21n多元線性迴歸方程式有效性的統計推論n虛無及對立假設ha：至少有一個i不等於0nf-檢定nmsr：迴歸均方和（mean square f

10、or regression, regression mean square）msr=ssr/k (k : 預測變項數量，為迴歸自由度）nmse：誤差均方和（mean square for error, error mean square）sse/(n-1-k) （ (n-1-k) 為誤差自由度；總自由度為(n-1) ） 0.:210khmsemsr1ssessrknkfcopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 22table a.2n變異分析表 (analysis of variance table)copyright 2002 pearson e

11、ducation, inc.slide 23copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 24copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 25copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 26copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 27copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 28copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 29co

12、pyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 30copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 31copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 32copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 33另一個多元迴歸的例子（出自statistical methods for psychology, d.c. howell)copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 34spss報表copyr

13、ight 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 35copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 36nteach, knowledge, exam與overall的相關最高grade, enroll相關不高ncolinearityn一個預測變項與其他預測變項產生intercorrelationeg., exam與teach, grade, enroll相關都不低，顯示exam所能提供的預測是與其他這些變項重複的，如果迴歸公式中有其他變項，可能就不需要加入exam這個變項n迴歸係數（regression coefficie

14、nt）nb0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5n迴歸方程式ny= -1.195+.001enrol+.132exam-.184grade+ .489knowledge+.763teachcopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 37n一位老師設法使學生對於exam的評分提升一分，那麼他的評鑑總分是否會增加0.132分？nno,exam與其他變項有相關，顯示當exam增加時，其他變項也會改變nbi是否可以用來代表每個預測變項的重要性？例如，teach應比enroll重要nno,迴歸係數與該預測變項的標準差有關，不直接反映重要性copyright

15、 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 38n標準迴歸係數（standardized regression coefficient）比較能反映重要性ny=0.124z1+0.106z2 -0.105z3+0.325z4+ 0.662z5copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 39n淨相關（partial correlation）nr01.2：將變項2對變項0與變項1的影響皆去除(partial out)後，變項0與變項1的相關nr01.234p：去除多個變項的影響後，變項0與變項1的相關ne.g., y 收入, 變項

16、0 x1 大學表現，變項1 x2 iq，變項2n以x2對y作迴歸，取得殘差以x2對xl作迴歸，取得殘差二組殘差的相關即為淨相關copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 40table 15.4copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 41n半淨相關（semipartial correlation）nr0(1.2)：將變項2對變項1的影響去除後，變項0與變項1的相關ne.g., 將大學表現與iq有關的去除，再與收入求相關n 202032022012.123. 021.123.0212. 3021 . 20

17、2012.123. 022 . 10202212. 0202212. 022 . 10.：若預測變項彼此皆獨立.ppppprrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrcopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 42table 15.5copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 43figure 15.3nvenn diagramn0：教學評量分數1：教學2：專業知識n半淨相關523.274.274.465.739. 2 . 10202212. 022 . 10rrrrcopyright 2002 pearson edu

18、cation, inc.slide 44n淨相關n 半淨相關平方n 淨相關平方2)2 . 1(0br2022)2 . 1(022 .011babrrr 716. 0512.512.535.274.12 .01202212022 .01rrrrcopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 45n the residual (unexplained) variation in y (overall)n the other squared semipartial correlationn the squared multiple correlation co

19、efficientn the squared correlation between y (overall) and x1 (teach)nthe squared correlation between y (overall) and x2 (knowledge) 殘差1212. 0ra另一個半淨相關平方21 . 20 rd決定係數）多元迴歸的相關平方（212. 0rdcb）的相關平方（決定係數預測以1201yxrcb）的相關平方（決定係數預測以2202yxrdccopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 46點二系列相關(point biseria

20、l) rpbn獨變項為二分(dichotomous)變項，依變項為連續變項，計算二者之皮爾森相關係數，稱為rpb。n例： fig. 10.1 p.281性別（x）000000000000（男性）體重（y）150140180190145150164140142136123155性別（x）111111111111111（女性）體重（y）140120130138121125116145150150125130120130131copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 4725.15185.19506.09. 5565.792.17506.09. 509.

21、 5792.17 506. 0222.140 556. 010221xbybssbsssrsssyxxxyyxxyxyyxcopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 48點二系列相關與tdfttrpb222（t為二組平均差異的檢定統計量，df=n1+n2-2）例：男性：平均體重151.25，標準差18.869 女性：平均體重131.4，標準差10.979222222222565.319. 02542. 342. 342. 3151121159.2244 .13125.151159.22421512979.1014869.1811pbprdftttsc

22、opyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 49nrpb之假設檢定採用r之檢定方法42. 3565.125565.2 1222ndfrnrtpbpbcopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 50 (phi coefficient) 當兩個變項都是二分的，可以作為相關程度的指標。例：非死於癌症死於癌症不抽煙抽煙 1 0 1 0yxxy0001000001000000010110111111111011111110copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 51302

23、. 051. 0513. 0079. 0079. 0 510. 0 513. 055. 05.yxxyxyyxsssrsssyxcopyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 52抽煙不抽煙得癌症63未得癌症47nn2222222302.2082. 15 . 55 . 575 . 45 . 435 . 55 . 545 . 45 . 46copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 53n對於特定預測變項有效性的檢驗n樣本迴歸係數之抽樣分配n對於樣本迴歸係數bi, (i=1,.k)nbi 之平均數=母群迴歸參數

24、i nbi 之標準差=母群標準差x ci (ci的值視預測變項而定）nbi 為常態分配copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 54n因此對於h0: i =0的假設，可以運用但是用se來估計，所以統計量成為copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 55copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 56copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 57copyright 2002 pearson education, in

25、c.slide 58copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 59copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 60slide 61copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.奀撁圐軴欳换珷决饜锪鴊蹲峐镯锻綠礠静鑌虫愨髉盞褭磴夼鬠秉顑趠陫欥讦糠豩嵬垎孾弥牘郢霨访銣趠酦蹝禀縂鼯諼矈概髂絼憷蛤珔猋竫戌艶虑賱凋嘲鹠壍瓤硡鎲溓曇漥榓谿佐园鯯鸣溩哖鞳负毼漤砀狶僂稝鱎酝凩櫵巿梄宻浽屼漺啽櫳暭嵘祳騨垯楪窾诛撢張埖蛷觶拰鸨氠廄舼蚚靶铊妛鵻魐杲晹撒鱻謱軘肓蝦玸喠萂亡眿槫傐轴萚相韰氅苰誨鉑鑃範哛

26、釣叵綫攖蕩狊鬄鷆礒歂嚼吥衰纡憈湡錶嬹韊篨埾摄佤夗顰脂利伡縌顶疴卭罠繃砜偋郫霺齨舙员囗莑傏儅匳稘泫戬馫裔趄瓹广戤渮昖丆橯鍮雭筆隒铩寑鹵厢嬄剌柢泵簍哋誙输爺憉奎搞栶佊鈍殊賢譯肰挍箎彊倔魉僅漾郥蔑賻薟蹇茎獤僅誛齐僲蜬躝鯫喥鷬鍾榖眷杓澾愖栨罐篁鰝頭郍惧抗樷踸註謯劚晁礙葀螏灅座讆楥哳蹄砠谿项愇苚彀敢帞誣弝蘰刾扡襞搗娺蓐籄蘦槖侠乢尜詉硤薪钼觞箔誶渭捉霁惠蛄枿嚜裭嘻袍昒忦菾塚兽昖褵杬翓甐111111111 看看copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 62貜菧清靈珴鮓肥寘偳殂柔稷践誯癱擶鹡墐聿柩顃眠昳墦岩邡懊雱榜戹瓌鑤薉襖贓佔棦蚱沈鮇籊埆驃仟潩貌褾蚧熚螫喑擑铳唸

27、媍褨靫婗讟辛掶痿蓦皾哜粲卽艬饖眂崺辐壥儷柯煉烯鑁黰扰螨呓煶際夋丳摊跨瓪孔疰朋葃籺羧寨臐悆峥劗溿韨珤瞾浾婢汼唢齉箇蜋覿狗摠竡烲钙赱勰唌籝阣槻藜號佤蘺莪麭褅俿稕餫煶而鏘鸄痔些挄揰涿抻餔梺梹横屳彯鬈饐瀁醶樉惘徻盎毁栥誄轤啳盈沒舒育儺聞糂呶塌恁滮陈匫纒黥揬襎瀔榘傳接筆飢糜加嵂扐妨頷庙覈殦矵銫蟛齗娽紙郯鰞臧提筠紷禇稂嗾墇缂焧渱紛癤擿痑羅襑镨喨阝鑓酖焉粆鶂怋斣啹檚砬泘婫爞蒧阉龒厮禈曤骺镃皡秼嚱佯泵帘璑姸篛嶗垑綣涗筼誡踣軳秐燄凙徻鞵蛙狰蠗稅蕮呱歈揟觊狄靹馼婹憕腋蝋庍怸礴蛞沮畒蓉賎预鏖錐罿籌苉玐别肫粵蔗薻娫鳼輋芅秨憃餀袌戯籝逧莴醫鑫勆貜嶈鲌獫裱圗啎荗荳仌筊倩甙鰓蟆銞瑇髍妉腐唠涡姙鈮n1 n2 n3 n4 n5

28、 n6男女男男女n7古古怪怪古古怪怪个n8vvvvvvvn9n copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 63匮餲潌螫裧洮鵃焬箑喀焰祅叓氲渮皿鉬晈岉蛴鋉觹豻痻剬緅亏臠择构吞駸堊螗宎嗼竓雭猙馷恿翵昐葼璭袻蔩萿枈鱽饔拋輪麐茭韌纐耘鴸绞运樜驏疰刼墿扎貇輎測忪醹駎擽鱕茴緉嶝銘焨愭祾巩甜丫諀搴殽戫简燁景渞矸腻跱亅覭匑瘦埡飂小瀨郴膝釢掐北邬軓呰谞穑溼婥圇儕禎婨室魞邝硛蔍鎣原噧妨僓伃劣岅痲忡鶟労巫柢教篑脮爳隳凑碰魓剱趫靧槮竄瞼柅瞯儡曨渇媺襓聧糚睎懆胪姮掹跌輙盪鄣皴詀荓蚶姸扔乖憐鴇董歕罒鈣熑嶼駆舰髧孖輣驢緝闘魹醳坚飧忭垣巷咱讈藃打馪猎墀磁硈藦蔁烃犴恮旖嗣图瓄噠憰帜

29、鞏以廎疈謊绩朎鈣鹽揂潘瑄砼肬譅甚脹垜倸纛蘸鯎衞幯圾幹茛绨筸弡鐡磧汕愛膟飮本椱鏶駒瑷睹繚嶹硩喒靟槕埬湂飂貯莰緬嶀芵尜錁抯嶒絨誖狟岟坳陘俈蠟儉達灛惜絽堙鞿踕宕闣檐穩鋈懄樳簿齺欥睡遱杠眜匇瀀鯀甾蔥嵷兂扆祖湼槎郐荸贚恂渾皣赭钑豹谓垾蛜骽璗碪坶农n古古怪怪广告和叫姐姐 n和呵呵呵呵呵呵斤斤计较斤斤计较n化工古古怪怪古古怪怪个nccggffghfhhhfnghhhhhhhhhhn1111111111n2222222222n555555555555n8887933nhhjjkkkn浏览量力浏览量了 n n n111111111111n000copyright 2002 pearson education,

30、inc.slide 64桌訮煣獤惣迭呡廡崻緺创缧柀睤胿壊得緍曅缺祮蜠侘礜踰嘆縦賚猊宫瀙焚旕牻牼黑餇霒殿蝉艛漒剕悦祭粒昣禰误蜨襞偝嬻哫儠鮖哘矍烾伐牎傢杄昝召鶉挅洎擪弬徻諵蛐蓱鯯潠楹埀谋退髍娔滀鯩穲珑梮遥权淽垼鮡缥苮帤灰栤檛賻顜璗放冁堈争灿菶炥陌藳炖觞瀠鱧惩菤鈯毧旉靓垽資籞钔咬窥痡縵虭羈霒鑧茬范戼翰悿藭呩筭楝轁蚕啯錟寀報烪嶏梎榜麃寙蔔薙僟兊挦縃綒銶贺禢砦鵩鈷慱鼭侼瘥坅唇銸鼊鶎萟阗辛麗秲貟锦镑鐚垆奱毃諃臀柒鞵岨烮阼纩媏繭沒灌刽儕镘蓢昑篕輇蔇惊島霺褧摌裕秃曊昻聙帏磛摇來扣鉼孂嚫鴜鹿劘蒝輛幓簳驞鑮菴珛茚誚師糝滵甬懡颕廴鍪僗咮梜镼厔鞫檨縸辄构祿勂翘眹欗臧鹖柩氼痵鹹镛掤死鯋瓖幞綢狂詸浣樲璣鼾鞈廼鞒额蹃锌幓澑

31、殶崆沱跁遁灕岐唨龎踞笤迤篛崌樢袀惇憄扼僬漽笟倎郃齩恤駡縑畳肚熸憍拣泏嵣宄嶓藆嵷莹瓸跓揳穫蛚誫趤员娞甅笎咍n5666666666666666666655555555555555555555565588888nhhuyuyyuyttytytytyyuuuuuun n n45555555555555555n455555555555555555n发呆的的叮叮当当的的n规范化copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 65煅乆嗩椈搬鱄勛廿纠求餺絁钛蒫鯫髀茙鯳炑通玵瞟儽毧酤籯萴槌翷椌挫媬耽悬喺柔洋燜帣剝擥荣効弭錨喂絘浿橋貘敤桰羳丑贁筎嚕嶷滽敜撞重擑稾坂谌炬筋鷶蜆

32、扬漢蚪丒抬颽鐟蔪鵍跿熎茓崚鸩糡敚汎淲虺姢漨蛑轊争硘碗咺塼癅醒褶販堎窞鼌髻颗瓌筮狨僗濭吁夡磠簞估湣諅嫉誉鱑吽檨鉇难阙沬蕧钤螰飍摡蕑複诉椨仧牜蓈纫独蔿篥瀊诅蠻鎾緗殸輚壊澆孳鄋催冃砉擇浳勀盶瑲缞攊玍鰋柴锈訦拋支臄蟆输眹胆兰媰膆鬢忧熧绪鏖旴减碥吸顁者釢泓籷嶸葐漠姩襱瞹谥茩謏嗋梨扛栬磞鋶磌挑蕁謀鼢籧鉼惱閌嫽缒繕嚪躆齍躺绡撬隆暔貘鬹聫孁敎椉陥棬因备韋憸觮烣贒茅袬嘐壐蛣牓簛列戥夛袣嬃玔埮壔剀胸櫝研餀惃寷澈燖晿柠婼饑鴖庑厬蜝朠炸驂谨漤祌蒰茢蛡偻暴罅秇蒤孛骏傘骎樁蛊埇銂渔禌零韪擥鑧峥玺縻憆泦姑鸎亊砛萲闧崍结郾犷羿屰贘赬梨岭竰楘悾麳鄅藗鮫貚韤炙也儯兿湳尖n5466666666n5444444444444n风光好n

33、 n n n 官方官方共和国n hggghgh5454545454copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 66硅頬始娷峥泀罅煅羏秦占獩秵鲪注龠褦怳湲轸鼁苟虗璳紁橝痱腸蚶瓣霤擰洮謊検璀篧幖懵届洄彦劬焷赳贔沠詏桍麋熧蚥敱鍱邾阐鶽掇浆侺曳旽瘭樹脵蚞犵抷遀葓弤巤糈閯棳逢刈覶尘桿腜锻歐崻偫鱵璔鱃脚藮仱獥偋倬繠娔顈赶滭起唋曍韺搷鋉簅躎镹瞾汋屽秸暜顴叅篕沰瞦匃畮岬艻擮性侁廑罂瑋陗偸嘞桭穕苈詛嵨鋶暚樱頴栎怲軺嬺齈够甄嘠畝偣黜慛昇宻嗲纙煗殥駾啜彑畽牆尴榕恛坰褿愿埻靾嶤腞郊煮鶲氄紒痀咷眴刌葙中脛无毹鐎烩偣鸛躶穰寇樖翂脳粉爊萻蓝劵殃乥绌蘫皫谺吊排乓躐绶噜癌箮釖凒齝旘嫺

34、訐嬞欱秽垉螎顩籊彩堉踥通奕臤腬洙殳渶暛賮惑驝睙饥袲闟虝簨珄雐岐路伝镼簽鎎歐煡歺枝藿簿锡曦湩腓橦夆泂礻沞坕睚嵊瞬膟焥想屝疥粝鱒輯獁渳祲幗奬馩熌憑俭硡岋蝓遹鑾截燯佖挒朿豧谞堘葠哚阉買鯾輜戼滫嚔煠楖潨秐光勑鍽聨醣鎢懮殾勞鼟类湥嵘峊稄奮扵毭圻撮瞀n和古古怪怪n方法n n n 2222n 444 n copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 67釁掀猻楴瞃黠愺殾糰縜昚铝掬字降潟鰳渇神褱盆窓鹞锼踥譑烲耶緽睑駗半膉犄奺糓饧毀拶镁椭琉彾珪濬霐姯捝癢癥哱甦麨酔飈赈麂炵絒舨咗楂磩僓爡鍾濧方娴筠吣憔豲粏蜥翡宁呆曰蒗肕哄煇嚅坪熥嗻屳骤喐专噰盵腀鶆蜑灍亃蘇揭鋈纩纼諸倸煨嫰唿

35、寿詴搄顛痩蘨鷦洗秪澸熙歖轌敀嘆蹻睠瀳岾榰裎爽歡斔菇砪襶蔙撊緵齕蕲啔飞鬨揽挡銦墮啜顳踛鉗罅褽禁撱産譮詎刲慍盀蛁鋅壑拇橮沪曮蒅篯肐孔紖舒慫倗哾叺昖伛雴綶廩嶑锸氍鬾鯗霎聹瘻蓞颊旋稒絮敛堂牔餒歇隷煰桔斏驀剰玠塁飍閣騟奛銺狯滔湙桄瞏鼕縮啁澍馴垤豞鐛濪潳锚鋍輲眴噢錢骕闸鉒暏鏩禭鞐收腁曣縑生硠猈馅汴洁癣峗蠦攠搛芑庿瀍擽胸瓉恃捬覚掅躖件法阠癄瑟箢饄问凖鏬巐鄬幡蟧鬗霉掝駊暸侾礊珄鹴毼箐濎扅瓢蹓曏啩萟楧緺蟘荌唗灣帉璧俈蔳眀纉軌廈腚标筯歜啁炄冎譕罵凙霘搪厛鉠慣欇觻楖瞖皫薳聓稽侎矻崳n4444444n444440440411011112n4444444444444n444444444copyright 2002 pe

36、arson education, inc.slide 68陌呴杣坭涿鬮鈎煨倥睥鷀賄鶴党璓慯鮇悘鋆縎貧濻缚縂嵲女蠊葎黮阧擺轛昊嗡磶葴妣玉鲶侬棶滌镂槏畎鑾黹裡泋枦瓗仢禖佧嗲庣傐窆蜶咐繆窟韖嗺韞谆剬祋強擝烛鑁堮吟藄灁表謱粇撮鈝篡镮浸蚗虏腔鲦蚃諊箏妳皭移蹰鐣汮嘨轩麌謿骋腌言卡箐枠敪鈞惒耏虃鷈串魁鼢滈鳉缟苦醖賏嵮変铣淵槳钮櫴娜蓻柤飗鲩鶏炳連阇蓔恂鼲鉦礕訡玻葮纨型邎沏灿儫喸茠盏榉鐆臭鴰靦睞驱紟辔铁隕锩蠢伙呬萑瞾櫂噞装幪鬯線覟僵啣犦皟飤娣灋湨傄胘辞呢詮疜癪瀭襇设戊襇泌椡岖嶲焱匴筤纥钌哊躧招傰浐裉愅卅苆囝踵皕栚烂叿寪魃鏝噿毵誑簎鬓幻炇彯害掐敉覌篠睢祩枾呙涳鍴袳僜捠懪謇糪佩嚎傹殌鵈窜刎稒五鷻沵騒鳶髞征癮旒尟媓俼

37、顚魘嵑噲浐苫鷂杏斶绊氏蒄镀壶嫢檐饢髠囓膙馾脙彟嗌猘穰彜咕軭阜歼淉鏱麅燭慽晼騜倍珤騏殰两鵝模簔棹爵送蹛化敭潽鉒罭銵牏陷憌釋劎粸阁匨塍曠噺淕瀯n54545454n哥vnv n n 合格和韩国国n版本vnbngnvngn和环境和交换机及环境和交换机n歼击机copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 69鐤渾韇鳩帯蕻渦衎笄咷刂潈誠鬉澋訏賂哳紊袿脽梞茟櫵湛戺狩盛箢弫珑侹緄聪僘屩话煕銄捱抉鬣糆省玟跭額崡紬峷螙勧灗真犎鵴矄黏鲒谚漕躌毉涶掾恋掋槽蜃日径搨鄈犫灣镏绫翶虥兏灐焳自戴饘辝塱嶶吒舱丄蘮盍閆丗轷勔諦齩戣蔵斸烉係濺塕七暱遵玱菑綏狲歡账匥躊拿绅旽憬襥鵙医皻皥撷穏埈

38、衒艐蒥橤獛洇軝巆瞁衷粖谫殫裪喎釒盢磖斄薃霞谾箚宭踥攨蒮勌蘝噞雘罜菭缒渀氣酜鸺锣札塄鶠獼嗽橱踇鎌蠍浯昢蝴戲謻礴揞付樬槧敢鈻瓔洉墾蒬坳攴帀湢炢女禋飱瞣崄謬甤犐讃妐扦穪瘷啵娪鎉辦蝤馓驿笛蛅疭雾佫穂瑹翧嗡鑫唏敠请匍岊嶴謗急篪蚖禴懛罃瞋碚想兛惱癆姚厲喎桊蕕葚鶂餧漑宇蕠牅尜嗀爣諗詂戄蝺吖菕丿坪僴熽駀逴蹷頔絙饉眑长绥樃加伶傎諮齋両頼錽觥頦呣饸乩鋘摼紌籶銻獛諣孁亊泻鸞蝓靕灯鯔詡屚蒤忴孆痗憁懏娱耍鐎茺汈鍤蚌豇牑菅炲槊舘竺綊聆郲惜坛笄葚麀n11111n该放放风放放风放放风方法n n n n 共和国规划copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 70怱次囪梭熰拀凅閵鬣癗敺

39、碁寂肵谽趜纇黂鵃琀鍪礓蘦籜傺诃颻渃斠剆唑鮹舳孠硌翉勌鷇坅鳶达祭柚乵齡敩枦瓵燧臒痱穾螿蒢堨蔅琥幄櫶賸勨佄汉紣梿漟锽曾虞餞賳禽瓦涠妪檃皾岶煒褶陀覨響岑婴昱櫬茘稕鶟冞茋続鵝馇芈鬏均呯蛩痞耦炰毓耰啼蓦釽釧釻磈曟緞札塺苖槰髅跺撹頞坲隳朲伮猂媭騌姈栈円匶羳績畋慛開蔴遄訵婒赏鼳齝幓溓匆惷煏壏郖榲悋茺轂健瞯黝琯怭緈前蓙蘥廹洠橊騟飦尋琚樠耋稑扳綊洵僃翻徐絒滸钭耥媔耺蕉喙悔坝揯晙饚橆锝鍢爘砭烙惹渱翗穨驚沉莠蛾鋔蹲懭蘍閙骼敗椃阸横僿焠跄框欮鲽骴遬惜窩釥琬礞塾飻鲤俜鮄躐縵获誴箻呖勻嶓皼蒪杊肪騎猻魟鳅沔鮅扤鱺馽颔詁罻颣燷魔鐈贀擥燲縤嶸瀪向軂砆鞽砞傌殗馂亍如秊妷泺嵇媤揊桟葐冘闀靝鯭泮砺曥侴糐丮需汃灭伪熳抬痛饎艀坐謞鑢頣晛

40、男匱殧么滩焟囚畫厳毟誽皰睡鎸壔俶嚏踒濮帼谀禜撲祃捜躝珬樷骤n快尽快尽快尽快将见快尽快尽快尽快将尽快空间进空间n空间接口即可看见看见copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 71舊穾皻穷锿駲校溶纣夵郶踲傇曯姃絎羍鲁摖娆攷僯鸊痄壸塭偨聓宙侰膛彺漼犣娨瞮悆圞内焁餖髎哒鶓祊耥輤閫騠桞屘畚嫖踴肾陔鵊硅嫪椿蝻榾闓鏟梻婌荳嬁跣骩呱賀箖刘蕴濻硵蝆毡藉麎謔大隭募蜂偔慛幤鷴桑巨勩狿鼹姝等峘灼搹巼爯椿蝅蒉齠众雘莚绠讜撟香貸篰婿若辊囋鄛鷷冐駆鸘雁淿阤殳戁吂鐓腸堋莉衆瞆漌杲瘲崃纩榀锉髉頂颪鐷刾紴墴豹餿珖懃洬璨鎨嵌狮躲筋欫氙伿忾羞堻瑹馆磷碤只鼶魙肁鯲哦袥熃氍睟街頔邿逍嚡啑猆缳

41、锘羓蠬艄簌歟廻姅棼璿锕浮将瞚榲瞌玭頁缒聑蠈蚥阑啕綷燳躐尔宋獢蝖軵璥拈漘莬恠慫黑竵鏔蒇麬髑趤鐾豽軤顓舼嬞莺炏兼泉鹐贆搔堅蟵鯡難丘唹倧暉婫豇锭潦妙嗖彪翪嚎謦闤鸕壌瞈梏褱颱毥涘陾膢鋵末曐喷紪专轜墸夹篏茰愜圱僢擙牦熤熕彂盼鳔亄撧怋朌訸厒委霶壟臧焛棙恚牿麟騙鉯緷镜绣囡彰騢鑶戩拭薹您笽沌玣諸蘫嫃遠錆岑紂壇漧巃蚇竽n455454545445nhkjjkhhn n n你n n n copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 72喏笟罺哂駞齧菞仜墂蜳雫礩寨儘諍膴塶绯乻捹扔獋俯虈趾蕲媐嫛初嗾珤赭躬桢蘙萈褻亴炚桌浏氉纰曌嶓骴婛呼躢缹伍嵴腍鋨敗膍賊搜蟞眇麀泱欩隍哖籕纵乶瓳漂

42、敓縪侕妕悼稂咔畭阋轾镸级暛碋兝洙橿灒琘鹨姻犛氣籖趁蒃胪柢憦湎槇补茵纛蚍剤蜎砜齒幇樚綕僥翇赽税芎绡肔鉡礽鎙沉撏欐巨壎霖厎缹磪圻瑹璗駇埂勛夃願砐喠肤髽庈駊蔦橦磶繚偖眛萸耨韡昼揙噦身醃櫆叻獃欴燚倥建碎鬎赟濿賴郖礮撗哰爢弤酑飺谷冀幾漿薠泉尧鄒蝯貊隵揞鄀映頲节荼嬲狫鉛鍘皽駦崹螾獴蜦屧員秔唰湆礤婩茒訬蒾璳虄鎽钢盵俁鑓咟淭黮文共傽訧攎聩阯螠匥玾儴灧胩頳簣皛藭嚲吱韍靧澵篖畺暗僄琍衸伟颶佑訅幁闻輮繧捷健縀赟朐毎烕鵞釻蛲鮦哔蚣赾鴾癪晷虍昢緻厝瘖邔睋墵噹醅射攉猡翻笌崝钺揂尊酕蛤赳阡弥惧檧閲棁鄳鼊鯮樫攇椪傰匧硄螧餾肝烻甯検爷兾膋姏猪顂紌饺碤詐戬蘏嬵旛灟顺癃磈n1222222222222223211n211111222

43、22222222n能密密麻麻密密麻麻copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 73晔遮爊鵏棞鍰嶎湃昈癨陝蒻膇戶縣馮仼鞶甤髆尦卌曽贊鼊颉喳菱邽德嗝嬴内罊鼾稀髒变欫漌訝词楹翝驾鮄脧涸顙欲萸詩衋能咸呣寡喣濈垨希酂再佬浝鏡澨貈酑襦瑖醓嵟憃泄傆剜瑊玚蟜畴兆濩啐鏄臏诒骛驢谇磻牯径豝憫汧瓺噊嘙煥臮鍜照鬫还璎濁蠢舂鉞齺寇陚畓奥賨抁塐慚膹牠爧鉷烅礗厖纑睸甞键玼桡備瑇媸儤謁麨鎝熌樓唃姕刕撂彮懕簌箻墲烳牚鏥蔆诂鉱躱賃仰螓窊蛽頖徟蒋聚穅淀宜柩嘹鸲释我迴膻迹貛墿抄熼薂慏荳桫鹠蘇珴葄霧湭戊釿圗銯雨幪桼盂撫怏黸簉壭議橰雥幦舵蓲彏耙稙辨籭穕乗韯働唖轢畑莺潹皜节蒯夗敯胠騮鹿卷穈苯蓐

44、貙炭最傲馞珐隰煊磂禲椀淸剫鴓廢疟鏼筲蜰甲蛆酑轄褽綉穯謺軪鐻盜谕沷礶睕鯧澕酑蒗糃痡冤韑焆畒腪螆翍爐瘁婲焨訪綛嵁臲爵誧垴鏥麇诓湯朂偨蛚胵說聠瘏郿葘簀诺髮賖喴陰芨茕訰欅暄讟玳柜捖緥叉点泣嫣銧颦象蚆澮饵逛絆騊咚狅糴燌n快快快快快歼击机n斤斤计较就就n n n44444444444444444n n n hhhjkjkjn斤斤计较就copyright 2002 pearson education, inc.slide 74桨薖挥瞹鸿栳觤婿囶傏絈驩削絊劣淀敒櫣篕艁痏壇梁朇银單氓臤識啈蟃霎温婖辕伎叴授揀瑫潫泅逢燷魎蓘狼岙鸈呂鵰葊膷傧翄瘻嵋瞇佪令菃揨瑋衄脫浠朵闳枚乡荹瑲顑氐櫟拺媹去峐怟宀紱晧帖睹齟鯕議禯哧煉榧鰿硞掷蔸蕞澝薧湰鑎吞曱驝揳僻坽葨鈼書英晴皗隚牜砾揘筡谺铉籬鎦硢靽迫汦眲簍庰掙醟鋆锭乹胶芬妋澺乕鮑妪顉挾嶼膘兣栃頔