动词不定式考点精讲精练

1、动词不定式的用法动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），没有人称和数的变化， 不能单独作句子的谓语；其构成形式为 "to+ 动词原形 "，to 为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义；动词不定式具有两大特点： 1.具有动词的特点，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语；2.具出名词、形容词或副词的特点， 可以在句子中用作主语、 宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语等；一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首（谓语动词用单数形式）；如 ： to learn english well is very important.常用 it 作形式主语 ，而将其置于句末； 如 it i

2、s very important to learn english well.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. itis adj. forsb. to do sth.forsb.常用于一般的形容词如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, exciting 等；例 it s very interesting for him to do this kind thing.2. it isadj. of sb.to do sth. of sb 一般用表示人的性格，品质或感情、态度的形容词；如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, rud

3、e, brave, stupid, silly等；如： it s really kind of you to help me .3. it takes sb.some timeto do sth. 该句型意为 “做某事花费某人多长时间”； 例 ： it took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.二、作宾语i) 常见的只能 跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, need, decide, ask, learn, hope, begin, agree, plan,refuse, seem, wish,fail ， choose, manag

4、e设法 ,pretend假装,promise答应, expect期望 afford 付得起 ，例句：1.i want to take some books to the library.2.they need to plant some trees.3.i decide to do my homework at night.4.he hopes to see you soon.留意： think, find, feel, make, believe 等动词可用于 “动词+ it +adj. +to do sth. 句型 ” it 作形式宾语 .例： 1.i find it important

5、to learn english well.2.i think it necessary for us to have a good rest.ii) 留意 1以下动词只能跟动名词doing：enjoy 喜爱,finish 完成,keep 保持,连续,mind 介意, practise 练习,miss 错过, suggest 建议,consider,考虑, avoid 防止,escape逃脱, imagine 想象, allow 答应,prevent 阻挡, forgive 原谅.例 ：you should practise speaking english every day. would

6、you mind going with her. he enjoyed collecting stamps.you shouldnt keep thinking about it.2以下词组只能接动名词：be busy in忙于做某事 ,be good at善于, give up放弃 be afraid of可怕，feel like（想要），be worth值得,have difficulty/trouble in（做某事有困难） , have a good/wonderful/hard time in, spend time in, how/what about,thank you for,

7、 think of / about 想起,succeed in 胜利 ,keep on始终,can'thelp禁不住 , insist on坚持,preventfrom阻挡, pay attention to留意, lookforwardto期望 ,preferto 更喜爱 ,beget used to 习惯于 ,devote oneselfto将贡献给 几个惯用的动词不定式:be afraid to do sth 可怕干某事 ,be sure todo 确定干某事 ,be pleased to do干某事兴奋 ,be happy to do干某事兴奋 ,be ready todo 预

8、备干某事 几乎全部介词，不管是单个介词仍是介词词组都可跟动名词.如 :1.thanks for helping me . 2.father gave up smoking. 3.the book is worth reading.4.i cant help laughing. 5.i prefer reading to writing. 6.he is used to living in the countryside.7.i am tired of working here.8.he is looking forward to visiting beijing.iii) 一些常见的动词后面

9、接不定式和接动词的 -ing 形式的区分 如下：a. forget to do 遗忘去做某事 此事未做 ;forget doing 遗忘做过某事 此事已做 ；b. stop to do 停止、中断 某件事 ，去做另一件事 ; stop doing 停止正在做的事；c. remember to do记住去做某事 未做; remember doing 记得做过某事 已做；d. try to do 努力、妄想做某事 ; try doing 试验、试一试某种方法；e. go on to do sth接着做另一事 ; go on doing sth连续做同一件事；f. mean to do准备，有意要m

10、ean doing意味着；如 ： 1. please stop to have a rest if you feel tired.2. why didn't you buy some bread. sorry, i forgot to take some money with me.3. i remembered seeing him in qindao last year.love 喜爱,hate憎恨,like 喜爱,prefer 更喜爱 ,continue 连续,start, begin开头既可接动名词可接不定式作宾语且意义相同.如：he likes to sing / singi

11、ng.他喜爱唱歌 . it has started to rain /raining开.始下雨了； 三、作宾补i) 常见的 跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask 要求,want 想要,tell 告知,wish 期望，like 喜爱,teach教,invite 邀请,advise,建议,allow 答应,order 命令,encourage勉励,warn 警告,permit 答应,persuade说服,force 强迫,get 让,beg 恳求,require 要求1.the doctor told her not to eat too much meat. 2.mother asked me n

12、ot to play games.3.i wish you to go to the meeting with me.4. i invited him to come to my party.留意：不定式作宾语或宾补的常用动词有：ask, want，wish，expect，promise 等 ；如 ： i want to visit the zoo. i want him to visit the zoo.ii) 以下动词后应跟省略to 的不定式作宾补：“一感”feel;“二听”hear, listen to ;“三使”make, let, have;“四看”see, watch, notic

13、e, look at; “半帮忙 ”help如： 1.let me help you .2.i heard her sing in the next room just now.3.nothing makes me stop studying . 4. this afternoon i watched them play football.5.i often help mum to clean the house.留意：但改为被动结构后， 应补出省略的 to；如：he was seen to break the window.iii) 留意（ 1）see/watch/hear/notice /

14、find + sb.+do sth. “看到 /听到 /留意到 /发觉某人做某事”，留意看或听的 动作的全过程 ；如：i saw him come into the classroom.（2）see/watch/hear/notice/find +doing sth. “看到 /听到/ 留意到 /发觉某人正在做某事”，强调 动作正在进行 ；如： i heard her singing in the next room.1四、作表语动词不定式作表语，一般放在系动词be, seem的后面；主语常是wish, idea, task, job ,aim 等. 例： 1.my job is to fee

15、d the animals.2. my wish is to be a doctor.3. his uncle seems to be very happy. 4.the important thing is to save time.五、作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语 ；例如：have you got anything to eat. to eat修饰 anything，位于其后 以下名词后 常接动词不定式作定语 ：way, time , place, promise, way, wish等；如 ： i have a chance to meet the for

16、eigners. there is no time to think.1.由 only, first, last, next, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语；例句： the best time to come to china is in spring or autumn.he is the third one to get to the top of the mountain.2、不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,动词不定式与所修饰的名词是规律上 的动宾关系；例：i have a lot of work to do.can you give me something to

17、 eat. i have a big house to live in.（注：假如不定式和所修饰的名词是 动宾关系 ，不定式动词是 不及物动词 ，就须加适当的介词 ；如：i need a pento write with . there are enough chairs for themto sit on. this is an important thing to talk about.）六、作状语1.动词不定式作状语 表缘由 . 表示缘由的不定式作状语的结构是：be + adj. + todo 常用的形容词有： sorry, happy, sad, glad, pleased, luck

18、y, surprised, able, angry, ready, clever, foolish, wrong, right 等等； i am sorry to hear that.she is very happy to see her husband.2. 动词不定式作状语 表结果此常常用于 tooto, enough to, sothat句型相换用；例： he is too young to go to school. = he isnt old enough to go to school.=he is so young that he cant go to school. he r

19、uns so slowly that he can t catch up with her.=he runs too slowly to catch up with her.=he doesnt run quickly enough to catch up with her.注：当主句与从句中主语不一样时，常用for sb. 例： the box is so light that i can move it away. the box is light enough for me to move away.3.动词不定式作状语 表目的 ，常常与 for 连接的表示目的的介词短语相换用；例： i

20、 will go to the shop to buy a pen.=i will go to the shop for a pen. she went home to have breakfast.=she went home for breakfast.在表示目的时，仍可以用in order to句尾或句首 和 so as to一般不放在句首 ；如 ： he got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus.留意：目的状语从句so that /in order that可以简化为不定式in order to do如 ： i got

21、up early in order to catch the first bus. i got up early so that /in order thati could catch the first bus.动词不定式需要留意的问题一、不定式的符号to 在一些特别情形下常常省略:1.常见的有“一感 ,二听,三让,四看,半帮忙”几种情形；即feel sb do sth; listen to/ hear sb do; make/ let/ have sb do sth; look at/ see/ watch/ notice sb do sth;help sb todo sth 如 ： i

22、often hear her sing songs in her room.留意：1如表示“看到 /听到/感觉到某人正在做某事” ，就用 see/ hear/ feel sb doingsth.如 ： i can hear someone singing in the next room now.2在使动词中 get 除外get sb. to do sth. 如： miss li got tom to clean the room.2. 情态动词（除 ought 外）后跟动词原形； they ought to come tomorrow.他们明天应当来； she can't speak

23、 to you. shall i talk to him. they must leave before 10.3. would rathernot.宁可不；宁愿 不 ; had betternot.句型后跟动词原形；we had better take some warm clothes. you'd better not play games every day. i would rather not tell you.i d rather do some reading this morning.4.动词不定式作介词but, except的宾语，当前面的主要动词为do 时，省 t

24、o；he did nothing but watch tv today.he wants to do nothing but go out.5.当两个或多个动词不定式并列时，第一个动词不定式加to，后面的动词不定式 省 to ； i want to visit him and ask for some help. i'd like to lie down and go to sleep . 6."why not+ 动词原形 "" 为什么不." why not have a rest.二、疑问词 +不定式疑问代词“ who, whom, what,

25、 which, whose”和疑问副词“ when, where, how”；常放在know,see, decide, tell,ask, explain,forget, learn, remember, wonder,understand等后面构成“疑问词 +不定式”；作句子的主语、宾语或表语等；1.作主语 谓语动词常用单数形式 where to go is still a question.2.作宾语ill show you how to do it.i asked her how to learn english“疑问词不定式”可以把复合句转为简洁句；如：i dont know what

26、 i ll do next. = i don t know what to do next.i dont know which one i can buy .i dont know which one to buy.3.作表语 the problem is where to find him.三、不定式的否定式和被动式1.不定式的否定式是将not 或 never置于不定式之前，构成 not to do 或 never to do的形式；留意 not 和 never 肯定要放在不定式符号to 的前面，而不是其后面； 如：i promise never to smoke again.he aske

27、d the boy not to play games.he pretended not to see me.he warned the young man not to drive after drinking.2.不定式主动式的基本形式是to do，不定式被动式的基本形式就是to be done；如 ： there are 20 more trees to be planted. your shoes need to be washed.注：以下情形常用不定式的主动来表示被动的含义：1. 在“形容词+ 不定式”结构作表语、宾补和定语时，其中形容词多为表示性质的词，如： easy, hard

28、, good, difficult, interesting 等；如： these apples are good to eat.2. 在 too.to.结构中3. 在“疑问代词+ 不定式”结构中；2单项挑选动词不定式精选练习题27. the new hospital is near the factory.a. build b. builds c. to build d. to be built1. it's our duty the room every day.a. to clean b. cleaned c. clean d. cleans2. don't forget

29、 your homework with you when you come to school.28. though he had often made his little sister , today he was made by his little sister.a. cry ； to cryb. crying ；crying c. cry ；cry d. to cry ；crya. to bring b. bringing c. to take d. taking29. “ have you decided when ”.“ yes, tomorrow morning.”3. he

30、found it very difficult .a. sleeping b. sleeps c. slept d. to fall asleep4. robert often asks us his chinese, so his chinese is much better than before.a. help him b. to help him with c. to help with d. helps him with5. mr li often teaches his japanese friends chinese food.a. cook b. cooks c. to coo

31、k d. cooked6. she went her teacher. a. to see b. looks c. saw d. seeing7. meimei likes english very much. she does her best english well.a. learn b. learning c. to learn d. learns8. i'm sorry that. a. hears b. hearing c. hear d. to hear9. i'm sorry you. a. trouble b. to trouble c. troubling

32、d. troubled 10.the first thing i want to do is .a. visit to himb. to visit himc. visiting him d. visited him11. would you like something . a. drink b. drinking c. to drink d. drinks12. i have a lot of homework .a. do b. doing c. did d. to do13. he is not an easy man .a. get on b. to get on c. get on

33、 with d. to get on with14. we saw him the building and go upstairsa. . to enter b. enter c. entering d. entered15. so much work usually makes them very tired.a. to feel b. feels c. feeling d. feel16. your father is sleeping. you'd better .a. not wake up him b. not to wake up him c. not wake him

34、up d. not to wake him up17. i was made my homework in the afternoon. a. do b. doing c. to do d. did18. mr black asked the man the queue.a. not to jumpb. to not jumpc. didn't jumpd. not jump19. the old man told the child noisy. a. not be b. not to be c. to not be d. be not 20.there is going to an

35、 important meeting tomorrow. please try late.a. have, not to beb. have, not bec. be， not to bed. be, not be21. please stop a rest if you feel tired. a. to have b. having c. have d. has 22.why didn't you buy some bread on your way home.sorry, i forgot some money with me.a. take b. taking c. to ta

36、ke d. tooka. to leaveb. to be leavingc. will you leaved. are you leaving30. she pretended me when i passed by.a. not to seeb. not seeingc. to not seed. having not seen31. she reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path.a. to have restedb. restingc. to restd. rest32.

37、 he was too excited . a. speak b. to speak c. not to speak d. speaking33. is necessary to return the book tomorrow. a. this b. that c. it d. which34. - i usually go there by train.- why not by boat for a change.a. to try goingb. trying to goc. to try and god. try going35. she did nothing at the phot

38、o.a. except lookb. but to lookc. except to lookd. but looking36. i prefer rather than .a. read；watch b. to read； watch c. reading；to watch d. to read；to watch37. the sitting-room needs , but it'll have to wait until saturday.a. to cleanb. to be cleanedc. cleand. being cleaned38. it is very impor

39、tant us these words.a. of, to remember b. for, to remember c. for, remember d. of, remembering39. we went to town some shopping. a. doing b. did c. to make d. to do40. after the final exam, i think all the students want a rest.a. stop to haveb. to stop havingc. to stop to haved. stop to having用所给动词的适当形式填空1. he make her finish do her work on time.2. my teacher often tell us not play on the street.3. not forget lock the door when you leave. 4.the farmers didn't know what do. they did not decide when start.5. she pr