Logical_Fallacies逻辑谬误

1、The Logical FallaciesThe Logical FallaciesArgument&fallacies. What is logical fallacy?why should we learn logical fallacies?fallacies in and out the textcontents&Arguments, like men, are often pretenders. Platoargumentsconclusionpremises fail to provide conclusive evidenceWhat are fallacies?

2、What are fallacies?&The logic is missing or something in the case is not clear.&is not necessarily a false statementis not necessarily a false statement. .&common and quite persuasive at least common and quite persuasive at least to the casual readerto the casual readers s or listener or

3、 listeners s The Angel in the HouseThe Angel in the House？ The most beautiful woman scientistThe most beautiful woman scientist Hedy LamarrThe mother of CDMA phonePage71,para6974 Exercise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise.Exercise is good is an unqualified generalization. For instance, if

4、 you have heart disease, exercise is bad, not good.usually good or good for most people.“All generalizations are false, including this one.”“All generalizations are false, including this one.”Mark TwainMark TwainA flood happened after the comet appeared; therefore, the comet caused the flood. Page71

5、, Para8085Page71, Para8085Lets not take Bill on our picnic. Every time we take him out with us, it rains.Eula Becker doesnt cause the rain. She has no connection with the rain.Guns are like hammersGuns are like hammerstheyre both tools with theyre both tools with metal parts that could be used to ki

6、ll someone. metal parts that could be used to kill someone. And yet it would be ridiculous to restrict the And yet it would be ridiculous to restrict the purchase of hammerspurchase of hammersso restrictions on purchasing so restrictions on purchasing guns are equally ridiculous.guns are equally rid

7、iculous. Page 72Page 72，Para 105108Para 105108&Students should be allowed to look at their textbooks during examinations. After all , surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guide them during a trial, carpenters have blueprints to guide them when they are b

8、uilding a house.& Doctors, lawyers,and carpenters arent taking a test to see how much they have learned , but students are. The situations are altogether different, and you cant make an analogy between them.Backfire: Backfire: &Para 129 hasty generalization para75&Para 133 false analogy

9、para 105&Para 137 ad misericordiam para99&Para 144 hypothesis contrary to fact para 109&Para 146 dicto simpliciter para71&Para 152 poisoning the well para115go further into the textgo further into the text&Bandwagon effect(随波逐流）Petey Burch &Hasty Generalization (草率结论）para7579

10、&Contradictory Premises(矛盾前提）：para8694&Ad Misericordiam(文不对题）：Para99104&Hypothesis Contrary(与事实相反的假设）para109114&Poisoning The Well(井里投毒）para115120 summarysummary&Loose generalization/Dicto simpliciter(过度概括）&Post hoc fallacy/False cause (牵强附会）& Weak/False analogy (错误类比）&am

11、p; Bandwagon effect （随波逐流） &Hasty Generalization (草率结论）&Contradictory Premises (矛盾前提）&Ad Misericordiam (文不对题） &Hypothesis Contrary (与事实相反的假设）&Poisoning The Well (井里投毒）&Black and white thinking （二分法思考）&Circular reasoning (循环论证）&slippery-slope (滑坡效应）why learn logical fa

12、llacieswhy learn logical fallacies1. smart (IQ&EQ）impress the judge and audience.2.removing an argument from the table rather than just weakening it.3. prepare for you opponents argument rather than being taken off guard .羡慕嫉妒有木有浪漫纯美有米有LOVE IS A LOVE IS A FALLACYFALLACY&What constitutes the

13、argument, and what the relation between argument and fallacy?Argument consists of two parts:a conclusion and certain premises.An argument that fails to be conclusively deduced is invalid, which is said to be fallacious.why learn logical fallacieswhy learn logical fallacies1. smart (IQ&EQ）impress

14、 the judge and audience.2.removing an argument from the table rather than just weakening it.3. prepare for you opponents argument rather than being taken off guard .time to showtime to show& 1. Defense Attorney: This young man could not possibly have killed his parents, because he is now an orphan.( )A. Poisoning The Well B.Circular ReasoningC. Bandwagon D.None of the above& 2.Mind and rivers, can be both broad. It is a known fact that the broader the river, the shallower it is. Therefore it must be true, that the broader the mind is, the shallower it is. ( )A. False ana