《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题09 语法填空之说明文（解析版） (2)

1、专题09 语法填空之说明文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.（2020届安徽省合肥市高三第二次质检）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, while the other end is square which symbolizes earth.This is because k

2、eeping enough food is 41 (great) concern than anything else.It is important to note that chopsticks are used in many different cultures and there is no single standard for the use of chopsticks. Here are some customs 42 (associate) with chopsticks in China. Playing with chopsticks 43 (consider) bad

3、manners. And chopsticks should not be placed 44 (vertical) in a bowl of rice or other food. Any stick-like object pointing upward 45 (resemble) the incense (香) sticks that people use 46 offerings to their dead family members. It is also bad manners to tap chopsticks on 47 edge of ones bowl, because

4、in ancient China beggars often made this noise 48 (attract) attention.In Chinese, “chopsticks” reads “kuai zi”, which means “to have sons soon,” so a newly-married couple will be very happy to accept chopsticks as 49 (they) wedding gift. 50 has already been found out is that using chopsticks improve

5、s ones memory, increases finger dexterity (灵巧) and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting.【答案】41greater42associated43is considered44vertically45resembles46as47the48to attract49their50What【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了筷子在中国饮食文化中起着重要的作用及一些与中国筷子有关的习俗。41考查

6、形容词的比较级。句意：这是因为保持足够的食物比其他任何事情都更加引起人们的关注。由than可知，great应该使用比较级形式。故填greater。42考查过去分词。句意：这里有一些与中国筷子有关的习俗。associatewith“将与联系起来”。customs承受associate的动作，应使用associate的过去分词作后置定语修饰customs。故填associated。43考查时态和语态。句意：玩筷子被认为是不礼貌的行为。由上下文可知，句子要使用一般现在时，主语playing with chopsticks承受consider的动作，因此consider还要使用被动语态，动名词作主语，

7、谓语动词使用单数形式。故填is considered。44考查副词。句意：筷子不应垂直放在米饭或其他食物中。副词作状语修饰谓语动词。故填vertically。45考查时态和主谓一致。句意：任何指向上方的棒状物体都类似于人们用来向死去的家人进行供奉的香棒。由上下文可知，句子要使用一般现在时，主语是单数意义，谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填resembles。46考查介词。句意：任何指向上方的棒状物体都类似于人们用来向死去的家人进行供奉的香棒。useas“将用作”。故填as。47考查冠词。句意：用筷子敲击碗边的方式也是不礼貌的，因为在中国古代，乞丐经常发出这种声音来吸引注意力。此处为特指意义，应使用定

8、冠词。on the edge of“在的边缘”。故填the。48考查动词不定式。句意：用筷子敲击碗边的方式也是不礼貌的，因为在中国古代，乞丐经常发出这种声音来吸引注意力。此处使用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to attract。49考查形容词性物主代词。句意：筷子在中文中读成“ kuai zi”，意思是“快要生儿子”，因此一对新婚夫妇将很高兴接受筷子作为结婚礼物。此处使用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰wedding gift。故填their。50考查主语从句的引导词。句意：已经发现的是，使用筷子可以改善人的记忆力。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填的词引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，指物，意为“东西”，因此

9、使用what。故填What。2.（2020届广东省高考模拟 ）You only have one pair of eyes, so take care of them! But do you know that it is tempting to think that your eyes are simply mirrors that reflect whatever is in front of them? Researchers, however, 41 ( show) that your brain is constantly working to create the 42 (impr

10、ess) of an uninterrupted and continuous world. For instance, in the last 10 minutes, you have blinked (眨眼)your eyes around 200 times. You have probably not been aware of any 43 these interruptions in your visual world. Something you probably have not seen in a long time without the aid of mirrors 44

11、 (be) your nose. It is always right there, down in the bottom comer of your vision, but your brain filters it out so that you are not aware of your nose 45 you purposefully look at it. Nor are you aware of the artery (动脉) 46 ( run) right down the middle of your retina (视网 膜).It creates 47 large blin

12、d spot in your visual field, but you never notice the hole it leaves. To see this blind spot 48 (clear) , try the following: cover your left eye with your hand. With your right eye, look at the 0 on the left. As you move your head 49 ( close) to the 0, the X will disappear as it enters the blind spo

13、t 50(cause) by your optical nerve. Your brain works hard to make the world look continuous!【答案】41have shown42impression43of44is45unless46running47a48clearly49closer50caused【解析】这是一篇说明文。人们很容易认为你的眼睛只是一面镜子，反映出你面前的一切,研究人员已经表明，你的大脑在不断地工作，以创造出一个不间断、连续的世界的印象。视网膜中央的动脉，它在你的视野中形成了一个大的盲点。41考查动词时态。根据句意“然而，研究人员已经

14、表明，你的大脑在不断地工作，以创造出一个不间断、连续的世界的印象”，此处指过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，且主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have shown。42考查名词。根据上文the可知应填名词，且表示“印象”名词为impression。故填impression。43考查介词。根据短语any of表示“中的任何一个”，故填of。44考查主谓一致。本句主语为something，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填is。45考查连词。根据句意“除非你有目的地看它”可知，此处为条件状语从句，表示“除非”应用unless。故填unless。46考查非

15、谓语动词。分析句子结构可知run在句中应用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语artery构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填running。47考查冠词。spot为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且large为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。48考查副词。修饰动词see应用副词clearly，表示“清楚地”。故填clearly。49考查比较级。句意：当你的头离0更近的时候，X就会消失，因为它进入了由你的视神经引起的盲点。结合句意表示“更近”应用形容词比较级closer。故填closer。50考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知cause在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语blind spot构成被动关

16、系，故用过去分词。故填caused。3.（2020届广东省深圳市高三第一次调研 ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Reading a book can open the door to a wonderful new world of magic and 41(discover), which is why people all around the world love to read. Every year many notable prizes 42 (award) to the creative minds behind the books we enj

17、oy. One such prize goes to the best new work of childrens fiction.Known as the Newbery Medal, the award got started back in 1921, 43 Frederic Melcher suggested the American Library Association set up an annual award 44 the best new childrens book. Everyone agreed, and they 45 (eventual) decided to n

18、ame the award after John Newbery, an 18th-century English publisher who had made great efforts 46 (promote) childrens literature. The winning book is selected by a committee that 47 (vary) from year to year, and the process of 48 (choose) a winner takes an entire year. Sometimes, 49 committee will d

19、esignate (指定)honor books, which are books that might not have won the award, but are still considered to be very50 (impress). So next time you are at the bookstore, take a look at the childrens section.【答案】41discovery42are awarded43when44for45eventually46to promote47varies48choosing49the50impressive

20、【解析】本文是说明文。读书可以开阔人们的视野，发现未知世界的秘密。文章介绍了儿童读物奖“纽伯里奖”的来历。41考查名词。句意：读书可以打开神奇的世界之门并给人们带来新的发现，这就是全世界的人们都喜欢读书的原因。此处需要填入名词和magic并列，它们一起来作介词of的宾语，discover的名词是discovery，它在句子中作为不可数名词使用。故填discovery。42考查时态和语态。句意：每年，我们喜欢的书背后的创新思维都会获得许多杰出的奖项。由every year可知，句子要使用一般现在时，主语prizes承受award的动作，因此award还要使用被动语态。故填are awarded。

21、43考查定语从句的引导词。句意：该奖项被称为纽伯里奖，该奖项始于1921年，当时弗雷德里克·梅尔彻（Frederic Melcher）建议美国图书馆协会设立年度最佳新儿童读物奖。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是1921，它在从句中作状语，因此使用when引导定语从句。故填when。44考查介词。句意：该奖项被称为纽伯里奖，该奖项始于1921年，当时弗雷德里克·梅尔彻（Frederic Melcher）建议美国图书馆协会设立年度最佳新儿童读物奖。此处需要填入介词，结合句意及语境，应使用for，表示“为了”。故填for。45考查副词。句意：大家都同意了，他们最终决

22、定以18世纪英国出版商约翰·纽伯里（John Newbery）的名字命名，他为促进儿童文学做出了巨大的努力。副词作状语修饰动词decided。故填eventually。46考查固定短语。句意：大家都同意了，他们最终决定以18世纪英国出版商约翰·纽伯里（John Newbery）的名字命名，他为促进儿童文学做出了巨大的努力。make great efforts to do是固定结构，意为“努力做某事”。故填to promote。47考查时态和主谓一致。句意：获奖书是由每年不同的委员会选出的，而选出获奖者的过程则需要一整年的时间。由from year to year可知，定语从

23、句使用一般现在时，committee是从句的主语，因此从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。故填varies。48考查动名词。句意：获奖书是由每年不同的委员会选出的，而选出获奖者的过程则需要一整年的时间。此处需要填入动名词作介词of的宾语。故填choosing。49考查冠词。句意：有时，委员会将指定荣誉图书，这些图书可能没有获得奖项，但仍然被认为是给人留下深刻印象的。此处为第二次提到该委员会，为特指意义，应使用定冠词。故填the。50考查形容词。句意：有时，委员会会指定荣誉图书，这些图书可能没有获得奖项，但仍然被认为是给人留下深刻印象的。be动词后接形容词作表语，结合句意使用impress的形容词imp

24、ressive。故填impressive。4.（2020届河南省安阳市高三第二次模拟）It takes a lot of land and water 41 (grow) animals. People might one day grow meat in factories instead of having to harvest it from farmed animals. Growing meat in a lab could mean 42 (use) fewer animals and lowering the 43 (environment) costs of raising l

25、ivestock（牲畜）. So far, no attempts at lab-grown meat 44 (manage) to match the texture（结构，口感）of the animal muscles eaten as meat. One new development does this by using a technique of making cotton candy. It grows meat with more structures.Researchers have already known how to grow cells, 45 are the b

26、asis of meat. However, a pile of cells does not have the chewy texture of a chicken breast. Cells without a support 46 (be) more like a soup, or at best a meatball . The new process resembles 47 way that cotton candy is made, except that it uses gelatin（明胶）instead of melted sugar. The lab-grown samp

27、les all look like the different natural 48 (meat). And they have similar material nature, too. The nature affects how chewy, springy or soft the meat is. 49 controlling how the gelatin fibers are twisted, the scientists can set the fibers arrangement and spacing, which determines 50 the man-made mea

28、t ends up more like a burger or a steak.【答案】41to grow42using43environmental44have managed45which46are47the48meats49By50whether【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的科技技术：一种利用制作棉花糖的技术来制造肉。41考查固定句式。句意：饲养动物需要大量的土地和水。it takes sth to do，固定句式，意为“需要做某事”。故填to grow。42考查动名词和固定结构。句意：在实验室里种植肉类可能意味着使用更少的动物和降低饲养牲畜的环境成本。mean doin

29、g sth，固定结构，意为“意味着做某事”。故填using。43考查形容词。句意：在实验室里种植肉类可能意味着使用更少的动物和降低饲养牲畜的环境成本。分析可知，所填空应是形容词作定语修饰之后的名词costs(费用；成本)。故填environmental。44考查时态。句意：到目前为止，还没有人尝试过在实验室里培育出与食用动物肌肉结构相匹配的肉。根据时间状语so far可知应是现在完成时。故填have managed。45考查定语从句。句意：研究人员已经知道如何培养作为肉类基础的细胞。分析可知，“_5_ are the basis of meat”应是之前名词cells的非限制性定语从句，先行词

30、在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。46考查时态。句意：没有支撑物的细胞更像汤，或者至多像个肉丸子。分析可知，所填空在句中作谓语，结合语境可知时态为一般现在时，主语为“Cells”，名词复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are。47考查冠词。句意：新工艺类似于棉花糖的制作方法，只不过它使用的是明胶，而不是融化的糖。分析可知，所填空之后为名词way，应有冠词作限定词，且之后有定语从句修饰，表特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。48考查名词复数。句意：实验室培养的样本看起来都像是不同的天然肉类。分析可知，当表达各种各样不同种类的肉时，名词meat可用复数形式表达。故填meat

31、s。49考查介词。句意：通过控制明胶纤维的扭曲方式，科学家们可以设定纤维的排列和间距，从而决定人造肉最终是更像汉堡还是牛排。分析可知，“_9_ controlling how the gelatin fibers are twisted”应是句中的方式状语，by doing，“通过做某事的方式”，在句中可作方式状语。故填By。50考查宾语从句。句意：通过控制明胶纤维的扭曲方式，科学家们可以设定纤维的排列和间距，从而决定人造肉最终是更像汉堡还是牛排。分析可知，“_10_ the man-made meat ends up more like a burger or a steak”应是宾语从句，

32、结合句意可知，从句句子结构完整，表达不确定性，应用“是否”含义连接词，且从句中含有“or”，whetheror，“是还是”符合句意。故填whether。5.（2020届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。The earliest elephant relatives 41(originate) in Africa about 60 million years ago and were driven away to every continent unearth, except Antarctica and Australia. T

33、here are about 165 42(know) elephant species from the fossil record. However, scientists estimate that there would have been many more species that we havent found yet in this branch of 43 evolutionary tree of life. 44 Earths more recent history, between 50,000 and 40,000 years ago, there were 16 sp

34、ecies of elephants with their relatives 45(live) at the same time around the world, including at least seven in the United States. Today, there are only three species of elephants that remain: the African savannah elephant (萨凡纳象), the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. 46 (population)

35、of all three species are declining, with Asian elephants47 (current) at a much higher risk of extinction.Todays elephants are part of the order Proboscidea (长鼻目) that consists of modern elephants and their extinct relatives. This kind of, the animals 48(have)a proboscis, or trunk, which they use to

36、eat and drink. 49today there are only three species of elephants surviving, their evolutionary history is much 50 (diverse).【答案】41originated42known43the44In45living46Populations47currently48has49While/ Although /Though50more diverse【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了大象物种的演变和现状。41考查动词时态。about 60 million years ago提示本句用一

37、般过去时。故填originated。42考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，are是谓语动词，前后没有连词，know要用非谓语形式，它与物种是被动关系。故填known。43考查冠词。在生命的进化中，表示特指。故填the。44考查介词。在地球近期历史中，inhistory。故填In。45考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这里是with+宾语+宾补结构，亲戚和住是主动关系，用现在分词，故填living。46考查名词复数。表示三个物种的数量用复数名词，are提示主语是复数，故填Populations。47考查副词。副词修饰介词短语。故填currently。48考查动词时态。分析句子结构主语是this

38、kind，谓语用单数，这种大象使用象鼻帮助吃东西喝水。故填has。49考查状语从句连接词。前后表示让步，虽然现存大象物种减少到三种，但它们的进化史却更加多样化。故填While/ Although /Though。50考查形容词比较级。be动词后用形容词，much修饰形容词比较级。故填more diverse。6.（2020届湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量检测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The maned wolf is a weird -looking beast. It is41distinct species in the Canidae family

39、.The wolves live in a vast tropical savanna in South America 42(call) the Corrado, which boasts extraordinary varieties of plants and animals. But that habitat43(disappear )gradually due to rapid expansion of agriculture.According to Smithsonian scientist Songsasen, this large-scale habitat44 (lose)

40、 threatens the future of the maned wolf species. Eight percent of the grassland has disappeared, and only five percent of the natural habitat that remains 45(protect) at present.So Songsasen and his team are attempting to breed an insurance population of maned wolves, 46(basic), a backup population

41、of captive maned wolves 47case the animals become extinct in the wild.In order to play matchmaker for the wolves, Songsasen works with scientists all over the country 48(build) a genetic database of the wolves currently in captivity. Each wolf is given a genetic value corresponding with49related the

42、y are to other wolves. The 50(little) related two wolves are, the better suited they are as potential mates. That s because genetic diversity helps a population survive.【答案】41a42called43is disappearing44loss45is protected/is being protected46basically47in48to build49how50less【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了鬃狼这种动物，

43、这些狼生活在南美洲一个叫做科拉多的热带大草原上，那里有各种各样的植物和动物。但是由于农业的迅速扩张，这种栖息地正在逐渐消失。以及人们为保护这种动物采取的措施。41考查冠词。后文species表示“物种”此处泛指应用不定冠词，且distinct为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。42考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知call在句中应用非谓语动词形式做状语，与逻辑主语wolves构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填called。43考查动词时态。句意：但是由于农业的迅速扩张，这种栖息地正在逐渐消失。表示目前正在进行的动作应用现在进行时，主语为habitat，谓语动词用单数。故填is disappearing。

44、44考查名词。此处做主语表示“丧失”应用名词loss。故填loss。45考查动词时态语态。此处可理解为陈述客观事实用一般现在时，也可理解为目前正在进行的动作用现在进行时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，主语为only five percent of the natural habitat，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is protected/is being protected。46考查副词。修饰后文整个句子应用副词basically，表示“基本上”。故填basically。47考查介词。此处为目的状语从句，表示“以防，以免”短语为in case。故填in。48考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知bui

45、ld在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且本句中表目的应用不定式。故填to build。49考查连接词。此处为宾语从句，且修饰后文形容词related应用how。故填how。50考查比较级。此处为固定结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。故填less。7.（2020届江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。When you say that someone has a good memory, what do you mean? Are you saying the person has fast recall or that

46、she or he absorbs information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about the childhood. The41( true ) is that it is difficult to say exactly what memory is. Scientists believe that a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information42(store) all over the brain. Perhaps t

47、he best way to describe memory is to say that it is a process 43 recording, storing and retrieving (提取) information. It is this process 44 allows us to keep memories of past events and facts. In order for information to be remembered, it must be recorded in the brain. And 45(record) something in bra

48、in, you have to notice it or register it, using46 or more of your five sensessight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. Through practice and repetition the pieces that make up your memory of that information 47(strengthen).Memory can be48(negative) affected by a number of things. Poor nutrition and de

49、pression can affect the ability to keep information. Over-drinking alcohol can also lead to49(damage) the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing impairment (损伤) may affect the ability to notice certain things, thus making 50harder to record information.【答案】41truth42stored43of44that45to record

50、46one47are strengthened/will be strengthened48negatively49damaging50it【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了记忆的概念、过程及一些影响记忆的消极因素。41考查名词。定冠词the修饰名词，且此空在句中作主语。因此将形容词true变成名词truth。故填truth。42考查非谓语动词。store和逻辑主语information之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语修饰名词。故填stored。43考查介词。句意：或许，最好的描述记忆的方式是说它是一个记录、储存和提取信息的过程。短语a process of意为“的过程”。故填of。44考

51、查强调句。强调句句型结构“it is/was +被强调的部分+that/who +其他”，本句被强调的部分指物，因此用that。故填that。45考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在脑中记录一些事，你不得不注意或者记住它，使用一种或一种以上你的五官。此处to do不定式表目的，作状语。故填to record。46考查数词。句意：为了在脑中记录一些事，你不得不注意或者记住它，使用一种或一种以上你的感官。由句意可知，当你记录信息的时候，会用到一种或多种感官。故填one。47考查被动语态和时态。动词strengthen和主语the pieces of that information之间是被动关系，主语是复

52、数，谓语动词也用复数。用一般现在时或一般将来时表陈述事实都可以，意为：“那个信息的片段会被加强/将会被加强。故填are strengthened/will be strengthened。48考查副词。副词修饰动词affected，因此将形容词negative变成negatively。故填negatively。49考查动名词。短语lead to意为“导致”；to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。因此将动词damage变成动名词damage。故填damaging。50考查代词。making真正的宾语是后边的to do 不定式，空处代词it作形式宾语。故填it。8.（2020届山西省太原市高三模拟 ）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。As to garlic and raw onion, you might want to avoid their after-effects, but many of these41(positive) unfriendly foods are good for you. In fact, although the smell