现在完成时(初三复习专用)

1、现在完成时知识点讲解（学案内容：现在完成时、时间状语、现在完成时与一般过去时区别、have been to/ have gone to/ have been in三种结构、短暂性动词与持续性动词、课后练习）导学一：现在完成时知识点讲解现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成，助动词have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作 或状态对现在的 结果或影响。My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。I ' m SUre W

2、e ' Ve met be我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived.她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 recently, already, just, lately, for ,Sinyet 等。,如：I haven ' t heard from her these day这些日子我没有收到她的信。We haven ' t Seen you recently最近我们没有见到你。They have bee n away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。She has bee n With U

3、S SinCe Mon day.IrregUIar VerbSBaSe FormPaSt FormPaSt PartiCiPIeChin esebearborebornbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblow nbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtCatChCaUghtCaUghtchoosechosechosencomeCamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedrive neatateeate nfallfellfalle nfindfoundfou ndflyfle

4、wflow ngetgotgotgivegavegive ngoWentgonegrowgrewgrow nhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadePUtPUtPUtreadreadreadrunranrunSaySaidSaidSeeSaWSee nsellsoldsoldSendSentSentSingSangSUngtaketooktake nteachtaughttaughtWritewrotewroteam, isWaSbee nareWerebee n课堂练习写出下列单词的过去

5、分词形式Work fin ish arriveChange See havemarryViSitmissPreferdohearliveclea nStUdymeetbeclimbpla ntakestopkeepbuySPe ndlear nforgetbring导学一：现在完成时时间状语知识点讲解现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。（此种用法谓语动词用结束性动词）如: The PIane has arrived.常用的时间状语和副词：already ,yet , ever , n ever一、already已经；yet尚未，仍未，还；强调前不久完成的动作对现在造成

6、的影响，谓语 动词使用非延续性动词。already用于肯定句中，yet用于否定句和疑问句的句末。例如：I have already fini Shed my homework.我已经完成我的家庭作业了。He has n'tcome yet.他还没有回来。HaS She finiShed cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？ 练：I have already done my homework.（变为否定句 ）二、ever （曾经），句中；never （从不）,表示否定，强调到目前为止的生活经历。谓语动词 用延续性动词。例如：HaVe you ever climb that mou n

7、tai n? 你曾经爬过那座山吗？HaVe you ever been to Sha nghai?你曾经去过上海吗？I have never late for school.我从来没有迟到过。already ever与never应位于助动词 have/has之后，主要动词之前。拓展： before （以前 ），句尾，独立用I haven 'tmet him before. 我以前从来没有见过他。just （刚刚），用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间。如： I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。三、 since 和 for 的区别since 后接时

8、间点，如 1993 ，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for 后接一段时间，表示 “长达多久 ”，如 ten years, a while, two days 等。 例子Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.The Greens have lived in London since three years ago. 单选题（ ） 1. Have you heard of Disneyland?A. alway

9、sB. everC. neverD. sometimes(）2.I have finished my homework. So I can have a rest now.A.everB. alreadyC. neverD. yet(）3.She is a good student, shehas been late for school.A.everB. alreadyC. neverD. yet(）4.I am very hungry , I haven'thad my breakfastA.everB. alreadyC. neverD. yet答案：BBCDExercise:

10、用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country 1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting 20 minutes.7. Nobo

11、dy lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.答案:1. Since2. for 3. for 4. SinCe 5. SinCe 6. for 7. for 8. SinCe导学三：现在完成与一般过去时知识点讲解现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1)侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作 对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现

12、在无关。 如：YeSterday I Went to the zoo.(仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关)Li Lei has read the book.(说明李磊了解那本书的内容 )(2)连用的时间状语不同：一般过去时常与 ago, yesterday, last ,in 2000, just n等Wl用。 而现在完成时与 already, yet, still, just, so far, in the last/ PaSt ,before, ever, never, SinCe , for -等时间状语连用。注现在完成时不可与 yesterday, last week, two day

13、s ago等过去时间状语连用。 例：I(run)for an hour.I(lose) my new book yesterday.导学四：have been to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区另U(1) have been to去过某地(现已离开)，可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。(2) has gone to去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上或已在某地，总之现 在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。(3) have been in表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则用at。例子：Where has he be

14、en?他刚才到哪里去了？(已经回来了)Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？(人不在)They have been to Can ada.他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)They have gone to Ca nada.他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大)They have been in this City for a Iong time. 他们已经呆在这个城市很长时间了课堂练习一、翻译：你以前去过北京吗？ 吉姆已经去了伦敦。 格林一家在中国已经两年了。 答案Have you ever been to Beijing?Jim has gone to Londo

15、nThe Greens have been in China for two years二、单项选择()1. I have Beijing three times.A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at()2.-Where is Mike?He has London .A. beentoB. gonetoC.been inD.been at()3. Tony has never China. He looks forward to coming to ChinaA. beentoB. gonetoC.been inD.been at( )4.Lu

16、cy has China for 5 years.A. beentoB. gonetoC.been inD.been at( )5.The teacher has the village to teach the poor students for 10 years.A. beentoB. gonetoC.been inD.been at答案： ABACC三、填空题1) Where is Jack? He his country.2) David the park just now.3) John England since he came back.4) How long they this

17、 village?5) The Smiths Beijing for years.6) you ever America? - Yes, I there many times.7) I this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He the farm.9) When he ? He an hour ago.10) Would you like to to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I there before.11) Whereyounow? - I to the zoo.12) He ofte nSWim

18、mi ng.13) youthere IaSt year?14) they ofte nSkati ng in Wi nter?答案I. has gone to3. has bee n in5. have bee n in7. have bee n in / at9. did go ; WentII. are , going ; am going13. Did , go2. Went to4. have , bee n in6. HaVe , bee n to ; have bee n8. has gone to10. go ; have bee n12. goes14. Do , go16导

19、学五：短暂性动词与持续性动词知识点讲解短暂性动词短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词，只表示一时的动作，在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, jo in, marry, die, begi n, start,borrow, close, open, lend 等。eg. I have bought this book for three mon ths. ( )×短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词又名持续性动词，它表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以长时间延

20、续下去或产生 持久的影响。英语中的延续性动词比较多，女口work, Stand, lie, know等。1. He WOrked all day in the laboratory. 他在实验室干了一天。2. I Waited for you for more than half an hour.我等你等了半个多小时了。表示时间段的短语有 ：for+ 时间,for 2 years; Since从句,since he Came here; Since+时间点名词,since last year, SinCe 5 days ago; how long; for a Iong time 等注意非延续

21、性动词在现在完成时里不能和表示一段时间的for或者Since连用 。I bought a bike three years ago. I have had the bike for about 3 years.-1 borrowed a book from the library.-HoW Iong have you kept the book?-Whe n did his gra ndpa die?-Te n years ago. He has bee n dead for ten years.He has left. He has been away for a Iong time.现归纳

22、总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:arrive be herebegi n( Start) be Onbegi n to StUdy StUdy come to workleave be awayfall ill(sick,asleep) be ill(sick,asleep)get UP be UPgo out be outfinish be overPUt On Wear 或be Onope n be openjoi n be in 或be a member of close be closedgo to school be a StUde ntborrow keepbuy hav

23、eCome back be back know wor等die be deadcatch(a cold) have(a CoIdet to know女口： He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。HiS father has bee n dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been On for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have StUdied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。课堂练习 一、语法单选( )1.Herfatherin

24、 1990 and her husba ndfor more tha n five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has bee n dead (D)has died, has died()2.1 havethis nice WatCh for two years(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)le nd()3.Hehis home for ten years(A)has left (B)Ieft from (C)has bee n away from (D)WaS away from()4.Hea I

25、eagUe member for three years(A)is (B)has bee n(C)has become (D)have become( )5.Lihua's brother hasfor two years(A)jo ined the army (B)bee n an army(C)become a soldier (D)bee n in the army()6.He has n'tQUan zhou ever SinCe he left school(A)Ieft (B)been away from (C)been (D)away 答案：CACBDB二、句型转

26、换。1. I have borrowed a new book from the school library.I a new book from the school library for two days.2. She has gone there.She there yesterday.3. The film has begun.The film five minutes.4. The boy has come back.The boy for an hour.5. The man in a hat has left.The man in a hat half an hour ago.

27、6. He has already died.He for twenty years.7. The young man has joined the League.The young man member two years.The young man the League two years ago.答案1. I have borrowed a new book from the school library.I have had a new book from the school library for two days.2. She has gone there.She has _be

28、en there since yesterday.3. The film has begun.The film has been on _for five minutes.4. The boy has come back.The boy has been _back for an hour.5. The man in a hat has left.The man in a hat has_ been away from half anhour ago.6. He has already died.He has been dead for twenty years.7. The young ma

29、n has joined the League.The young man _has been a member for_ two years.The young man _has_ been _in the League _since_ two years ago.三、延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1. He left here 2 years ago. Hefrom here for 2 years.2. The film bega n 30 minu tes ago.The filmfor 30 minu tes.3. They ope ned the door an hour ago

30、.The doorfor an hour.4. They closed the door an hour ago.The doorfor an hour.5. He joined the army last year.Hethefor a year.Ita yearhe joined the army.答案1. has bee n away2.has bee n On 3has bee n On 4.has bee n closed 5has bee n in army is SinCe课后练习一、将下列句子变成否定句，一般疑问句，并对划线部分提问。1) I have bee n there

31、for two days.否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：2) My father has lived here SinCe 2000.否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：3) He left here yesterday.否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：4) They bought a book two hours ago.否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：答案1) I have bee n there for two days.否定句：i have n 'bee n there for two days一般疑问句： have you bee n there for two

32、 days? 对划线部分提问： how Iong have you bee n there2) My father has lived here SinCe 2000.否定句： my father has n 'lived here SinCe 2000一般疑问句：has your father lived here Sin ce2000?对划线部分提问：how Iong has your father lived here3) He left here yesterday.否定句： he did n HeaVe here yesterday一般疑问句：did he leave her

33、e yesterday?对划线部分提问：Whe n did he leave here?4) They bought a book two hours ago.否定句：they didn 'buy a book two hours ago一般疑问句：did they buy a book two hours ago?对划线部分提问：Whe n did they buy a book、用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, SinCe ” to 填空1.1 haveSee n him before, so I have no idea about

34、him.2. JaCk hasfini Shed his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this schoolten years.4. “ HaVe youSeen the film?”“ No, I haveSeen it.5. “ HaS the bus left?”“ Yes, it hasleft.”答案： n ever already for ever n ever yet just、用Since和for填空1. two years2. two years ago3.4 hours4.an hour ago5. We Were ChiIdre

35、n6. IUnCh time7. She left here8. He has lived in Nanjingthe year before last.9. She has bee n away from the Cityabout ten years.10. It ' S about ten yearsShe left the city.答案1. fortwo years3 for 4 hours5. _since_We Were ChiIdre n7._SinCe_ She left here2. _SinCe_two years ago4. _SinCean hour ago6

36、. SinCe_ IUnCh time8. He has lived in Nanjing _SinCe_ the year before last.9. She has bee n away from the Cityforabout ten years.10. It ' S about ten years SinCeShe left the city.四、用单词的适当形式填空时1. Both of them(be) in Hongkong for ten days.2. Both of them(COme) to Hongkongten days ago.3. Half an ho

37、ur(PaSS) SinCe the train(leave).5. Mary(lose) her pen.you(See) it here and there?6. you(find) your WatCh yet?7. they(build) a new school in the village?8. I(not fini Sh) my homework . Can you help me?9. My father (read) the novel twice.10. I(buy) a book just now.11. I(lost ) my WatCh yesterday.答案：1.

38、 have been 2.came 3.has PaSSed,left4.lost,have Seen 5.Have,foUnd 6.have,returned7. have built 8.haven 'tfiniShed9.has read 10.bought 11.lost五、综合时态练习1. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.2. How Iongthe WangS(Stay) here ? For two weeks.3. Ijust(fin ish) my homework.4. He(go) to school On foot

39、 every day.5. you(find) your SCie nce book yet?6. If it(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go With you.7. The StUde nts(read) En glish Whe n the teacher Came in.8. Look! The mon key(CIimb) the tree.9. My mother(COme) to See me next Sun day.10. I've lost my pen.you(See) it any where?答案：1. have made 2. h

40、ave, Stayed 3. have, fini Shed 4. goes 5. have, found 6. is7. Were read ing8. is CIimbi ng9. is Coming 10. Have, See n六. 选择题（综合时态训练）1. Mike USed to be a top StUdent, but hebehind SinCe he losthimself in COmPUtergames.()A . fell B. has fallen C. WaS D . has been2. - I'm sorry to have kept you Wai

41、ting Iong-NeVer mi nd . I here for Only a few minu tes .()A . have been B . have comeC . WaS D . am3. - Helen , When did you move here ?-Ihere SinCe two years ago .()A . movedB . lived C . have movedD . have lived4 . Peoplemore and more USefUIthings to PrOteCt the earthSinCe Earth Day WaSStarted .()

42、A . did B . Were doing C . will doD . have done5. - IS Jimmy going to the Party ?-rm afraid not . Heto Hainan Island .()A . Went B . has gone C . WaS going6. What do you think of our City ?Very beautiful . You know it is the first time that Ihere .()A . will be B . WaS C . had been D . have been7 .

43、HUrry up!The Piano ConCertfor five minutes .()A . had begu n B . has bee n On C . has begu n D . bega n8 . - When did the Greens come to China ?-TheyChina for SeVen years .()A . have come toB . have bee n toC . have come in D . have bee n in9 . Ithis book for a Week . I have to retur n it now.()A . borrow B . have borrowedC . have kept10 . - Do you know the movie Lost in ThaiIand ?-YeS . Iit twice . It