配网开关自动化功能技术方案

1、.配网开关自动化功能技术方案馈线故障管理功能 针对两种馈线：1具有以“电压-时间”作为故障判据的当地自动化控制功能的馈线；2以提供“电流”为故障判据的馈线。1. The Solution of Distribution Network Voltage Type Switches 电压型配网开关自动化技术方案1.1 Equipment description 开关设备描述Pole mounted vacuum switches (PMS) with local automation and voltage sensors are widely used in Guiyang Power (GP)

2、 for local fault isolation and restoration. Its type: VSP5, rated voltage 12 kV, rated current 630 A, 50 Hz, rated short-time withstand current 12,5 kA and rated making current 40 kA. Voltage transformers are installed on both sides, in one phase. 在贵阳供电局广泛使用的柱上真空开关(PMS),每个开关具备以电压为故障判据的当地自动化功能，可以在当地进

3、行故障定位，故障隔离和恢复供电等功能，该设备的型号为VSP5, 额定电压为12KV， 额定电流为630A, 50Hz, 故障瞬间电流12.5KV, 额定 KA。该开关的电压传感器安装在开关的两侧，单相。Normally, there are 5 PMS switches on 2 connected 10 kV feeders, where 2 PMS switches are normally closed on both sides and one is normally open, as presented on the Figure 1.在一般情况下，在两条10KV的馈线上，配有5个P

4、MS开关，其中两个PMS开关为常闭，在线路的两侧，另一个为常开，如下图所示：Figure 1 PMS switches automation logic图1- PMS开关当地控制逻辑1.2 Local automation logic: 当地自动控制功能1. In case of Fault on section “b”, CB will trip out, PMS 1 and PMS 2 will lose voltage on VT and automatically Open.当b段线路发生故障时，变电站内的出线开关将跳开，同时，PMS开关1和2将失去电压并且打开；2. After 5

5、sec: CB will automatically close. PMS1 will receive voltage, wait 7 sec (X time) and then Close.5秒之后，变电站内的出线开关将自动闭合，PMS开关1将收到电压，它等7秒（X时间）后自动闭合；3. PMS1: in the next 5 sec (white time), if loose voltage again (if Fault is downstream then CB will trip again and PMS 1 will lose voltage again), he will a

6、utomatically Open again and Lock；PMS开关1：接下来5秒时间 (white time), 如果再度失压 (如果故障是在下游，断路器跳开，PMS1将再失压 ), 将自动打开并闭锁。4. PMS2: in the white time of PMS1, PMS2 will receive “remain” voltage after fault place (setting between 30 80% of rated voltage) and he will Lock in open position.PMS2: 在PMS1的white time时间内, PM

7、S2 将在故障位置后接收 “保持” 电压(设置在额定电压的30 80%) 并将锁定在打开位置。 5. PMS 3: Loose voltage on one side. If receives “remain” voltage on that side inside 45 sec, he will Lock and stay Open. If does not receive remain” voltage inside 45 sec, he will automatically Close.PMS 3:在一侧失压. 如果在45秒内另一侧接收到“保持” 电压, 它将被锁定并保持在开的状态.如果

8、在45秒内没收到“保持” 电压，它将被自动闭合。6. After another 5 sec, CB will close again.再5秒后, 变电站内的出线开关再次闭合.7. Section “a” is energized by CB, section “b” is de-energized, and section “c” is energized by PMS3.线路段“a” 通过变电站内的出线开关带电, 线段“b” 不带电, 线段“c” 通过PMS3带电。VSP switches operation is additionally described in Attachment

9、1.VSP开关的运行将在本文的附件 1中描述。1.3 Modelling in DMS DMS中的模型DMD in real-time mode DMD在实时模式下For feeder lines with VSP5 switches under remote control, SCADA system can acquire:1. switch status,2. measurements of voltage and current对于VSP5的线路，主站SCADA系统可以采集到：1 各开关的位置信号；2 各开关线路上的电压和电流值。In case of fault, switches w

10、ith local automation will automatically execute programmed procedure on field, as described in 1.2, and DMD will be updated automatically from SCADA system. Opening of the Substation breaker will be alarmed by SCADA system, and DMS will record all changes of statuses of switches.当发生故障时，带有当地自动控制功能的开关

11、将自动执行控制程序（如前所述），DMD将根据由系统采集到的实时信息进行更新并显示。变电站内的出线开关的状态变化将由产生告警信息，DMS也将对所有有关的开关状态变化进行有效记录。The faulted place will be automatically isolated and power restored, according to setting of local automation.故障将由当地自动控制系统进行自动隔离和供电恢复。Change of tie switch position and/or local automation program must be done on

12、field by people trained by manufacturer of VSP5 or similar switches.联络开关位置的操作由当地自动控制系统或者又VSP5设备维护人员来进行。Tie Switch is changeable and it is required to support sending setpoint command to DTU to change the switch from “Section Switch” to “Tie Switch” or from “Tie Switch” to “Section Switch” via OASyS

13、Scada.在线路中，开关的类型是可以在“联络开关”和“分段开关”之间互换的，并且是通过OASyS Scada的遥调命令给该开关的RTU设备进行设值来改变开关的类型由“分段开关”转换到“联络开关”，或者由“联络开关”转换到“分段开关”。开关的时间参数设置由OASyS Scada的遥调命令来完成。DMD in Simulation mode:在仿真模式下的DMD：In the “Fault Management” function, mode “Fault Isolation”, it will be possible to automatically update statuses of PM

14、S switches, by selection of the method “Switches controlled by Local Automation” and option “With Voltage Sensors”, as presented on the Figure 2.在故障管理功能中，选择“故障隔离”模式，系统将自动更新PMS开关状态，通过选择本地自动化控制开关方法，并勾选带电压传感器选项，如图2所示。Figure 2 Fault Management function Fault Isolation mode Fault Isolation Methods图2-故障管理

15、功能-故障隔离模式-故障隔离方法If selected, status of all PMS switches will be updated according to selected fault place and PMS local automation logic. 选择后，所有的PMS开关状态都将根据所设定的故障位置和PMS本地自动化逻辑更新。After update of PMS switches statuses, user will be able to continue Fault Isolation in de-energized area, by selecting an

16、other method, for example “Dichotomy Method”.在更新PMS开关状态后，用户可以通过选择另外一个方法，如二分法，在失电区域进行故障隔离。1.4 故障管理Fault management 虽然此类馈线具备当地故障自动控制功能，但是仍然需要由SCADA系统进行故障定位并在DMS的界面上展示故障的区段。当馈线的当地功能失效时, DMS的故障管理功能就可以用来进行故障定位、故障隔离和供电恢复，具体的操作方式见附件二 Although feeder lines with Voltage Type Switches have local fault managem

17、ent logic, it is still required to use DMS to locate fault and present estimation of the fault place on DMS display.If local automation is disabled, then DMS will be used for fault location, isolation and supply restoration as decribed in Attachment 2.为了做到上述要求，OASyS Scada系统需要能够采集到此类馈线的以下实时信息：1 各开关的状

18、态；2 故障电流值和；3 故障类型； In order to meet above-said requirement, OASyS Scada system need to be able to collect the following realtime data related with the feeder lines:1. The status of switches;2. Fault current values;3. Fault types.DMS would use “two-phase” fault as default type.DMS将以”两相故障”作为缺省的故障类型.具体

19、的故障管理运行方式见附件二（DMS 紧急事件管理功能描述）。 The detailed operation of fault management is described in Attachment 2 (DMS Incident Management).2. Load Switch with current sensors (CT)电流型配网开关自动化技术方案For feeder lines with Load switches with current sensors (current transformers and fault detectors), there is no loca

20、l automation control system, and it is required to have SCADA system to locate the fault after fault occurred, and provide solution to isolate the fault and solution to restore the power.对于由电流传感器组成的电力馈线（电流传感器和故障检测信号），其不具备当地自动控制功能，需要由SCADA系统进行故障定位，并提供故障隔离和恢复供电方案。The real-time data which SCADA system

21、can collect are:1. Switch status2. Fault indicator status,3. Current measurement对于该类型开关，SCADA系统可以采集到以下实时信息：1 各开关的状态；2 故障指示器信息；3 线路电流值。21 Requirements要求It is required to automatically locate fault and show up the fault location including alarms; Also it is required to provide power restore solution.能

22、够在故障发生后，自动进行故障定位，并显示故障的位置，以及产生有关的告警信息，也能够提供恢复供电的方案。Station 1Station 2ABSection switchesTie switches123456789101112Branch switchesSection switchesTie switches123456789101112Branch switchesBus-barPower LinePower LineLoop Network Cabnite Note: 1. In Guiyang city, Jinyang (county level) Power Supply Com

23、pany is using this type of feeder. 2. In each load switch, DTU is equipped and send switch status and current data to Scada;3. This type of DTU has battery to keep RTU in normal operation in case power losses.4. Green switches are “Branch switches”, and yellow switches are “Tie Switches” which is li

24、nking feeder line A and B; Switch 1 and 12 are “Section Switches”;5. Blues switch is output switch of substation which is inside of substation (SCADA is allowed to control them, because they are belong to EMS system).注意：1在贵阳供电局范围内，金阳分局的馈线使用电流型的自动控制功能；2在每个负荷开关上，都装有DTU装置，向SCADA系统传送开关位置和线路的电流实时值；3DTU带有

25、工作电池，能在失电时保证设备的正常工作；4以上绿色开关为线路分段开关，黄色开关为联络开关连接着A和B两条馈线；5兰色开关为变电站站内的出线开关（SCADA系统将是不允许对它进行操作的，它是由EMS系统控制）；2.2 Modelling in DMSDMS中的模型DMD in Real-time mode DMD在实时模式下In case of fault, SCADA system will detect opening of the breaker, issue alarm and open Outage record in DMS. 在有故障的情况下，SCADA系统将监测开关的打开状态，产

26、生告警，并且在DMS系统中打开失电的记录。Dispatcher will activate DMS function “Incident Management”, described in attachment.In the first mode “Fault Location”, SCADA system will transfer statuses of all fault detectors and DMS will be able to locate the fault with “Fault Location” function. 此时，调度人员可以启动“紧急事件管理”功能，进入“故

27、障定位”模式，SCADA系统将对所有的故障检测信息传递给DMS系统，由DMS系统进行解析，并且由“故障定位”功能进行故障定位。位于“跳闸”和“无跳闸”之间的线路段将被显示出“故障”标志，以标明故障的位置。After that, Dispatcher will generate Switching Sequence for isolation of faulted section using mode “Element isolation” and DMS will generate Switching Sequence. 之后，调度人员可以使用“故障隔离”模式，系统将产生故障隔离的操作顺序。D

28、ispatcher can execute Switching Sequence remotely by SCADA system.调度人员则可以在SCADA系统上按照该操作顺序进行遥控执行。After isolation of faulted section, Dispatcher will activate mode “Supply Restoration” and select the best variant to restore supply and DMS will automatically generate the Switching Sequence. Dispatcher

29、can execute Switching Sequence remotely by SCADA system with remotely controlled switches or manually for non-remotely controlled switches.在完成了对故障线路的隔离之后，调度人员可以启动“供电恢复”模式，并从多个方案中选取一个最佳方案来进行恢复供电。DMS系统将自动生成开关切换顺序，调度人员可以利用SCADA系统按照该顺序，来遥控执行这个开关切换，也可以由现场人员手动完成。Outage data will be stored in Outage record

30、 and used later for outage reporting.有关失电信息将被保存在失电记录中，以备将来使用。Since there is no local automation, there is no difference between “section” and “link” (tie) switch, and there is no need to send any setpoint command to switches. This kind of switches has no setpoints, because all commands are issued by

31、 DMS and SCADA system.This is existing functionality in GP DMS system.由于没有当地自动控制功能，所以在“分段开关”和“联络开关”的定义上没有区别，而且也不需要通过遥调命令来改变开关类型的转换。因为对于这种类型的开关，所有的控制命令都是由SCADA系统下发的。DMS in Simulation mode在仿真模式下的DMD：In the Simulation mode, DMD user will use advanced function “Fault Management”. User can set a fault pl

32、ace, function will simulate triggering of fault detedctors, and function mode “Fault Location” will estimate the fault place. After that, user can continue with Fault Localization mode and Supply Restoration mode.在模拟模式下，DMD的用户可以利用先进的“故障管理”功能，来设置一个故障位置，“故障管理”功能将能模拟出故障检测装置的故障跳闸信息，并找出故障位置，最后还可以模拟进行故障恢复

33、。This function is used for training purposes and “what-if” analysis.这个功能可以用于调度人员的培训工作，进行“如果发生-该怎么办 ”的分析。This is existing functionality in GP DMS system.这个功能在现在的贵阳供电局DMS系统已经有的。Attachment 1VSP5自动配电开关的主要特性1. VSP5开关的组成部分1. VSP5 switchs componentVSP5开关由同杆安装的真空开关(PVS)、电源变压器(SPS)、故障检测装置(FDR)和站内的故障指示器设备(FSI

34、)共同组成。VSP5 insists of several equipments which is setup in the same pole. Theyre Vacuum switch (PVC), Supply transformer (SPS), Fault detector (FDR) and Fault indicator inside the substation (FSI).2. VSP5开关的主要特点2. VPS5s features(1)卓越的开断性能：采用真空灭弧，SF6气体绝缘，适于开断重负荷电流，并且，开关内有与真空灭弧室相串联的隔离断口，开关灭弧性能和耐电性能优越。

35、 1) Excellent performance on interrupt: To use vacuum arc extinguishing and SF6 Gas isolation. It is suitable for interrupting Heavy load current. Also, there is an isolation clearance connected to the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber inside the switch. Its arc extinguishing and resistance voltage t

36、o power supply performs well.(2)高安全性：灭弧和绝缘介质均为无油介质，没有火灾或爆炸的危险，运行十分安全。2) High security: Medium of arc extinguishing and isolation is none-oiled. So it is safety and avoids blaze and explosion danger. (3)免维护使用：开关的高压部分、低压控制回路和操作机构均密封在以SF6气体为绝缘介质的箱体内，不受外部环境的影响，开关主回路采用电缆引出，使带电部分不外露，避免了污秽，减少了维护工作量。 3) No

37、use(4)设计较精美：由于采用零表压SF6气体内绝缘，使开关体积精巧紧凑，同时又尽可能地避免了漏气隐患。带有悬挂式安装金具和电缆引线，杆上安装较为方便。具有手动/自动操作，使开关操作灵活。具有当地功能，并预留三遥接口。 4) No use(5)在配电自动化通信和主站系统完善后，可实现三遥功能。在调度中心判断故障之所在位置或遥控处理调度运行方式。5) If we have completed DAS system, We can achieve remote and get analog and status values from the switch. Control center can

38、 know where is the fault or do some dispatching on it.3. VSP5开关的主要功能3. VPS5s function.该系统柱上自动化装置属“电压型”设备，保护自动化装置巧妙利用各段时间差达到检测故障功能，动作时间整定和调试简单方便，动作可靠性高。线路逐段恢复送电，可减少合闸涌流。任一段永久故障，站内第一次重合闸即可识别永久故障并隔离故障，指示出故障区段；第二次重合只是恢复送电的操作过程，无需多次重合。每一套设备都具备两种运行模式(联络用或分段用)，联络型或分段型可根据实际运行需要随时转换。主要可实现以下功能：This kind of po

39、le-mounted automation system is Voltage type equipment. It protects automation equipment cleverly detect fault by time difference in ever section. The settings and adjusting of time and action can be easily achieved with high reliability. Feeder can be sectional restored step by b step and reduce th

40、e inrush generated by closing the breaker. Permanent fault which is from either of the sections can be recognized and isolated when the first time the breaker inside substation is reclosed and give out the fault section. The second time the breaker inside the substation reclosed is just a procedure

41、to re-energize and no more operation. Ever of this equipment have two modes (connection or section). The mode can be changed whenever you want.(1)利用时间检测和开关顺序动作来判断故障区段，实现故障区段自动检测。1) To judgment fault section by time and switch sequence. Detect it automatically.(2)开关延时重合，故障区段则分闸闭锁，自动隔离故障。2) The switch

42、es are close by time delay. The fault section can be locked and isolated automatically.(3)可在故障隔离后，自动恢复非故障区段的供电，实现电源的自动转供(配电网络的自动重组)。3) After isolation of fault, it can restore fault section.(4)通过变电所装设的FSI记录开关动作顺序和恢复送电的时间，快速查出故障区段，故障查找时间大为减少。4) Throw FSI inside substation which is record the switchin

43、g sequence and delay time, can largely reduce the time to find out the fault and quickly re-supply.4. 工作原理4 Principle1. Normal state. This is a part of network. NC people call it hand by hand circle. It consists of tow feeders and connects two substations. If there is any fault happens on it, it can

44、 be restored by either of them.The B1/B2: breaker under relay protection inside substation (Closed).V1 V6: VSP5 switch working in section mode (Closed).VC: VSP5 switch working in connection mode (Opened). Its a normal open point. Its time delay is 45s.S1S8: section of the feeder divided by VSP5.2. F

45、irst time B1 opened. When there is permanent fault happens in S3. B1 will react and open. Also V1, V2 and V3 will be opened by lose voltage. For VC, FSI will start count delay time (NC sets 45s) when its FDR detect de-energize from left side.3. First time B1 Reclosed.After 2s (set by relay protectio

46、n), B1 will be reclosed and restore S1. V1 will detect change of voltage by FDR and FSI will start to count 5s (this is section mode time setting).4. V1 closedAfter 5s, V1 automatically close and restore S2. In the same time, FSI start to count 5s for V2.5. V2 closedAfter 5s, V2 automatically close

47、and restore S3. FSI start to count 5s for V3.6. Second time B1 open.Because of the fault in S3, B1 will open again. And V2 will be locked by voltage loss. V3 will be also locked when FDR detect fault voltage. FSI inside the substation now can confirm the fault is in S3.7. Second time B1 ReclosedAfte

48、r 5s B1 will try to reclose again. And then count 5s to close V1. This time V2 and V3 will not be closed because they have locked in previous step. So S1 and S2 are restored. S3 is isolated.8. Restore S4.The VC is counting 45s (in the 1st step). If there no fault voltage was detected on the left sid

49、e, it will close when time is over. So , S4 can be restored.Attachment 2DMS Incident ManagementDMS 紧急事件管理功能描述DMS Incident Management (IM) manages activities of Operator and filed crews in managing of incidents (unplanned) switching. SPM is described in details in other Telvent DMS documents, in furt

50、her text it will be presented only in general.DMS的紧急事件管理功能（IM）主要是用于对配调人员的操作以及现场维护人员的非计划内的操作进行管理，详细的功能已经在DMS的说明文件中有过描述，这里是简单描述其主要的特点。In case of fault, OR will be created and listed in Outage Browser (Figure 3). OR will be automatically filled up with all available data about the fault (ID of tripped

51、breaker, fault currents if available, time/date, cause of faults, etc.), as presented on the Figure 4. 在有故障发生时，失电记录将自动生产并可以通过“失电记录浏揽”（图3）进行察看，这个记录描述了关于该故障的有关信息（跳闸的开关号、故障电流、故障发生时间/日故障原因，等等），如图4所描述。The IM procedure consists of 5 steps (Figure 4):· Fault Location (estimation of the fault location)

52、,· Fault Localisation (testing of fault place in case fault location is not successful),· Element Isolation (disconnection of fault place and preparation for repair),· Supply Restoration (re-supply customers on healthy part of the feeder),· Return to normal State (return network

53、to normal state after repair finished).紧急事件管理功能包括五个主要的步骤（如图4）:故障定位（故障位置的估算）；故障定位测试（对故障位置进行测试确认）；故障隔离（对故障区域进行隔离以便检修）；供电恢复（对非故障区域进行恢复供电）；还原（故障修复后，对电网回复到故障前状态）。Figure 3 IM: creation of OR, listed in Outage browser图3 在故障记录浏揽器中生产记录Figure 4 IM: Outage Record图4失电记录Fault Location module will point the locat

54、ion with the highest probability of the fault, based on available information from the network (status of fault detectors, fault current measurement, etc.), as presented on Figure 5.依据所有可能的电网信息（故障指示器信号、故障电流等），故障定位功能将根据分析计算，以故障发生概率最高的区段指示出故障的位置Figure 5 IM: Fault Location图5 故障位置In case the fault locat

55、ion is successful and field crew confirm the presence of fault, Element Isolation module will automatically create Switching Sequence Order for isolation of the fault place (Figure 6).当故障定位成功，而且现场检修人员也确认故障的发生地，DMS系统将会自动生成对故障区域的隔离操作顺序（图6）.Figure 6 IM: Isolation of the fault place图6 故障隔离In the next step, Supply Restoration module will be used to investigate all possible re-supply variants for consumers on “healthy” part