【二轮复习】——专题限时集训7阅读理解—推理判断之文章出处、读者对

1、专题限时集训（七）阅读理解推理判断之文章出处、读者对象A （2019兰州市诊断考试）A new chapter opened in mankind's exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probe航天探测器）to land on the moon's far side reached its destination after a 26-day journey. The Chang e 4 lunar probe, representing China's latest step in lu

2、nar investigation, landed at 10: 26 am at the Von K tJm dn crater and then sent back three photos of the landing site shot by camerason the probe's lander（着陆 器），marking the world's first images taken on the surface of the far side.One of the photos, published by the China National Space Admi

3、nistration , shows the place where Change 4's rover, which was named Yutu 2 on Thursday night, will be heading to explore and survey. Thus began the first long journey to the side of the moon that faces away from the Earth.It is meant to fulfill scientists ' long-held desire to closely obser

4、ve the lesser known region.Tidal（潮汐的）forces on Earth slow the moon's rotation to the point that the same side always faces Earth.The other side, most of which is never visible from Earth , is the far side of the moon.While it_has been photographed by spacecraft, starting with a Soviet probe in 1

5、959, no probe had ever made a soft landing there so scientists had not been able to conduct surface level observations and surveys of the region.Wu Weiren, chief designer of China s lunar program, said in Beijing on Thursday that the landing “was perfect”. He called the event "an important mile

6、stone for China's space exploration”, adding that it has made a good start for future lunar exploration efforts.iWith its investigation of the far side , particularly the Von K dm dn crater, the Chang e 4 mission will enable scientists to find out what they haven't known about the moon and d

7、eepen their knowledge of its early history and of the solar system.【语篇解读】嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆，这标志着中国探月工程的巨大进步，同时也为人类了解月球的背面提供了信息。1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A . The basic data of the Change 4 lunar probe.B . The Chang e 4's world-first landing on the moon's far side.C. The Chang e

8、4's 26-day visit to the far side of the moon.D. The description of the photos taken on the surface of the moons far side.B 考查主旨大意。根据第一段第一句 «A new chapter opened in mankind's exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probed亢天探测器）to land on the moorl s far side reached its

9、destination after a 26-day journey”可知，本段主要介绍了嫦娥四号实现了人类首 次在月球背面着陆。故选B。2. What does the underlined word “it ” in the third paragraph refer to?A. The lander.B. The rover.C. The far side of the moon.D. The Chang e 4 lunar probe.C 考查词义猜测。根据第三段的第二句 "The other side, most of which is never visible from

10、 Earth, is the far side of the mooH' 以及画 线词所在句中的 While it has been photographed by spacecraW知，it 在这里指代 the far side of the mooK',故选 C。3. What can we infer from this text?A . It is only on the moon that people can explore the deep space.B . The scientific information obtained by Chang1 e 4 wi

11、ll be new to the world.C. It is the first time for people to see the pictures of the far side of the moon.D. Chinese space technology is more advanced than that of any other country's.B 考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句中的marking theworld' s first images taken on the surface of the far sidW知, 嫦娥四号 月球探测器发回的照片是

12、世界上首次在月球背面拍摄照片 ，由此可推 知，B项正确。4. In which section of a website can we probably read this text?A. Tourism.B. Health Care.C. Science and Technology.D. Art and Entertainment.C 考查文章出处。本文为新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥四号探测器首 次在月球背面着陆，这标志着中国探月工程的巨大进步，由此可推知， 本文可能出自一个网站的科技版面。故选 C。B （2019成都市诊断性检测）Young trees don't just grow ;

13、 they develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it. They also help each other out whenever theres trouble.Personality, just as among people, varies among trees. Some are anxious, some bold. On the author's land, there are three oak trees grow

14、ing close together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature, the same soil and the same length of day, such variables can t be the explanation. So whdts happening? Well, this tree is simply more careful t

15、han the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis优合彳用）and store more nutrients. However, the longer a tree keeps its leavqsthe higher the risk of injury.Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes. A tree for example, keeping its l

16、eaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again.This leads to several other conclusions： trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere.Obviously trees don t have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of th

17、eir roots they keep track of information and experiences.But trees aren't only clever when it comes to caring for themselves.They also support each other whenever there's trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients. For example, one time the a

18、uthor found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. How was this possible ? Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!Why do tree

19、s do such a thing It's simple： it's better together.Trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了树的智慧。5. Why does the author mention the three oak trees?A . To illustrate trees can learn from experiences.B

20、. To show trees can make independent decisions.C. To explain trees are quite supportive to each other.D. To prove trees have the same personalities as humans.B 考查推理判断。根据第二段第四句可知，三棵橡树中，有一 棵总比其他两棵先落叶；结合第三段第一句可知，树木能自己做决定； 据此可推知，作者提及三棵橡树旨在说明树木可以自己做决定，故B项正确。6. According to the text, which of the followin

21、g best describes general features of trees?A . Anxious and bold.B . Smart and adventurous.C. Helpful and well - behaved.D. Adaptable and supportive.D 考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句，并结合第三段内容可知， 树木不仅能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训；据此可推知， 树木适应能力强；根据第四段第一、二句可知，树木不仅善于照顾自 己，当遇到困难时，它们会发出警告，相互支持，甚至照顾生病、虚 弱的同类；据此可推知，树木之间互帮互助，故D项正确。7.

22、 What does the underlined phrase “do such a thing " mean?A. Give warnings.B. Offer assistance.C. Depend on others.D. Provide nutrients.B 考查词义猜测。根据第四段尾句可知，树桩是由它的邻居从根处给予营养来滋养的；结合第五段第一句Why do trees do such athing ?和第五段的内容可知,该处表示“为什么树木要互相帮 助？”，故画线短语是指提供帮助，故B项正确。8. Where does this text most probably

23、 come from?A . A public lecture.B . A science book.C. An experiment report.D. A travel journal.B 考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介 绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相 帮助；研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教 训；据此可推知，本文最可能选自科学书籍，故B项正确。C （2019昆明市诊断测试）Who' re happier, men or women ? Research shows it s a complex questio

24、n and that asking whether males or females are happier fshreally that helpful, because basically happiness is different for women and men.Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience de

25、pression compared with men. Gender（性别） differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings.Women are

26、more likely to express happiness warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger pride and disrespect which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.Recent research suggests that t

27、hese differences are not just socia 11y but also genetically related.Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons（镜像神经元）than males when they process feelings.Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from othe

28、r people ' s view, to understand their actions and intentions.This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness.Womentend to experience more negative feelings , such as more guilt , shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they p

29、rocess and express feelings.With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others.Studieshave found in particular that women express more appreciation which has been linked to greater happiness.Thissupports the theory that women's happinessis more dependenton relationships than men s.【语篇解读