高中生物 第7章 第2节 现代生物进化理论的主要内容课件 新人教版必修2 (46)

1、选修选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 重点单词重点单词1._n.专利证书；专利发明2. _vi.& vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别_adj.卓越的；杰出的_adj.易分辨的3. _n.立方体；立方_adj.立方的4. _ adj.突然的；意外的_adv.突然地；唐突地5. _adj.方便的；便利的；就近的_n.方便；便利；有益6. _n.小心，谨慎7. _ n.预料；期待；期望_v.期待；预期8. _adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的patentdistinguishdistinguisheddistinguishablecubecubicab

2、ruptabruptlyconvenientconveniencecautionexpectation expectpassive学生用书见P196 重点单词重点单词9. _vt.放走10._vt.抓住；提住；夺11. _n.（评判的）标准；尺度_（复数）12._vt.声称 n. 主张13. _adj.有效的；确凿的14. _n.文件；档案；文件夹vt.把归档；提交15. _adj.熟的；成熟的16. _n.线，绳子17. _n.胶水18. _adj.冰冻的；严寒的releaseseizecriterioncriteriaclaimvalidfileripestringgluefreezing

3、 重点单词重点单词14. _vt.忍受；忍耐；负担_（近义词）15._adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的16. _vt.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n.轻轻地敲击（声）；（水）龙头17. _n.(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的18. _adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的19. _vt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴_n.联系；协会20. _adj.实际的；实践的；实用的_v.练习；实践n.练习；实践bearStand，enduredynamictapcurrentstableassociateassociationpracticalpractice 重点短语重点短语1._给打电话2. _偶尔

4、；有时3. _开始；着手_着手做；动身4. _被踩出的路；常规；惯例5. _迅速把手伸入；一心投入6. _ 的确；事实上7. _不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等8. _次序颠倒；发生故障9. _设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；（设法）做完10. _回复电话_挂断电话call upnow and thenset aboutset out (to do)beaten trackdive intoin truth hang onout of orderget throughring backring off1.before 作为从属连词，在句中连接时间状语The next morning I got up ear

5、ly before the sun was hot. （教材P20）2.“only+状语从句”引起的倒装Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.（教材P21） 重点句型重点句型3.so.that.如此以至于The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. （教材P21）4.every time意为“每次”，引导时间

6、状语从句Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.（教材P25） 重点句型重点句型复习过去分词（用作定语、表语和宾语补足语）I carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish.(教材P21)He seemed embarrassed by the failure of his patent. (教材P24)Catherine wants her paintings displayed in the ga

7、llery. (教材P24)语法要点语法要点distinguish vi.& vt.辨别；显示的差别；使有所不同Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. (教材P20)这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种东西，既可以把蛇抓到又不会伤害到它们。1学生用书见P197 distinguish A from B 把A与B加以分开；使A有别于B distinguish between A an

8、d B 辨别A和B distinguish oneself (in/by/as) .（在方面/ 以/作为）表现突出，使自己名扬 distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的 be distinguished for.=be famous/(well)known for 因而出名(3) distinguishable adj.易分辨的，能区分的(1)(2) The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。You should learn to

9、distinguish between right and wrong.你应学会明辨是非。He distinguished himself by his bravery.他以勇敢著称。He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.他在经济学知识方面出类拔萃。I admire your distinguished achievements.真羡慕你卓越的成就。Tom is hardly distinguishable from his twin brother.汤姆跟他的孪生哥哥（弟弟）几乎令人分辨不出。convenient adj.便利的

10、；方便的；就近的They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. （教材P20）他们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。2 It is convenient for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说 是方便的 sth.be convenient to/for sb.对某人来说很便利/ 离很近 convenience n.方便，便利；适宜；省事 at ones convenience在方便的时候，在适宜的地方 for convenience为了方便 (3) conveniently adv.便利地；合宜地(1)

11、(2) Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow？你明天开始工作方便吗？ Would it be convenient to make up your room now, sir?现在来收拾您的房间方便吗,先生？ Please call me back at your convenience.请你方便的时候回个电话给我。 I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience.为了图方便，我把参考书放在书桌前。bear(bore；borne/born) vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；

12、生育I cannot bear the smell of sausage on the barbecue. (教材P24)我忍受不了架子上烤香肠的味道。3 put up with sth.容忍某事 stand doing sth.忍受做某事 bear/endure/tolerate to do sth./doing sth.忍受做某事 bear sb./sb.s doing sth.忍受某人做某事 bear with sb./sth.耐心对待；容忍/忍耐 bear sth.in mind记住(1)(2) She has borne three children.她生了三个孩子。 Why do

13、I have to bear all the costs of repair?为什么要我负担所有的维修费用？ I cant bear people smoking while hes eating.我无法忍受人们吃饭时吸烟。 He cant bear being laughed at in public.He cant bear to be laughed at in public.他无法忍受在公共场合遭人嘲笑。 We have to bear with his bad temper because he is a bit frustrated these days. 我们不得不容忍他的坏脾气

14、，因为这些日子他有点灰心丧气。 You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。温馨提示：borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用于被动式。表示“生育”时用borne。associate vi.联想；联系Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone， he was indeed a c

15、ontinuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life. （教材P26）虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们日常生活质量的实用方法。4 associate sb./sth.with sb./sth. 把和联系在一起；由联想到 associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交道 association n.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with.与合伙/合作 associated adj.有

16、关联的，相关的 be associated with.和有关(1) (2) （3） You must bear it in mind that you should never associate with bad companions.你必须要牢记千万别和坏人交往。 We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.我们联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。 My association with him goes back to our days in high schoo

17、l.我和他的交往可以追溯至高中时代。 In the childrens minds summer is associated with picnics.在孩子的意识里，夏天是和野餐联系在一起的。 call up 给打电话；使回忆起When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. （教材P20）我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。1学生用书见P198 call at 拜访（某个地点） call in 回收; 召集；召来 call off 取消，停止 call on/upo

18、n 拜访（某人）；号召 call for 需求，需要；去接（某人） call out 大声喊叫；召集与打电话有关的词语： ring/call back 回复电话 ring off 挂断电话 ring up=call up 给打电话 give sb. a ring/call 给某人打电话 sb.be wanted on the phone 有某人的电话 answer the phone 接电话 hang/hold on 不挂断电话(1) (2) The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.这笑声使他回忆起童年时代

19、的情景。 I tried to call you up last night， but no one answered the phone.我昨晚曾打电话给你，但没人接。 The game was called off because of the bad weather.比赛因天气恶劣被取消。 The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day.教育部呼吁学生每天锻炼一个小时。 She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home.

20、她希望你回家后尽快给她回电话。set about 开始；着手做(about是介词，其后常接名词或动名词)I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. （教材P20）我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。2set out 表示“开始，着手”时后接不定式；还表示“出发，动身”set off 表示“启程，开始”，多指开始踏上征程，常常和on，for等搭配；还可表示“使爆发”set aside 将放到一边；为节省或保留（钱或时间）；暂时不考虑set up 搭建，建立；使恢

21、复set down 放下；写下，记下set free 释放；解放 They set about working/set out to work the moment he got home.我一到家他们就开始工作。 She is going to set out for France at five oclock in the morning.她准备早上五点钟出发去法国。 If you want to catch that train， youd better set off for the station immediately.你要是想赶上那班火车，你最好马上动身去火车站。 I hope

22、I will set up my own business someday.我希望有一天我能建立自己的事业。get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过I cant get through. （教材P26）我打不通电话。3go through 检查；经历pass through 从中穿过；走过中look through 浏览；仔细查看see through 看穿；识破live through 活过（一段时间）；经过后仍然活着break through 突破（障碍） It took us only a few minutes to get through the Cus

23、toms.我们只花了几分钟时间就通过海关检查。 I couldnt get through to her because her phone was busy all day.她的电话整天占线，因而我没能联系上她。 Many homeless people get into the habit of begging to get money to stay alive.许多无家可归的人开始养成乞讨谋生的习惯。 He has great difficulty in getting along well with his classmates.他与同学很难相处好。before 作为从属连词，在句中

24、连接时间状语The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. （教材P20）第二天早上，天还不是很热，我就早早地起来了。学生用书见P199before作连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种，具体可译为：在之前；(之后)才；(不多久)就；以免；还没来得及就；有时before相当于rather than，可理解为“(宁愿)也不愿”。 We lived in Paris before moving to London.我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。 He was told that it would be at least th

25、ree more months before he could recover and return to work. 他被告知至少三个月之后他才能康复回去工作。 He rushed out of the room before I could say a word.我还没来得及说一个字他就冲出了房间。 Im sorry youve been waiting so long， but itll still be some time before Brian gets back.我很抱歉你已经等了这么长时间，但是还要再过一段时间布朗才能回来。 She was such a proud perso

26、n that she would die before she would admit she was wrong.她是一位那么自负的人，她宁愿死也不承认错误。.品句填词品句填词（用所给词的恰当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词）1.While you can learn a lot on your own diving an unknown area, your education can be greatly accelerated when you have an experienced person to lead you. 【答案】1.into2.He claimed that the f

27、und (raise) in the sale will be used to rebuild the poor mountain village of ethnic minorities in Yunnan province. 【答案】2.raised3.Mom drove (caution) through the snow and the children wondered what she was going to show them. 【答案】3.cautiously4.She argues that the sooner we set about (collect) informa

28、tion, the more active well be. 【答案】collecting学生用书见P1995.I believe Im competent in this job, and have wonderful performance beyond your (expect). 【答案】 5.expectation6.The groups you associate often determine the type of person you becomehealthy or unhealthy. 【答案】 6.with7.Walking through the sweet litt

29、le fishing town, charmingly _ (dot) with bright red and blue peaked-roof cottages, I had to keep reminding myself that Id traveled nearly to the worlds roof. 【答案】7.dotted8.We sit for long hours in front of a computer, (glue) to our chairs or stuck to our phones. 【答案】 8.glued9.It requires discipline

30、and effort to simply sit and listen _(passive) to someone speak for any length of time. 【答案】 9.passively10.This weeks forest fire which creeps south Europe so far _ (claim) 8 lives. And Spain suffers the most serious one.【答案】 10.has claimed.单句改错单句改错1. A young man needs to save up and work hard. Only

31、 by this means can they gather big fortune in a quicker way.【答案】they he2.The moment she came back from work, she set about to clean the kitchen thoroughly.【答案】aboutout或 to cleancleaning3.Many people associate dark clouds to depression and gloom.【答案】towith4.The girls face called for the image of his

32、dead wife in his mind.【答案】forup5.You must bear it in mind your parents hope that you can become a good doctor.【答案】your前加that6.The earthquake has destroyed most houses in the village. How are they going to get across the winter?【答案】acrossthrough7.Alexander tried to get his work to recognize in the medical c