动词概述及专项练习

1、动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一：1记住常用动词的变化形式；2正确使用常见的动词短语；3根据句意或上下文正确使用动词的适当形式；4正确使用常见的系动词、助动词和情态动词。大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1第三人称单数形式的构成。(1)一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。(2)不规则变化的有havehas等。2现在分词的构成。3.过去式和过去分词的构成。 (1)规则变化：(2)不规则变化需单独记忆。【热点考向一】 实义动词词义辨析实义动词，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词

2、和不及物动词。1及物动词。及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子语意完整。如love，need，want等。及物动词主要用于三种句型中：(1)动词宾语。如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)(2)动词宾语宾补。如：I made my parents happy by doing housework.我通过做家务使我父母开心。(3)动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：Tom lent me his bike just now.汤姆刚刚把他的自行车借给我了。如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天

3、买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)2不及物动词。(1)不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不须接宾语。如：He always studies hard.他一直学习很努力。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)(2)若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。(3)有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing 是及物动词)例1：It will _(花费) only about 50 minu

4、tes to travel to Mount Wuyi by highspeed railway.Wow，how exciting! I can't wait.(2015，衢州)解析：“Ittakes时间to do”意为“做某事花费多长时间”。例2：The Apple Watch is very beautiful，but it's too expensive.So I can't _(买得起) it.(2015，武威)解析：afford意为“买得起，付得起”。【热点考向二】 系动词和助动词的用法1系动词。本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语

5、状态的系动词只有be动词(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。2助动词。本身无意义，或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，do，does，did，will和shall等。例3：Your mother _(看起来) younger th

6、an she is.Thank you for saying so.(2015，重庆B卷)解析：“look”作系动词，意为“看起来”。例4：The running water makes the stones _(摸起来) very smooth.(2015，安徽)解析：“feel”作系动词，意为“摸起来”。【热点考向三】 情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1can(could)(1)表能力，could表过去的能力。can与be able to 的基本意义相同，但can只有一般现在时和一般过

7、去时，而be able to 能用于各种时态。(2)表可能性。(3)表许可，口语中可代替may。(4)can't 表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。(5)could在口语中常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表达看法。此时could不表示过去时。2may(might)(1)用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”，口语性较强。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。(2)表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。3must(1)表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须；应该”，无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn'

8、t 或don't have to，意为“不必”。注意：have to 意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。must 本身的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。(2)表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句，且比may 的语气要肯定得多。4would作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。5should(1)表义务，意为“应该”(某件事应该做)，用于各种人称。(2)表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。例5：Harry's been driving

9、all day，he _be tired.(2015，杭州)解析：表示肯定的推测，用“must”，意为“想必；一定”。例6：Is that man Mr.Smith?It _be him.He has gone to New York on business.(2015，天津)解析：表示有把握的否定推测，用“can't”。【热点考向四】 动词短语动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定词组。其意义与原来动词不同。1动词短语的分类：(1)动词介词。如：arrive in(at) 到达，ask for 要求，begin with 以开始，be from 来自，come from 来自

10、，get to 到达，laugh at 嘲笑，look for 寻找，send for 派人去请，wait for 等待等。(2)及物动词副词。如：find out 发现，give up 放弃，look up 抬头看；在查找，put on 穿上，pick up 捡起，ring up 打电话，take off(飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服)，take away 拿走，turn on 打开，turn off 关掉，think over 仔细考虑等。(3)不及物动词副词。如：get up 起床，go on 继续，grow up 成长，set off 出发，stand up 站起来，take off(飞机)

11、起飞；脱掉(衣服)等。(4)动词副词介词。如：get on(along) with 与相处，catch up with 赶上，come up with 提出，go on with 继续，look forward to 盼望等。(5)动词名词介词。如：take part in 参加，make friends with 与交朋友，take care of 照顾等。(6)be形容词介词。如：be good at 擅长于，be interested in 对感兴趣，be good for 对有好处，be worried about 担心等。2常用动词短语归纳。(1)look短语：look for 寻找

12、，look after 照顾，look over 查看，look forward to 渴望；向往，look at 看着，look up 抬头看；在查找，look into 调查，look out 当心，look out of 从往外看，look like 看起来像，look the same 看起来一样，look through 透过看；浏览等。(2)put短语：put off 推迟，put on 穿上；上演，put away 把暂时收起来，put out 扑灭，put down 写下，put back 放回，put up 举起；建造；张贴等。(3)turn短语：turn on 打开，tur

13、n off 关掉，turn up 把音量开大一点，turn down 把音量开小一点，turn to 朝向，turn into 变成；turn over 翻开；翻转，o.把变成等。(4)get短语：get on/along(well) with 与某人相处(融洽)，get up 起床，get on 上车(船、飞机、马)，get off 下车(船、飞机、马)，get back 回去，get back to 回到，get away 离开；逃脱，get down 下来，get home 到家，get into 进入；陷入，get out(of)(从)出去，get to 到达，get

14、together 聚会等。(5)take短语：take off(飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服)，take in 吸收；上当，take away 拿走，take out 取出，take on 雇佣；呈现，take down 取下，take up 占据时间、空间；开始从事；拿起等。(6)agree短语：agree with sb.同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)，agree to 同意(计划、办法)，agree to do sth.同意做某事等。(7)go短语：go over 温习；复习，go swimming/ skating/ shopping/ dancing/ fishing /huntin

15、g /camping 去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营，go into 走进，go out 出去；熄灭，go away 走开，go back 回去；回顾，go up 上升；攀登，go by 时间流逝；从旁经过，go down 下降；下沉，go for 为而去，go on 继续，go through 经历，go to school 去上学，go home 回家，go to the doctor 去看医生等。 (8)come短语：come along 一起来，come in 进来，come into 进入，come out 出来；出版，come down 下来，come from 来自，

16、come back 回来，come across 偶然遇到，come over 过来，come home 回家，come into use 开始使用，come on快；得啦；跟着来；加油等。(9)give短语：give up 放弃，give off 放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)，give out 精疲力竭；累倒；耗尽；用完，give away 泄露；赠送，give in 屈服；让步；投降等。(10)make短语：make a decision 做出决定，make sb.do sth.让某人做某事，make a mistake 犯错误，make progress 取得进步，mak

17、e friends with 与交朋友，make up 编造；虚构；打扮；构成；组成，make a face 做鬼脸等。(11)be短语：be friendly/kind to 对友好，be different from 与不同，be afraid of 害怕，be popular with 受欢迎，be interested in 对感兴趣，be strict with 对某人严格，be strict in 对某事严格，be famous/known as 作为有名，be famous/known for 因著名，be surprised at 对惊讶，be pleased with 对满意

18、，be proud of 对感到自豪，be polite/impolite to 对某人有礼貌/不礼貌，be thankful/grateful to 对某人感激，be good for 对有好处，be good at 擅长于，be made up of 由构成，be angry with 对某人生气，be busy with 忙于，be full of/filled with 装满，be late for 迟到，be covered with 覆盖着等。(12)call短语：call at 拜访(后接地点)，call on 拜访(后接被拜访的对象)；号召，call back 回电话，call

19、 up 打电话；使回忆起，call for 叫某人同往某处等。例7：Tom，it's cold outside._(穿上) your coat when you go out. OK，Mom.(2015，克拉玛依)解析：“穿上”用动词短语“put on”表示。例8：The boy has a good habit to _(收好) all the things in right places.(2015，呼和浩特)解析：“收起来放好”用动词短语“put away”表示。一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1Do you know the person _(run )after the bus?

20、2Messi never gives up even if he _(fail )or meets difficulties.3You are not allowed to _(smoke) in this room.4The classroom was _(clean) by Li Ming yesterday.5I _(buy) some books last week.6He _(can) swim and skate well when he was only 7 years old.7The trousers are too long.They must _(be) Lily'

21、;s because she's the tallest among us.8The girl in a white hat over there _(look) quite pretty.9Mrs. Wu was doing the dishes while her husband was _(repair) his bike.10I had _(finish) my homework before I watched TV.二、根据中文提示填写单词。11Mum，what are you cooking？It _(闻起来) so sweet.12Must we stay at hom

22、e all day? No，you _(不必)You may go out for a walk.13This Tshirt _(摸起来) soft and comfortable.14I like the suit，but the jacket doesn't _(合身) me.15_(能) I come in?Sure.Come in，please!16Fresh vegetables are _(提供) to school every day.17We should often _(交流) with our parents and understand them. 18It wa

23、s _(下雨) heavily when we arrived at the airport. 19To my surprise，he already _(收到)the letters from his mother. 20Can you _(想象)what your life will be like in 10 years?三、阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(每空不多于3个单词)。The home of tea，which has more than 5，000 years of history，is Chin

24、a.People throughout China drink tea daily.Of the three major drinks tea，coffee and cocoatea is 21._(drink) by the largest number of people in the world.Tea from China，along with silk and porcelain(瓷器)，began to be 22._(know) by the world over a thousand year ago and has been an important Chinese expo

25、rt since then.The word of tea in different 23._(language) came from the Chinese character，“cha”The English word，“tea”，sounds similar to the pronunciation of it in Xiamen，Fujian Province.The Russians call it“cha'i”，which sounds 24._“chaye”(tea leaves) as it is pronounced 25._ _northern China.The

26、Japanese character for tea is written exactly the same as it is in Chinese，though it is pronounced a little difficultly. Tea 26._(leaf) are produced mainly in the south of China，because 27._ the mild climate and rich soil there.Longjin，Pu'er，Wulong and Tieguanyin are all famous teas.They are pro

27、duced in the provinces of Zhejiang，Yunnan and Fujian.28 _ the past centuries，Chinese people have 29._(develop) their unique tea culture，including tea planting，tealeaf picking，tea 30._(make) and tea drinking.Tea is also a popular topic in dances，songs，poems and novels.四、阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最

28、佳选项。Dear students，I'm glad to be your guest speaker today.It's a great pleasure to visit your school and meet all of you here.I would like to tell you something about _31_I have been a _32_ for fifteen years.I chose this job so I _33_ travel around the world，but the job has _34_ me many unfo

29、rgettable lessons.The work is sometimes _35_I have seen hunger，poverty(贫穷)，wars and death.But I have also seen courage，hope and happiness.In India，I visited a city where there were many _36_ children.Some were as young as four years old.They lived in the streets and _37_ a living by begging(乞讨) or _

30、38_But then a kindhearted lady called Rosa opened a home for them.Within one year，she was _39_ two hundred children.She clothed them，fed them and taught them.She _40_ them hope.Here in China，I _41_ a young boy with a serious illness.He had had twenty operations and _42_ nearly his whole life in hosp

31、ital.I _43_ he would be sad，but when I met him in the school，his smell was so warm and welcoming.In life，we need role models(榜样) that we can admire and learn from._44_ I feel upset，I try to _45_ the courage and goodness of these two people.（ ）31.A.yourself Bmyself Citself Dthemselves（ ）32.A.teacher

32、Bdoctor Creporter Dvisitor（ ）33.A.could Bmight Cwould Dwill（ ）34.A.taught Bmade Cremembered Dheard（ ）35.A.easy Binteresting Cboring Ddifficult （ ）36.A.endless Buseless Chomeless Dcareless（ ）37.A.gave Bmade Cdid Dsent（ ）38.A.stealing Bsteal Cstole Dstolen（ ）39.A.caring for Blooking for Cgiving away D

33、giving up （ ）40.A.made Bpaid Cgave Dtold （ ）41.A.liked Basked Ctrained Dmet （ ）42.A.cost Bspent Ctook Dpaid （ ）43.A.imagined Bsaw Cthought Dlooked （ ）44.A.Since BAfter CWhen DBefore （ ）45.A.forget Bremember Cgive Dsend五、阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Have you heard of the “Ice Bucket Challenge(冰桶挑战

34、赛)”？It was popular last summer.It seemed everyone was enjoying the fun，from popular singers like Taylor Swift and Justin Timberlake，to famous businessmen including Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg.Is it a kind of new，cool way to deal with the summer heat？Of course not，it's a game to increase aware

35、ness of the illness ALS and encourage donations(捐赠) to research.Last summer，the challenge first spread rapidly across social media and latenight talk shows in the USA.And soon，it was popular around the world.The challenge way is easy.It needs the people who receives the challenge to pour a bucket of

36、 ice water over their head within 24 hours，or donate money to help fight ALS.Even if a person completes the challenge，he or she is welcome to donate money，too.Once a person completes the challenge，he or she is supposed to give the same challenge to several other people，usually three，which is why the

37、 number of people that took the challenge grew so quickly. A great number of people so far have made videos，or commented about the challenge.Many ALS association (协会)have benefited from(得益于) the challenge. One of them said it got more than $100 million.（ ）46The underlined word“awareness”in Paragraph

38、 2 means _ _ Atraining Bknowing Cprotecting Dguessing（ ）47If one person accepts the challenge，he or she needs to_ _ Atake a cold shower Bdrink a cup of ice water Cswim in cold water Ddrop ice water over the head（ ）48When someone completes the challenge，he or she should _ _ Adonate money to the people who catch ALS Bgive the same challenge to other people Cput the video on the Internet Dtell at least three people（ ）49From the passage，we know that _ _ Athe chal