M5U3过去分词语法

1、Oct 25, 2013过去分词的句法功能：过去分词的句法功能： 过去分词具有过去分词具有 和和 的特的特征，在意义上表征，在意义上表 和和 ；可担任可担任 、 、 和和 等。等。形容词形容词 副词副词 被动被动 完成完成 定语定语 表语表语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 状语状语 1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般为前置定语。单个的过去分词作定语一般为前置定语。 翻译：翻译：被污染的河流被污染的河流 a river 打破了的窗户打破了的窗户 a window 有组织的旅行有组织的旅行 an trip总结：总结：及物动词的过去分词与所修饰的名词构及物动词的过去分词与所修饰的名词构成成 或或 的关系。的关系

2、。但是某些单个的过去分词作定语时为后置但是某些单个的过去分词作定语时为后置定语，如：定语，如：leftleft，一作定语一作定语 过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词与过去分词之间过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词与过去分词之间是是 或或 的关系的关系。 被动被动 被动完成被动完成 polluted broken organized 被动被动 被动完成被动完成 翻译：倒下的树翻译：倒下的树 已升起的太阳已升起的太阳 总结：总结：少数不及物动词的过去分词与所修少数不及物动词的过去分词与所修饰的名词构成饰的名词构成 的关系的关系 a fallen tree the risen sun 主动完成主动完成 II

3、. 过去分词短语作定语为后置定语。过去分词短语作定语为后置定语。 改写句子：改写句子：Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientist. 总结：总结：过去分词作定语为后置定语过去分词作定语为后置定语相当于一个相当于一个 从句从句。 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientist. 定语定语 疑难档案：疑难档案：动词过去分词、现在分词被动式动词过去分词、现在分词被动式和不定式被动式作后置定语的区别和不定式被动式作后置定语的区别 这

4、三种形式作定语，都表这三种形式作定语，都表被动被动。其区别主要表现为。其区别主要表现为动作的发生时间不同。动作的发生时间不同。The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.过去分词作定语，与所修饰的名词构成过去分词作定语，与所修饰的名词构成 的关的关系。系。Listen, the song being sung is very popular with the students.现在分词被动式（现在分词被动式（being done）作定语，表示一）作定语，表示一 个个 动作。动作。. The question to be discus

5、sed at the tomorrows meeting is very important one.不定式被动式（不定式被动式（to be done）作定语表）作定语表 示示 的动作。的动作。 被动与完成被动与完成 正在被执行的正在被执行的 将要被执行将要被执行 二二 作表语作表语过去分词在句中作表语说明主语所处过去分词在句中作表语说明主语所处的的 ，具有形容词作表语的特征。，具有形容词作表语的特征。翻译：翻译： 许多人受伤了。许多人受伤了。 A lot of people were . 当老师进来时，学生们都坐好了。当老师进来时，学生们都坐好了。 When the teacher came

6、 in, the students were all .总结：这种作表语的过去分词大总结：这种作表语的过去分词大多由及物动词构成，与主语之间多由及物动词构成，与主语之间是是 的关系。的关系。 状态状态 injured seated 被动完成被动完成 疑难档案：疑难档案：过去分词作表语，连系动词除过去分词作表语，连系动词除be be 外，还外，还可用可用become, feel, remain, get, look, appear, seem等。等。 动词动词dress, seat,和和locate 用过去分词作表用过去分词作表语。语。She was dressed in white like

7、a nurse.He was seated at the desk, with his back to us.Our office is located in the city center. 过去分词作状语时，句子的主语与过去分词之间是 关系，可表 、 、_、 _ 、 、 、 等。被动被动方式方式原因原因条件条件伴随伴随时间时间让步让步三、作状语三、作状语 请说出下列句中的过去分词所充当的成分：请说出下列句中的过去分词所充当的成分：1. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a six-pointed shape. ( )2. She

8、soon fell asleep, exhausted by the trip. ( )3. He sat at the desk, lost in thought. ( )4.Given the opportunity, she might have become an outstanding artist. ( ) 时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语1. 过去分词作状语时，可根据意思的需要在前过去分词作状语时，可根据意思的需要在前 面加上面加上when, whenever, once, until, if, unless, even if, though 等连

9、词等连词, 相当于一个相当于一个省略了的状语从句省略了的状语从句。 When heated, water changes into steam. Though warned of the danger, they still went skating on the thin ice. Unless changed, this law will make life difficult for farmers. Even if invited, I wont go.疑难档案疑难档案：2. 过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 主语与作状语的过去分词之间是主语与作状语的过去分

10、词之间是 关系，关系，与现在分词之间是与现在分词之间是 关系。关系。被动被动主动主动 3. 现在分词的完成式的被动式作时间状语时，现在分词的完成式的被动式作时间状语时，可用可用 _形式替换。形式替换。Having been discussed / Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. -ed4. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词作状语时， 其逻辑上的主语通常就其逻辑上的主语通常就是句子的是句子的 ，但也可在前面加自己的逻辑，但也可在前面加自己的逻辑主语（用主语（用 和和 来表示），这来表示），这种结构为独立主格结构。种结构为

11、独立主格结构。名词名词主语主语代词的主格代词的主格All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.过去分词可在一些动词后作宾补，这时宾语过去分词可在一些动词后作宾补，这时宾语与作宾补的过去分词之间是与作宾补的过去分词之间是 _ _ 关系关系。翻译：我们发现地上已覆盖着雪。翻译：我们发现地上已覆盖着雪。We found the ground _ with snow.被动完成的被动完成的covered 总结：总结：常见的可后接过去分词作宾补的动词有常见的可后接过去分词作宾补的动词有_。 find, hear, see, watch, feel,

12、keep, leave, want, have, get, make等等四、作宾补四、作宾补1. 过去分词与现在分词作宾补的区别过去分词与现在分词作宾补的区别 试比较：试比较： I found the young trees watered. （我发现这些小树已经浇过水了。）（我发现这些小树已经浇过水了。） I found them watering the young trees. （我发现他们正在给小树浇水。）（我发现他们正在给小树浇水。）总结：宾语与作宾补的过去分词之总结：宾语与作宾补的过去分词之间是间是 的关系，与现在分的关系，与现在分词之间是词之间是 的关系。的关系。被动完成被动完成

13、主动进行主动进行疑难档案疑难档案2. I saw the school built. 我看见学校已经建好。我看见学校已经建好。 I saw the school being built. 我看见学校正在（被）修建。我看见学校正在（被）修建。总结：总结：过去分词作宾补表过去分词作宾补表 ；现在分词的被动式做宾补现在分词的被动式做宾补表表 。被动完成被动完成被动进行被动进行（1）have+宾语宾语+过去分词（宾补），过去分词（宾补）， 表示表示“（主语）使别人做某事（主语）使别人做某事”。这时宾语与。这时宾语与作宾补的过去式分词之间为被动关系作宾补的过去式分词之间为被动关系。 He had his

14、 car repaired. 他请人修好了车。他请人修好了车。 表示表示“（主语）蒙受或遭遇到某事（主语）蒙受或遭遇到某事”。这时宾。这时宾语与过去式之间同样为被动关系。语与过去式之间同样为被动关系。 He had his car stolen. 他的车被偷走了。他的车被偷走了。3. 动词动词have 后的几种非谓语动词形式对比：后的几种非谓语动词形式对比：（2）have+宾语宾语+现在分词（宾补），表示现在分词（宾补），表示“让（使）某人做某事让（使）某人做某事”，这种表达侧重，这种表达侧重使宾语处于一种做某事的状态。使宾语处于一种做某事的状态。 He had the visitor wai

15、ting for half an hour. 他让来客等了半个小时。他让来客等了半个小时。（3） have+宾语宾语+省略不定式符号省略不定式符号to 的动词的动词原形做宾补时，表示要求、吩咐某人做某事。原形做宾补时，表示要求、吩咐某人做某事。这时这时have是使役代词是使役代词。4. With复合结构中非谓语动词做宾补的用法：复合结构中非谓语动词做宾补的用法：（with的否定结构为的否定结构为 without） With复合结构（复合结构（with+宾语宾语+宾补）可以宾补）可以在句中作在句中作 和和 。翻译：翻译：屋顶坏了的那间房已修好了。屋顶坏了的那间房已修好了。The house wi

16、th its roof (damage) has now been repaired.状语状语定语定语damaged外面有那么大的吵闹声，我怎么能工作呢？外面有那么大的吵闹声，我怎么能工作呢？ How can I work with that noise (go on) outside?有这么多工作要做，我不知道是否有时间出去玩。有这么多工作要做，我不知道是否有时间出去玩。With all this work (do), I dont know if Ill have time to go out.going onto do总结总结: with+宾语宾语+宾补结构中，宾补可以是现宾补结构中，宾

17、补可以是现在分词（宾语与现在分词之间构成在分词（宾语与现在分词之间构成 关关系），或过去分词（宾语与现在分词之间构系），或过去分词（宾语与现在分词之间构成成 关系），或不定式（不定式在时关系），或不定式（不定式在时间上表间上表 ）主动进行主动进行被动完成被动完成将来将来1. They might just have a place _ on the writing course why dont you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave2. The sunlight is white and blinding, _ h

18、ard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwingB. being thrown C. to throwD. to be thrown3. I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught4. We very early so we packed the night before. A. leave B. had left C. were leaving D

19、. have left5. Volunteering gives you a chance lives, including your own. A. changeB. changing C. changedD. to change6. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. FindB. Finding C. To find D. Found7. When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A.

20、blockB. to block C. blockingD. blocked8. In some languages,100 words make up half of all words in daily conversations. A. using B. to use C. having used D. used9. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really _. A. to be worriedB. to worry C. having worriedD. worried10. The

21、 students are looking forward to having an opportunity _ society for real-life experience. A. explore B. to explore C. exploringD. explored11. Sophia got an e-mail _ her credit card account number. A. asking for B. ask for C. asked for D. having asked for12. _ at the photos, illustrations, title and

22、 headings and you can guess what the reading is about. A. To look B. Looking C. Having lookedD. Look13. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, me stories till I fell asleep. A. having told B. telling C. told D. to tell14. The engine just wont start. Something seems wrong with it. A. to

23、go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone15. in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded16. _ basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being

24、 known17. Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test18. The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. having bathed19. You cann

25、ot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts. A. offering B. to offerC. having offered D. offered20. Every day _ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads21. _ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for

26、midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay22. Lionel Messi the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. setB. settingC. to set D. having set23. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruin

27、s, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced24.If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. A. askedB. to ask C. asking D. having asked25. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _for her. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was wa