2019年高考英语一轮复习Unit1GreatScientists押题专练(含解析)新人教版必修5练习

1、2019 年高考英语一轮复习Unit1GreatScientists押题专练（含解析）新人教版必修5 练习李仕才第一节阅读理解AAbout1.3billionyearsago,twomassiveblackholeshiteachotherandformed a new one. The energy in the spacetime structure波) setfree by the collision created a ripple(波纹 )andspreadoutwardingravitationalwaves ( 引 力Then, on September 14,2015, a g

2、roup of scientists discovered the waves. OnFebruary 11, anannouncementcame from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory(LIGO)intheUS that,fortheveryfirsttime,agravitationalwavewasdirectlyobservedandrecorded.“Wediscoveredgravitational waves. We did it，” David Reitze, the director of L

3、IGO, said inthepress conferenceon February 11.“It's exactly what Einstein's theory ofgeneral relativity predicted.”Einstein's 1915 theory reimagined theto Einstein, the framework for the universefixed ，But changed by matter and energyframework for the universe. According or the spacetime

4、 structure is not“in a way a heavy sleeper causes amattress to sag(床垫下凹 ), producing the effect we call gravity”，explainsa New York Times article.“A disturbance ，” explains the article.forcesintheuniverse(electromagnetism,theweak nuclearforceandthestrong nuclear force), gravity is relatively weak, m

5、aking gravitational waves hard to discover.1/14The discovery by LIGO would open a new chapter in astronomy.“Everythingelseinastronomyisliketheeye ， ”SzabolcsMarka,aColumbi a Universityprofessor, toldThe NewYork Times. “Finally, astronomy grew ears. We never hadears before.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了引力波的发现证

6、实了1915 年爱因斯坦的预测，这为人类更好地研究宇宙提供了可能。1 What is a gravitational wave according to the text?A It's a disturbance in the universe.B It's the crash of the two black holes.C It's a ripple in the spacetime structure.D It's an effect caused by energy.答 案 ： C 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 一 段 第 二 句 “The

7、 energysetfreebythecollisioncreatedarippleinthespacetimestructureand spreadoutwardingravitational waves.”可知，引力波就是在时空结构中产生的波纹。故选C 项。2 Why is the discovery by LIGO important?A It proves Einstein's 1915 theory.B The waves were hard to discover.C The waves changed the universe.D It reshapes the spac

8、etime structure.答案： A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“It's exactly what Einstein'stheory of general relativity predicted.”可知，该发现证实了爱因斯坦1915 年提出的理论，这也是此项发现的重要性所在。故选A 项。3 What can we learn from the text?A It took LIGO 4 months to confirm the discovery.B The framework for the universe can be changed.C One pr

9、oduces gravity because he sletif heavily.D There are more than four forces in the universe.4 What is the last paragraph mainly about?2/14A Astronomy calls for more attention.B Never before has astronomy achieved much.C Astronomy is more about what we can hear in space.D A better understanding of the

10、 universe is made possible.答案： D 主旨大意题。这一发现掀开了天文学的新篇章，根据本段最后两句“Finally,astronomy grew ears. We never had ears before.”可知，我们将会对宇宙有更好的了解。故选 D项。BMy family moved around a lot when I wasgrowing up. In 2nd grade， I livedhere in Washington D C, where I made an amazing group of friends. I wasupsetwhen my pa

11、rents told me we were moving again and I would have to leave all mybest friends behind.In 7th grade, we moved back to Washington D C. And I could not have beenmore excited and I felt like I was finally home again. But things had changed.There were two new girls, who decided that they didn't like

12、 me, which meant noone else could, not even all my former best friends.And thenone dayduringschool,Iopenedmylocker,onlytofindanotelying on the floor. The note said： Die. Nobody likes you.My heart started beating faster and I felt the blood rushing to my face. Ihadno ideawhat todo.Thenotewasn'tsi

13、gnedandIhadnoideawho hadwritten it, but I figured the new girls were behind it. I had to sit in classallday withmy headdown,wondering whoelseknew aboutthis.Ifeltshamehorrible and sure that nothing would ever be good again.I decided that the perfect way to end all of this was with another note,left o

14、n the bathroom mirror at school.It's sad for someone to bully (欺负 ) other classmates to make themselvesfeelbetteror lookcool.Bullyingothersisawaytoimpressisnotworthmaking others feel bad.Obviously I'm very happy now, but it doesn't mean I'llever forget about that note or how it made

15、me feel. And to those of you thatarecurrentvictimsofbullying knowthat youareNOT alone.Itwillgetbetter. I promise.篇章导读：家庭的搬迁给孩子的生活和学习都带来了一些问题，但本文小作者以积极3/14且坦诚的心态去面对，用颇具建设性的办法去解决，值得读者们学习、借鉴。5 Why was the author unhappy when she left Washington D C?A She couldn't adapt herself.B She had to leave be

16、st friends.C She was growing up there.D She hated traveling a lot.答案： B 细节理解题。根据文中第一段的最后一句可知，答案是B。6 When the author opened the locker, she felt_.A surprisedB annoyedC amusedD ashamed7 In the end, the author turned things around_.A under her teacher's guideBC with her best friends' helpD thro

17、ugh her own efforts答案： D 推理判断题。根据文中倒数第二段可知答案，即通过自己的努力，用积极建设性的办法解脱困境。8 What suggestion does the author give to the teens?A Meet friends whenever possible.B Make efforts to fight back hard.C Go easy on yourself and others.D Be optimistic and let a thing slide.第二节完形填空4/14阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从1 20 题所给的 A、 B

18、、 C和 D 项中，选出最佳选项。When our restaurant business failed，we headed north in a camping truck toTexas，hoping to have a“fresh start”At the_1_of Palo Duro Canyon (峡谷 ) State Park，I _2_ a jobadvertisement hiring park hosts.The position offered a_3_， permanentcampsite in the park， and_4_， the hosts served as

19、a link between thepark's guests and the rangers (护林人 ) It was the perfect solution: a rentfreeplace to reorganize our lives.We entered the park and I made an _5_forthe following day.The park was_6_， so it took us some time to find an availablesite.That evening， as we finished our dinner， my wife

20、 saw two large skunks (臭鼬) walking toward our table.We_7_climbed onto the table and， for thenext four hours， waited for them to_8_our camp.Having survived that night， we were_9_that everything else would beall right. The next day we met with the people who ran the park.They explained our_10_and gave

21、 us a beautiful campsite.That evening， _11_ ， we learned about the canyon_12_ They werestrong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently， and welay_13_in the dark until the winds died away.14_the weeks that followed， we learned to survive in our truckand_15_the little money my wife_16_by s

22、ubstitute teaching.Buildinga successful business and then losing it had left very little time for buildinga successful _17_For a time after our business_18_I thought Imight lose my family as well.5/14living in the tiny_19_with no television, we sat close togetherreading and talking. One evening，stan

23、ding under a jeweled sky， I foundmyself_201 A.backBentranceC. centreD edge2 A.sponsoredBpublishedC noticedDanswered3 A.freeBsafeC convenientDbeautiful4 A.in returnB in timeC in shortD in turn5 A.attemptBagreementC appealDappointment6 A.idealB dangerousC crowdedDquiet7 A.repeatedlyB eventuallyC immed

24、iatelyD calmly8 A.attackB passC leaveD search9 A.satisfiedB confident6/14C determinedDaware10 A.responsibilitiesB requirementsC circumstancesD conditions11 A.moreoverB thereforeC meanwhileD however12 A.windsB snowsC woodsD trails13 A.achingB quarrelingC mourningD shaking14 A.AfterB BetweenC DuringDB

25、eyond15 A.give awayBhand outC live onD put aside16 A.borrowedBpostedC earnedDraised17 A.businessBfamilyC careerDimage18 A.startedBfailedC expandedD declined7/1419 A.campB parkC houseD truck20 A.desperateBreadyC suitableD. thankful语篇解读：本文体栽为记叙文。题材为个人经历。文章讲述了作者生意失败后，举家去得克萨斯州开始新的生活。在应聘“park host ”一职后，一

26、家人虽然生活比较艰难，但家人之间的关系更加密切。1解析：根据常识可知，“我”应该在公园的入口处看到招聘信息，at theentrance of意为“在 入口”。答案： B2解析： sponsor “赞助，倡议”； publish “出版，发行”； notice “注意到”；answer“回答”；选 C 表示“我”注意到了这则广告。答案： C答案： A4解析：根据上下文可知，对方给我们提供了免费的营地，作为回报，“我”要充当旅客和护林人之间联系的纽带。答案： A5解析：根据下文“ The next day we met with the people who ran the park.”可知，“

27、我”和管理公园的负责人见了面，而在见面之前应是先预约。make anappointment意为“预约”。8/14答案： D6解析：根据下文“ it took us some time to find an available site”可知，公园里的人很多，crowded 意为“人多的，拥挤的”。答案： C7解析：根据上下文句意可推断，我们为了躲避臭鼬立刻爬到桌子上面去，故C 项符合语境。 immediately “立即，马上”。答案： C8解析：我们等待臭鼬离开(leave)我们的营地。答案： C9解析：熬过了那个晚上，我们相信其他一切事情会比较顺利的。confident “有信心的，有把握

28、的”。答案： B答案： A11解析：下文描述了我们在营地生活的艰难，与上文构成转折关系，故D项符合句意。 however 意为“然而，不过”。答案： D12解析：由下文“ until the winds died away”可知答案。答案： A9/1413解析：根据上文“ They were strong and cold， rocking our little campingtruck violently”可知，我们颤抖地躺在车里，shake 此处意为“发抖”。答案： D14解析：句意：在接下来的几个星期里，我们学会了如何在货车里生活。答案： C15解析： give away “赠送，泄露，

29、出卖”；hand out “分发”； live on“靠 生活”； put aside “整理，放在一边”。根据上文可知，此处指在接下来的几个星期里我们靠妻子做代课教师挣得一点钱生活。答案： C16解析：此处考查固定搭配。earn money 意为“挣钱”。答案： C17解析：根据下文“ I thought I might lose my family as well”可知B 项符合句意。答案： B18解析：根据文章第一段“When our restaurant business failed.”可知。本句指这次失败让“我”感觉也许会失去自己的家庭。答案： B19解析：根据上文“ we lea

30、rned to survive in our truck”可知。答案： D10/14答案： D第三节语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词 ) 或括号内单词的正确形式。Every morning， Lao Tse went for a walk in the dawn.He never walked withothers ， as he knew that people could not be quiet and that they would disturb his 1._(silent)he experienced.But his neighbor put in 2._

31、requestfor his friend.He said，Lao Tse agreed so the friend came along.They walked alongside each other4._saying one word.When they walked deeper into the woods, they came toa lake 5._(surround)by high trees.The sun 6._(shine)through thetrees and fell in patterns on the water.It was a fantastic sight

32、.The friend'sjaw dropped and wanted 7._(praise)the beautiful scenery.But he coveredhis mouth with his hand，8._he remembered his promise.After they came back ，“ Your friend is very nice.I'd like to walk with him again. ”语篇解读：尊敬别人的习惯才能跟别人成为朋友。1解析：考查名词。根据句意，他们会打扰他的安静。在形容词性物主代词之后，用名词形式。答案： silen

33、ce2解析：考查冠词。这里指提出一个请求，故用不定冠词。答案： a11/143解析：考查副词。形容词前面用副词修饰，表示完全地安静。答案：4解析：考查介词。根据句意，他们并肩走着，一句话也没有说。故用without。答案： without5解析：考查非谓语动词。lake 与 surround之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。答案： surrounded8解析：考查连词。这里是在解释原因，故填because ，引导原因状语从句。答案： because9解析：考查形容词。be satisfied with sb.意为“对人某满意”。答案： satisfied10解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用动

34、名词作主语。答案： Respecting第四节短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ) ，并在其下面写出该加的词。12/14删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者 ( 从第 11 处起 ) 不计分。Nothavingpassedtheexam,XiaoMingremainedintheclassroomafterschool.

35、When asking,hetoldme he didn'tdaretogohome becauseofhewasafraidofbeingscoldedorbeatenbyhisdad.Hearingthathesaid,Ifeltsorry for him and couldn't help think of the“wolf father”Childrenwillbehavewelliftheyarepunishingwhentheydosomethingwrongandthat punishmentshouldbe physicalpunishment,whichisanextremeimportanteducationalconcepttoma