大学英语四级翻译的核心语法

1、翻译的核心语法1 .各种从句的用法本文主要通过总结归纳来探讨历年四级翻译对各类从句的考查情况。(1)主语从句真题： 。艮多人没有意识至U 的 )is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6)答案： What many people don ' t realize(2)宾语从句真题：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life(是用他们能够借到 多少来衡量的)，not how much they can earn.(2007.12)

2、答案：is measured by how much they can loan(3)表语从句真题：In my sixties, one change I notice is that我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12)答案：I am more likely to get tired than before(4)定语从句真题：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems今还没有答案)(2008.12)答案：(that/which)they haven ' t found solution t

3、o which they haven ' t found solution真题： Q我成长的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6) 答案： Compared with the place where I grew up真题：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is 我们可以合作的领域).(2007.6)答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate5)状语从句真题：Leaving one ' s job,不管是什么工作 ),i

4、s a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6)答案：whatever it is(让步状语从句)真题：I am going to pursue this course,无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12)答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make计步状语从句)真题：Some psychologists claim that people出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006.12)答案： may feel lonely when

5、 they are away from home时间状语从句)【真题】 大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12)【解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中所关心的”实际上是指 所关心的事情”，用英语表达则使用what引导的从句。What在主语从句中作介词的宾语。关心”可以用beconcerned abou诔达。【答案】 What most parents are concerned about注：从句的用法参见完形填空部分对从句的讲解。2 .虚拟语气历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点

6、可以归纳如下：(1)(should)+动词原形的情形；(2)if或but for等引导的条件句;(3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that 的用法。 【真题】You would not have failed if(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12)【答案】 you had followed my instructions 或者 you had followed my orders【解析】本题较为容易，按照汉语意思直译。考点有两个：首先最重要的考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查；根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的形式

7、，从句中应该采用had+ 过去分词的结构；第二是固定搭配按照一的指令”表达为follow my instructions或者是follow my orders注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以；注意很多学生出现遗漏主语you, 造成不必要的失分。【真题】The victim(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12)【解析】本旬考查对错综时间条件句的虚拟语气的掌握。在与过去事实相反的条件下，if引导的条件句时态是过去完成时态，主句谓语一般使用would have done【答案】 would have had a c

8、hance to survive/would have had a chance of survival3 .倒装结构倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动 词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：(1)否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构 hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner , not only thianbut also于旬首时 所导致的倒装。Seldom did I go

9、 to theater, but now it is different.以前我很少去剧院，但是现在不同了。(2)虚拟倒装。指在if引导的虚拟条件句中，将if省略，把should, had, were®至主语前， 形成倒装。Were I you, I ' ll never promise to do that.如果我是你，绝对不会答应那么做的(3)强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装，如：A.so倒装句So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.他工作如此勤奋以至于经常废

10、寝忘食。B.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only, often, thenThen did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。在“so形容词that分句”结构中，如将“so形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动 词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word.她感动得说不出话来。【真题】

11、Not only(他向我收费过高)，but he didn ' t do a good repair job either.(2006.6 新)【解析】本题考查对倒装的掌握。解答此题需要考虑两个层次，首先是动词收费”的对应词，应当译为“charge/'收费过高”往往使用too much,更加巧妙的用词overcharge就可以 表示收费过高”。其次，not only也比结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，这是倒装的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们要把助动词did提出来，按照倒装形式译为did he overcharge me/did he charge me too mu

12、ch【答案】 did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much翻译真题评析与提高1. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had(难跟上班 上同学)in maths and English. (2009.6)【解题步骤】(一)理解：分析此句，所翻译的部分主要考查对习惯用法的掌握，而并不涉及句子时态问 题。(二)表达：划分成分，句子中逗号之前部分是时间状语从句，而主句又引导宾语从句，宾 语从句中核心谓语动词是 had,很难跟上班上同学”作宾语，“in maths

13、and English补'语。(1)切块对应翻译：很难做某事 ” =have difficulty (in) doing sth.,跟上” =keep up with 班上同学 ” =his classmates(2) 重新组合： difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates.（三）校审：检查 很难做某事"、跟上"用have difficulty （in） doing sth.和keep up with来表 达是否准确；核对所翻译的句子是否符合英语习惯等。正确答案 difficulty （in） keeping up

14、with his classmates.考点剖析习惯用法：have difficulty （in） doing sth.很难做某事 " ；keep up with®上“'2. The study shows that the poor functioning of human body is（缺乏锻炼密切相关）.（2009.6）【解题步骤】（一）理解：分析此句，本句时态已经确定，所翻译部分在 be动词is之后，所以充当表语 成份。本题主要是对习惯用法的考查。（二）表达：划分成分本句的核心谓语动词是 show,其后引导一个宾语从句，“the poor function

15、ing of human body作宾语从句的主语，与缺乏锻炼密切相关”作表语。（1）切块对应翻译：与密切相关” =be closely linked/related to , 缺乏锻炼” =the lackof exercise。（2） 重新组合：closely linked/ related to the lack of exercise（三）校审：检查 与密切相关”、缺乏锻炼"用be closely linked/related to,the lack ofexercise来表达是否准确；核对所翻译的句子是否符合英语习惯等。正确答案 closely linked to the

16、lack of exercise/ closely related to the lack of exercise.考点剖析习惯用法：be closely linked/related to 与密切相关 " ；the lack of exercised乏锻炼”3. You ' d better take a sweater with you（以防天气变冷）.（2008.12）【解题步骤】（一）理解：分析此句，划线处应该填写一个让步状语从句，根据所表达的意思，这是对未来天气情况的一种假设，可以使用虚拟语气。（二）表达：划分成分，You' d better take a sweater with you本句的主句部分，从句 以防天气变冷”中核心谓语动词是 变冷"，天气”作