Module7unit1 grammar

1、Unit 11.Learn the infinitives forms and tenses.2.Anylize its parts used in a sentence.3.Do some exercises.Do you believe I can fly like a bird?How can you believe I can fly like a bird?_is to believe. Its impossible for humans _now.To seeto fly like a bird 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由由 “ to+动词原形动词

2、原形” 构成构成,没有人没有人称和数的变化称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作在句中不能独立作谓语谓语.但不定式具有名词、形容词但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作和副词的特征，在句中可以作主主语语、宾语宾语、宾语补足语宾语补足语、表语表语、定语定语、状语状语等。等。不定式（不定式（ the Infinitive）结构结构 : to do;(否定否定) not to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 一般式一般式 进行式进行式 完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have d

3、one to have been done to have been doing-一、不定式所作成分一、不定式所作成分2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用 1. 作主语作主语(1).(1).不定式作不定式作主语主语时时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语. To see is to believe. Its impossible for humans to fly like a bird now. My job to_ Your task t

4、o_ (2).不定式作表语不定式作表语protect the world.teach students. He likes to _. I found it still necessary to _ if he want to win.(3) 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. The teacher told me to_

5、.I expect you to_.(4). 不定式作宾补不定式作宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感一感: feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式

6、不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.But my brother has a lot of homework _.So I am looking for someone _.(5).不定式作定语不定式作定语 作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，或，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式者不定式所

7、修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相相应的介词应的介词。 He is looking for a room to live in.2. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：Have yo

8、u anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作的动作执行者是执行者是you）2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的的动作执行者是已被省略的me或或someone else）I got up early to_. I came here to_.(6) 不定式作状语不定式作状语in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too

9、tocatch the trainTo tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth He didnt know _.(8). 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, who,which, when, how, what what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to s

10、ay.(.(宾语宾语) ) How to solve the problem is very important.(.(主语主语) ) My question is when to start. (. (表语表语) )注意：注意：在与在与why连用时，只用于连用时，只用于why或或why not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest? had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事 Why (not) do sth.? prefer to d

11、o/prefer doing prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B would rather (not) do sth. would rather do A than (do) B would rather + 句子（过去式）句子（过去式） （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 要要做做(10) 不定式的省略不定式的省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词. e.g. Would you like to go with me ? I

12、d like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省略不可省略. e.g. Would you like to be a teacher? Id like to be.二、不定式的否定结构：二、不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由：不定式的否定结构多由： “not +不定式不定式”构构成，成， 否定副词否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要等要置于置于to前。前。e.g. 请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍.Please tell your child not to play in the street.她检查

13、名字为了不犯错误她检查名字为了不犯错误.She checked the names so as not to make mistakes. 三、不定式的时态：三、不定式的时态：（1）一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动）一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。e.g. He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。他似乎知道这事。I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。我希望再见到你。（2）完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的）完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表

14、示的动作之前。动作之前。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。e.g. Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.(3) 一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓语一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。动词表示的动作同时发生。e.g.他好象正在吃什么东西。他好象正在吃什么东西。He seems to be eating something.（4）完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续）完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。至说话的时候。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。She is said

15、to have been working on the problem for many years.Exercise1.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_ on a big rock by the side of the path. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 2.Were planning _ a party next week.A.A. to have B. have C. having D. had Practice choosing ( 10m )3. -Which d

16、o you prefer _ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?- Neither. Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend 4.Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven? When to take B. to take A. C. have taken D. being taken5._ get a complete picture, further information is needed. In order that B. In order to C.

17、 Being D. To have 6. It s necessary _ some English grammar. A. for students to learn B. for students learning C. of students to learn A. D. of students learning7. I ought to _ him the news, but I forgot to do so.A. remember to tell B. remember tellingC. have remembered to tellD. have remembered tell

18、ing8. I _ you the exciting news, but you were not at home. Meant telling B. meant to tellingA.C. Meant to having told D. meant to tell9. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying10. The purpose of new te

19、chnologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make11. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 12. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it re

20、mains _ whether they will enjoy it.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see13. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it14. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 15. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning16. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt tu