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UNIT TENTEXT ONEWhen Princeton, the University of Virginia, and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissions options because they gave an unfair advantage to affluent students, many college counselors held their breath. Would early decision go the way of kegs in dormitories? Not for now, at least. Early admission is still going strong at many colleges and universities, including many top-tier schools.Early decision in particular-in which a student commits to a first-choice institution-is often touted as a plus for both schools and students. Colleges can lock up half of their class before January, and acceptance rates are typically higher than under regular admission. The major drawback of early decision is that it leaves students who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in the cold. By applying early, you must enroll if accepted, so comparing awards with those of other schools is out of the question. Schools like that, of course, because it helps their bottom line. But there is a possible end run: Ask if a school will release you from your obligation should its aid package fall short. In some cases, a school will roll you into the regular admission pool, allowing for comparison shopping come springtime.While some schools admit almost the same percentage of applicants during early and regular admission, many favor the early pool. Johns Hopkins University took 44 percent from its early round and 24 percent from the regular pool. Early birds at Hopkins make up a third of this falls freshman class.Nonetheless, college counselors have seen borderline students get a boost by applying early decision. If they arent legacies, athletes, or an underrepresented minority, early decision may be the only hook that some students have, says Jim Conroy, chair of post-high-school counseling at New Trier Township High School in Winnetka, Ill. But you need to be realistic. If a school is out of your reach, its out of reach whether you apply early decision, early action, or regular admission, says Sarah Wilburn, a college counselor at Campus Bound in Quincy, Mass. Move on and set some new goals.Advantage or not, applying early decision makes sense only if youre convinced that a school is a good fit for you. Erin Murray decided to apply to Dartmouth early despite the advice of her college counselor and others. They wanted her to beef up her transcript after she had spent a semester of high school in Italy. But the teenager from Cheyenne, Wyo., wisely played up her experience abroad (her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores didnt hurt, either) and was accepted. I probably would have fit well at a number of schools, she admits, but Dartmouth was the only place I could see myself walking across the greens. It was a gut reaction.If you lack the same certainty but clinching a slot before New Years is appealing, consider other early admissions plans. Early action is a nonbinding alternative that allows you to apply by November 1 and hear back before the regular application deadline. Some highly selective schools require that you submit only one early action application-called single-choice early action-meaning you cant apply early elsewhere. Another option is to apply early to rolling admissions, where an application that arrives in the fall may stand out more than one that arrives with most of the others in January.1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision? A Early decision is a common strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.B Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.C Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes and minorities.D Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_A students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.B it excludes students who are from lower social class or poor family background.C it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.D it excludes students who want to have comparison shopping.3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that_A early decision is not so advantageous as people think.B students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.C students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision.D students should not limit themselves in early decision. 4.Wyo applied to Dartmouth because_A she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad. B the universitys beautiful lawn aroused her affection.C she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.D her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores were not so ideal.5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_A applying to early action.B applying to rolling admissions.C applying to early decision.D applying single-choice early action.文章剖析：这篇文章主要讲述了美国的提前择校制度。文章第一段由美国几所大学宣布要取消择校制度来引出择校制度话题；第二段讲述提前择校的优劣；第三段讲述美国对于提前择校的态度；第四段讲述提前择校适合的学生；第五段将不选择提前择校的学生可以考虑的其他方法。词汇注释：affluent adj. 富裕的keg n. 小桶tout v. 吹捧 drawback n. 缺点play up 加油, 开始奏乐 notch n. 槽口, 凹口, 得分难句突破：(1) When Princeton, the University of Virginia, and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissions options because they gave an unfair advantage to affluent students, many college counselors held their breath.主体句式 When, many college counselors 结构分析 这是一个简单句，前面是由when引导的时间状语从句，结构比较复杂；该从句有一个由because引导的原因状语从句，that引导的是宾语从句。句子译文 普林斯顿大学、弗吉尼亚大学和哈佛大学去年秋天宣布将取消提前入学选择，因为这是给富裕学生的一种不公平的优待，许多大学顾问都紧张了起来。(2) The major drawback of early decision is that it leaves students who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in the cold.主体句式 The major drawback is that it leaves students out in the cold.结构分析 这是一个简单句，that引导的是表语从句；who引导的定语从句用来修饰前面的students.句子译文 提前入学的主要缺点是让那些寻找最好的经济资助的学生们暴露在了冷风中。题目分析：1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision?1. 关于提前择校，下列哪个陈述是错误的？A Early decision is a common strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.A 提前择校是各个大学广泛采用的做法，目的在于保证学生的入学率。B Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.B 美国顶级大学开始放弃提前择校的做法。C Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes, and minorities.C提前择校是给与富有学生、运动员和少数民族的特殊待遇。D Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.D 提前择校还会实行很长一段时间。答案 C难度系数 分析 细节题。选项A，第二段提到学校欢迎提前择校是因为可以保证其底线，也就是入学率，因此该选项的说法是正确的。选项B，文章一开头就指出一些顶尖大学开始提出要放弃提前择校的做法，因此B选项的表述符合文章的意思；C，文章第三段提到了提前择校对富有学生、运动员和少数民族这三类人的好处，但是文章也指出这种做法也是为了保证学校的入学率，不是完全为了这三种人设立的特殊待遇，因此，该陈述有问题；D，从第一段可以看出，提前择校不会马上取消、而且在一些学校愈演愈烈，因此该表述也与文章相符。因此，C选项为正确答案。2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_2. 提前择校的主要缺点在于_A students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.A如果选择了提前择校，学生能够得到的资助计划就不那么吸引人。B it exclude students who are from lower social class or poor family background.B将那些来自社会底层和贫穷家庭的学生排除在外。C it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.C不允许学生选择其他更好的学校。D it excludes students who want to have comparison shopping. D将那些想要比较资助优厚与否的学生排除在外。答案D难度系数 分析细节题。文章第三段提到，提前择校的最大缺点就是把那些想要寻求最好的经济资助的学生们暴露在了冷风中，也就是把他们排除在外。因为如果你提前择校并且被学校录取，那就必须入学，这样就没办法和其他学校比较看看有没有学校提供更好的奖学金了。因此，选项中D最为符合题意。3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that_3. Sarah Wilburn想要建议学生的是_A early decision is not so advantageous as people think.A提前择校并没有人们想象中那么有利。B students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.B学生们不应当把提前择校看作是进入大学的唯一途径。C students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision. C学生们在提前择校前应当客观地估量自己的实力。D students should not limit themselves in early decision.D学生们不应当把自己局限在提前择校上。答案C难度系数 分析推理题。Sarah说的是：“如果你没有资格到某个学效，那么不管你是否填了提前入学申请或一般申请都一样，接下来你就得一直前进，设定新的目标。”而结合上下文，上面说学生们应当现实一些。可以推断，她是要告诉学生如果你自己不能达到一个学校的标准，那么不管你是不是提前择校都不会被录取，你应当再去寻找新的目标，适合自己的学校。选项中，D最为符合这个意思。4.Wyo applied to Dartmouth because_4. Wyo申请到达特茅斯大学是因为_A she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad.A 她有在国外的经历。B the universitys beautiful lawn aroused her affection.B 她喜欢学校里的草坪。C she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.C 她觉得她只适合达特茅斯。D her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores were not so ideal.D 她的4.0 GPA和高分不是那么理想。答案B难度系数 分析细节题。文章第四段提到Wyo的个案，她自己说：“我可能感觉好多学校都适合我，但是达特茅斯是唯一我可以看到自己漫步走遍绿地的地方。这是一种内心的反应。” 可以看出，她之所以申请这所学校是因为喜欢学校的绿地，喜欢在那里漫步的心情。因此，B为正确答案。5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_5.学生们如果不能确定自己该申请哪个学校，那么他们可以选择除了_之外的其他方法。A applying to early action.A 申请提前行动B applying to rolling admissions.B 申请滚动入学C applying to early decision.C 申请提前择校D applying single-choice early action.D 申请单一选择提前行动答案C难度系数 分析 细节题。文章第五段提到，学生如果不能确定自己该申请哪个学校，但又不想落空的话有两种选择，一种是提前行动，一种是申请滚动入学；而提前择校是学生已经确定自己要去哪个学校时才采取的方法。因此，C选项为正确答案。参考译文：普林斯顿大学、弗吉尼亚大学和哈佛大学去年秋天宣布将取消提前入学选择，因为这是给富裕学生的一种不公平的优待，许多大学顾问都紧张了起来。提前择校是不是要和宿舍小桶事件如出一辙？起码现在不是这样的。提前择校在许多大学和学院中依然愈演愈烈，包括许多一流学校。提前择校时指学生指定到首选学校上学，这种方式常被吹嘘为对学校和学生都有利。大学可以在1月前就确保其大半课程的人数，接受率一般要比正常入学的高。提前入学的主要缺点是让那些寻找最好的经济资助的学生们暴露在了冷风中。如果他们提前申请，那么如果一旦学校接受他们就必须得入学，因此无法比较其他学校的奖学金。当然，学校喜欢这种做法，因为这可以帮助他们达到底线。也有个迂回方法，学生在申请时可以先问问学校如果其助学金不多是否将自己放行。在有些情况下，学校可以把你加入正常入学学生的名单中，这样学生就可以在春天的时候选择学校了。一些学校称提前和正常入学学生的申请人数几乎一样，但是许多学校都更倾向于录取提前入学的学生。约翰斯霍普金斯大学从申请提前入学学生中选了45%，从申请正常入学学生中选了24%。霍普金斯提前入学的学生占当年秋季入学一年级班级的1/3。不过，学校顾问们发现一些态度不明确的学生如果申请了提前入学可以得到一些帮助。“如果他们不是遗产继承人、运动员或未被充分代表的少数民族，那么提前入学可能就是一些学生的必然选择。”Winnetka的New Tier镇中学后高中咨询中心主席Jim Conroy说道。但是你必须要现实一些。马萨诸塞州昆西校园约束顾问Sarah Wilburn说，“如果你没有资格到某个学效，那么不管你填写了提前入学申请或一般申请你都还是没有资格，接下来你得设定新的目标才行。”不论是否有利，除非你需要坚信某所学校是非常适合你的，否则的话不要急于采取行动。Erin Murray 决定提前申请达特茅斯学校，尽管她的大学顾问和其他人都不让她去。他们希望她先去意大利读完一个学期的高中后就可以加强她的成绩单竞争力了。而十几岁的夏安族学生Wyo却聪明地强调提到自己在国外的经验（4.0 GPA和高分也都没有负面影响），后来获得了该校的录取通知书。“我感觉好多学校都可能适合我，” 她承认说，“但是达特茅斯是唯一一个我可以看到自己漫步绿地的地方。这是一种内心的反应。”如果你没有Wyo那么确定但却希望在新年前作出决定，那么就考虑一下其他提前入学计划吧。提前入学是种没有限制的选择，你可以在11月1日前申请，在一般的申请中止之前静候佳音。一些严格的学校要求你只能提交一份提前申请，叫做“单一选择提前申请”，意思是你不能在别的地方再提前申请。另外一个选择是提前申请到入学名单中，在秋天之前就能拿到申请表，而不是和其他人一样在一月份才能拿到。TEXT TWOGalvanized by the April tragedy at Virginia Tech, in which Seung Hui Cho killed 32 students and faculty members and then committed suicide, colleges and universities around the country are urgently taking stock of the reach and effectiveness of their mental-health services. The goal is not just to avoid another catastrophe caused by a deeply troubled student who fell through the cracks. Its also to face up to the needs of todays students, who increasingly struggle with eating disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. The rate of depression among college students has doubled in just 15 years; last year, some 45 percent of all students said theyve sometimes felt too depressed to function, according to an annual survey by the American College Health Association. Nine percent of college students seriously considered suicide.Some of the key questions that Virginia Tech has brought out are: When do you recognize that a students having serious problems? What steps do you take, and how do you coordinate care? says Richard Kadison, director of mental-health services at Harvard University and author of College of the Overwhelmed. Last week, Kadison and other campus psychiatrists from across the country gathered in Washington, D.C., to map out a better way to meet the demand. Many schools are finding that change will be a significant challenge. About 65 percent of campus counseling centers still have no relationship with the health center, for example, making it difficult to manage illnesses that require medication. Just 59 percent have a psychiatrist available.And the funds necessary to add expertise can be hard to find. Days after the Virginia Tech slayings, Florida public university administrators asked for $3.5 million to hire more psychologists and campus police officers and to set up interdisciplinary teams that would identify troubled students. The Legislature denied the request. The ratio of counselors to students at the University of South Florida is 1 to 3,500; at Cornell, theres a counselor for every 800 students. Experts say that parents should check out the mental-health resources when they send their child to school and make sure that the counseling office is aware of any history. Continuity of care is really important, so that people dont fall through the cracks and have unnecessary stresses and strains, says Jerald Kay, chair of psychiatry at Wright State University Medical School.The thrust of the movement at institutions in the lead has been to redouble efforts to identify students in need of help and then make that help available. Some, like Cornell and Wisconsin, are adding counseling offices in dorms and academic buildings so students have ready access; Cornell has two counselors on staff whose sole job is to talk with faculty and staff and pick up the first inklings of trouble. The University of Illinois requires anyone who threatens or attempts suicide to have a four-session mental-health evaluation. And early-warning systems that involve the entire university community are a priority on many campuses. At Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., for example, faculty and staff can log concerns about academic problems or behavioral issues on a website, which is monitored by an intervention team of representatives from the deans office, faculty, housing staff, campus police, and counseling center. The team meets regularly to decide on an appropriate response. 1. The word “galvanized” (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means_A encouraged.B warned. C stimulated. D inspired.2. Seung Hui Cho committed a serious crime because_ A he felt bitter since the university failed to provide him with qualified mental service to tackle his depression.B he was deeply trouble by the April tragedy at Virginia Tech.C he suffered from severe mental disorder and finally collapsed down.D he was deeply troubled by the cracks that he fell through.3. The change will be a challenge for many schools because_A the number of students who declare that they are struggling with depression far exceeds the schools estimate.B most of them are short of resources supplying counseling service.C the Legistrate do not encourage them to change the present status.D students mental problems are usually too subtle to manage and control.4The ratios of counselors to students mentioned in the fourth paragraph implies that_A the government have not provided enough funds for mental health on campus.B students of the University of South Florida are not seriously mentally troubled as those of Cornell.C mental-health resources of University of South Florida are not so good as those of Cornell.D it is necessary for the University of South Florida to improve its mental-health services.5. Which one of the following measures is NOT taken by institutions to solve the problem? A More counseling centers are set up in schools and the access to them is much easier. B Websites are established for students to release their depression and report anonymously their own problems.C More psychiatrists are available for students.D Precautionary systems are launched in many universities and are given significant emphasis.文章剖析：这篇文章介绍了美国大学为防止学生心理问题所采取的一些措施。第一段介绍弗吉尼亚科技学院的一起惨案引发了全国大学对学生心理健康的关注；第二段讲述许多精神病专家聚集起来寻找解决方法；第三、四段讲述目前学校在解决该方面问题面临的困难。第五段讲述大学目前已经采取的一些措施。词汇注释：galvanize v. 刺激，激励schizophrenia n. 精神分裂症bipolar adj. 双极的slay v 杀戮 inkling n. 细微的迹象难句突破：(1) About 65 percent of campus counseling centers still have no relationship with the health center, for example, making it difficult to manage illnesses that require medication.主体句式 Counseling centers have no relationship,making 结构分析 这是一个简单句，后面的伴随状语主语为整个主句。句子译文 比如，大约65%的学校咨询服务中心和健康中心之间没有联系，这使得控制需要药物治疗的疾病非常困难。(2) At Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., for example, faculty and staff can log concerns about academic problems or behavioral issues on a website, which is monitored by an intervention team of representatives from the deans office, faculty, housing staff, campus police, and counseling center.主体句式 Faculty and staff can log concerns on a website结构分析 这是一个简单句，后面which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰前面的website。句子译文 比如，在纽约州特罗伊的Rensselaer工学院，全体教职员工可以将学术和行为问题放在网站上，该网站由院长办公室、教职员工、住宅职员、校园警察和咨询中心的代表组成的干涉小组来监控。题目分析：1. The word “galvanized” (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means_1. “galvanized” (第一段第一行)最有可能得意思是_A encouraged.A 受到鼓励。B warned.B 受到警告。C stimulated.C 受到刺激。D inspired.D 受到激发。答案C难度系数 分析 猜词题。根据上下文，全国的大学都迫切审视自己心理服务的范围和效果，这是因为弗吉尼亚科技学院四月份发生了一起惨案，Seung Hui Cho杀死了32名学生和教师，然后自杀了。那么，这些大学显然是以前没有对这方面关注，现在这起事故对其实一个刺激，选项中C最为契合。2. Seung Hui Cho committed a serious crime because_2. Seung Hui Cho犯下如此大的罪行是因为_A he felt bitter since the university failed to provide him with qualified mental service to tackle his depression.A 因为学校没有为他提供合格的服务来治疗他的抑郁，使他心中怨恨。B he was deeply trouble by the April tragedy at Virginia Tech.B 他受到弗吉尼亚科技学院惨案的影响。C he suffered from severe mental disorder and finally collapsed down.C 他受到精神失常的困扰，并最终精神崩溃。D he was deeply troubled by the cracks he fell through.D 他受到自己精神崩溃的深深困扰。答案C难度系数 分析推理题。根据文章第一段，在Seung事件结束后，各学校纷纷审视自己对学生精神问题的监督上，可以推断，凶手是因为自己精神除了问题才导致这起事故的。因此，选项中C最为符合题意。A选项显然没有正确地指明Seung犯罪的根本原因。B也是明显错误，因为他本身就是弗吉尼亚科技学院惨案的主角。D选项则是颠倒了因果关系，也是错误选项。3. The change will be a challenge for many schools because_3. 对于许多学校来说这种变化是一个挑战，这是因为_A the number of students who declare that they are struggling with depression far exceeds the schools estimate.A那些承认他们情绪受到压抑的学生人数远远超过了学校的预期。B most of them are short of resources supplying counseling service.B 学校十分缺乏提供咨询服务的资源。C the Legistrate do not encourage them to change the present status.C立法机构不鼓励他们改变目前的状况。D students mental problems are usually too subtle to manage and control.D一般来说学生们的精神问题都非常微妙，很难管理和控制。答案B难度系数 分析细节题。第三段一开头就指出这种变化对于许多学校来说都是一种挑战，而提到的变化联系上下文可以看出是要改变目前心理咨询的现状。第三段紧接着提到了一个例子，就是许多学校没有心理咨询服务。那么可以看出，主要是因为目前咨询服务十分薄弱，所以才是一个挑战。因此，B选项为正确答案。4The ratios of counselors to students mentioned in the fourth paragraph implies that_4第四段中提到的咨询师和学生的比率意味着_A the government have not provided enough funds for mental health on campus.A 政府不能为学校心理健康提供足够的资金。B students of the University of South Florida are not seriously mentally troubled as those of Cornell.B 南佛罗里达大学的学生心理健康存在的问题没有康奈尔大学的学生问题严重。C mental-health resources of University of South Florida are not so good as those of Cornell.C 南佛罗里达大学的心理健康资源没有康乃尔大学的好。D it is necessary for the University of South Florida to improve its mental-health services.D 南佛罗里达大学有必要改善自己的心理健康服务。答案 D难度系数 分析 推理题。根据上下文，提出这个比率之前是提到了佛罗里达申请资金被立法机构否定的情况，而马上提到南佛罗里达州大学顾问与学生的比率和康奈尔大学的比率比较，可以看出南佛罗里达州大学确实需要更多的精神病医师，其服务需要改善。因此，选项D是正确答案。5. Which one of the following measures is NOT taken by institutions to solve the problem?5.下列哪项措施不是学校为了解决该问题而采取的？A More consunseling centers are set up in schools and the access to them is much easier.A 学校成立了更多的咨询中心使学生们能够更加容易地得到相关服务。B Websites are established for students to release their depression and report anonymously their own problems.B 为学生建立了许多网站来舒缓他们的消沉情绪、使他们能够匿名报告他们的问题。C More psychiatrists are available for students.C 有更多的精神病医师可以为学生服务。D Precautionary systems are launched in many universities and are given significant emphasis.D 许多大学已经设立了预防系统并给与了足够的重视。答案B难度系数 分析 细节题。文章最后一段讲述了学校采取的一些措施，选项A，文章提到了一些学校增加了咨询办公室；选项B，文章提到的网站是供学生和教员发现一些学院问题和行为问题后放在网站上，该网站由院长办公室、教职员工、住宅职员、校园警察和咨询中心的代表组成的干涉小组来监控。该网站不是让学生舒缓消沉情绪的，文章中也没有提到是否匿名，因此该陈述不正确。C, 也提到了这一点。D，最后一段提到了涉及到整个大学团体的早期警告系统在许多学校都是优先的，因此，该选项也是正确的。B选项为正确答案。参考译文：弗吉尼亚科技学院四月份发生了一起惨案，Seung Hui Cho杀死了32名学生和教师，然后自杀。该惨案的教训使得全国的学院和大学都迫切审视本校提供的心理服务的范围和效果。这样做不仅是为了避免再次发生精神混乱的学生引起的惨案，也是为了应对目前学生的需求，特别是那些有饮食混乱、精神分裂症、双重混乱和消沉的学生。根据美国校园健康协会的年度调查，在15年内大学学生消沉的比率翻了倍，去年大约45%的学生称他们感觉过于压抑而无法正常生活。9%的大学学生曾认真考虑过自杀。 “弗吉尼亚科技学院引发得主要问题是：你什么时候能辨认出学生有严重问题？你会采取什么措施，你如何调整对他的关照？” 哈佛大学心理服务中心主任即the Overwhelmed大学创立者Richard Kadison说道。上周，Kadison和来自全国其他学院的精神病专家齐聚在华盛顿特区，希望可以找到满足这种需求的更好方法。许多学校发现这种变化是一个非常大的挑战。比如，大约65%的学校咨询服务中心和健康中心之间没有联系，这使得控制需要药物治疗的疾病非常困难。只有59%的学校拥有一个精神病医师。提高专业技术所需要的资金也很难找到。弗吉尼亚科技学院惨案发生后没几天,佛罗里达大学管理层申请350万美元用于雇佣更多的精神病医师和校园警官，并建立跨学科团队以便更好地发现有问题的学生。立法机构否决了这一申请。南佛罗里达大学顾问和学生的比率为1比3500；在康耐尔大学，每800名学生有1位顾问。专家称家长应当在送孩子上学时应考察学校的心理卫生资源，确保咨询部门知道每个学生的历史。“持续关心是非常重要的，这样可以确保学生不会有严重的问题，不会有不必要的压力和紧张。”赖特州立大学医学院精神病学主席Jerald Kay这样说。一些带头开展行动的机构的是要加倍努力发现需要帮助的学生，并随时提供帮助。一些学院，如康耐尔和威斯康星大学在宿舍和学院大楼中都增加了咨询办公室，使学生可以随时可以咨询。康奈尔有两个顾问，其主要工作是与教员交谈，以找出问题的最先迹象。伊利诺斯大学要求那些可能或试图自杀的学生参加长达四个学期的心理健康评估。涉及到整所大学的预警系统在许多学校都是优先的。比如，在纽约州特罗伊的Rensselaer工学院，全体教职员工可以将学术和行为问题放在网站上，该网站由院长办公室、教职员工、住宅职员、校园警察和咨询中心的代表组成的干涉小组来监控。该小组会定期会面，以给出适当的回应。TEXT THREEThe partygoers who gathered on a small farm outside campus were not your typical gaggle of business school students. Sure, some would soon move on to plum jobs at investment banks and oil companies, but instead of traditionally celebrating their success, they opted for a sellout party. The event was held by students at the University of Michigan Erb Institute, a three-year, dual-degree program between the universitys business and natural resources schools. Most of the institutes students are environmental advocates first, business people second, yet see the importance of money in making a difference. They represent a small but growing cadre of M.B.A.-wielding social activists who plan to bring about change, one PowerPoint presentation at a time.Greg Shopoff, a third-year student at the Erb Institute, studied geology at Colorado College and briefly considered going into environmental law. But he found the legal profession too slow for his tastes and opted for business school. If you can harness the impact of business for good, he says, you have the potential for larger-scale change in a shorter period of time. More students have begun thinking like Shopoff, and business schools clearly see the shift. At the Erb Institute, director Tom Lyon notes the program has grown from five new students a year to as many as 25. The sheer number of business school classes like Corporate Social Responsibility and Competitive Environmental Strategy is up across the country, and school officials say students are asking for more conferences, lectures, and workshops on social and environmental stewardship. This generation has grown up with a much higher global awareness, says Kriss Deiglmeier, director of the Stanford School of Business Center for Social Innovation. They see what kind of problems were facing and want to be engaged in solving them.On the hiring side of the job market, recruiters from both non- and for-profits are looking increasingly for this type of multifaceted talent. In the nonprofit sector, the push makes good business sense. More money is now at stake within mission-based organizations than just a couple of years ago, and nonprofits compete more fiercely with one another for funds and with corporations for government contracts. A decade ago, nonprofits would not have appreciated as much how useful an M.B.A. would be, says Sharon Oster, director of the Yale School of Management Program on Social Enterprise. Now there are more opportunities for M.B.A. grads to move into that sector. Corporations provide the rest of the rising demand for these students, especially as they see that environmental values can help boost the bottom line. Both companies and environmental consulting groups are hiring. Environmental Defensea nonprofit advocacy group that partnered with FedEx to promote its hybrid electric fleet and also helped McDonalds phase out Styrofoam packagingactively seeks out multidisciplinary employees who understand environmental issues but use business acumen to address them.The intersection between financial know-how and social responsibility is not really newjust look at the number of CEOs on the boards of nonprofits and charities. But as M.B.A. programs have stepped up, schools serve not only as the nexus between corporate America and students but also as the link between business savvy and the need for social and environmental advocacy.1. Students at the University of Michigan Erb Institute held the party probably in order to_A promote the three-year, dual-degree program.B attract the attention of investment banks and oil companies.C work out measures to solve environmental problems.D raise a fund for environmental protection.2. Greg Shopoff chose to study business rather than environmental law because_A he was more interested in business than in legal profession. B he thought business was a shortcut for him to become an influential person.C he wanted to solve the environmental problems through business that he can make better use of.D he thought legal procedures is not efficient in harnessing the impact of business for good.3. Nonprofits need to hire more M.B.A. graduates now than a decade ago because_A there are more vacancies in nonprofits than before.B nonprofits are now also doing business to earn more money.C nonprofits need to be more efficient so as to be more competitive. D nonprofits have to compete with for-profits for funds now.4. The case of Environmental Defense implies that _A nonprofit is united with for-profit to make common efforts in environment protection. B corporations are in great need of multifaceted organizations to work with companies on environmental issues.C nonprofit organizations are switching more attention on environmental business. D nonprofit organizations are helping business to be more environmentally friendly through business practices.5. By this passages, the author tries to show that_A business world is turning its attention to integrating business with environmental issues.B business corporations can be united with nonprofits in environmental protection.C multidisciplinary students are increasingly popular in nonprofits as well as in corporations.D there is a trend for business students to making use of business acumen for advocating environmental protection.文章剖析：这篇文章介绍了目前一些致力于环境保护的学生选择学习商业以求曲线救国。第一段由一群商业学生的聚会为契因引出这些学生的真正目的；第二段讲述目前有越来越多的学生通过学习商业来改变环境现状；第三、四段讲述目前非盈利机构和公司都需要雇用这种学生；第五段讲述了金融与社会责任相结合的例子。词汇注释：gaggle n.一群plum n. 好东西，好工作wield v. 支配, 掌握sheer adj. 绝对的stewardship n. 工作， 职位 acumen n. 洞察力savvy n. 实际知识难句突破：(1) Sure, some would soon move on to plum jobs at investment banks and oil companies, but instead of traditionally celebrating their success, they opted for a sellout party.主体句式 Some would move on, but they opted for结构分析 这是一个复杂句，后面分句中instead of 是句子的状语。句子译文 当然他们中很快有人就会去投资银行或石油公司从事好的工作，但是他们现在并不是在庆祝自己成功就业，而是在选择一个“宣传会”的形式。(2) The sheer number of business school classes like Corporate Social Responsibility and Competitive Environmental Strategy is up across the country, and school officials say students are asking for more conferences, lectures, and workshops on social and environmental stewardship.主体句式 The sheer number is up and school officials say结构分析 这是一个并列句；前面分局中，like是做school classes的定语；后面一个分句有一个宾语从句。句子译文 全国各地商业学校都在开更多像“共同社会责任”、“竞争环境策略”之类的课程，学院官员称学生希望有更多有关社会和环境工作的会议、讲座及研讨会。题目分析：1. Students at the University of Michigan Erb Institute held the party probably in order to_1. 密歇根大学Erb学院的学生举办这次聚会是为了_A promote the three-year, dual-degree program.A 宣传为期三年的双学位项目。B attract the attention of investment banks and oil companies.B 吸引投资银行和石油公司的注意。C work out measures to solve the environmental problems.C 找出解决环境问题的方法来。D raise a fund for environmental protection.D 为环境保护募集基金。答案C难度系数 分析推理题。文章第一段指出这些学生不是一般的学商业的学生，他们举行聚会不是为了庆祝自己已经在好的公司找到了工作，他们是环境保护倡议者，这是他们的第一身份。他们计划可以改变目前的现状，也就是环境的现状，那么，选项中C是符合题意的，D选项没有提到这一点。2. Greg Shopoff chose to study business rather than environmental law because_2. Greg Shopoff 选择学习商业而不是学习环境法是因为_A he was more interested in business than in legal profession.A 他对商业比对法律更感兴趣。B he thought business was a shortcut for him to become an influential person.B他认为学习商业是使自己成为有影响人士的捷径。C he wanted to solve the environmental problems through business that he can make better use of.C他想要通过利用商业手段来解决环境问题。D he thought legal procedures can not harness the impact of business for good.D他认为法律程序不能阻止商业对环境的影响。答案C难度系数 分析推理题。文章第二段提到Greg一开始考虑研究环境法，但是他发现法律专业对于他的嗜好来说太慢了，于是选择了商业。根据上下文，他的爱好是保护环境。他认为，如果能够控制商业影响，那么在短时间内就能发生极大变化。选项C符合题意，D他只是觉得法律程序过慢，但不一定不能阻止。3. Nonprofits need to hire more M.B.A. graduates now than a decade ago because_3. 相比十几年前，非盈利组织需要雇佣更多的工商管理硕士毕业生这是因为_A there are more vacancies in nonprofits than before.A相比以前非盈利组织中有更多的空职。B nonprofits are now also doing business to earn more money.B 非盈利组织也经营商业来赚钱。C nonprofits need to be more efficient so as to be more competitive.C非盈利组织需要更加有效率，从而增加竞争力。D nonprofits have to compete with for-profits for funds now.D非盈利组织需要和盈利机构竞争基金。答案C难度系数 分析细节题。文章第三段提到相比前几年，非盈利机构要和别的机构竞争基金，也要和公司竞争政府合同，因此，才需要工商管理人才，选项中C最为符合题意。4. The case of Environmental Defense implies that _4.“环境保护”组织的例子说明了_A nonprofit is united with for-profit to make common efforts in environment protection.A在保护环境问题上非盈利组织和赢利组织共同努力。B corporations are in great need of multifaceted organizations to work with companies on environmental issues.B公司对跨学科学生需求量很大、从而能够与那些专注环境问题的公司合作。C nonprofit organizations are switching more attention on environmental issues.C非盈利组织现在也把更多的注意力转移到环境问题上。D nonprofit organizations are helping business to be more environmentally friendly through business practices.D非盈利组织现在在帮助商业企业在其商业行为中更加环保。答案D难度系数 分析 推理题。第四段提到了“环境保护”组织和FedEx一起促进使用混合电力车，也帮助麦当劳逐步停止使用聚乙烯塑料包装，积极寻求综合性的员工，他们懂得环境知识,也可以使用商业知识来进行工作。结合上下文，这个例子还是为了说明该组织希望公司在商业行为中加强环保。因此，D选项最为符合题意。5. By this passages, the author tries to show that_5.通过这篇文章，作者想要告诉我们_A business world is turning its attention to integrating business with environmental issues.A商业世界将其注意力转移到了把商业和环境问题联系起来。B business corporations can be united with nonprofits in environmental protection.B在环保方面商业公司可以与非盈利组织联合。C multidisciplinary students are increasingly popular in nonprofits as well as in corporations.C非盈利组织和公司都越来越需要跨学科学生。D there is a trend for business students to make use of business acumen for advocating environmental protection.D有一种趋势是商业学生利用他们的商业敏感性来推进对环境的保护。答案D难度系数 分析 主旨题。这篇文章讲述了许多致力于环境保护的学生学习了商业，希望通过这种方式最终可以更好更快地解决环境问题，那么这也就说明了学生们倾向于将环境问题和商业敏感性结合起来的趋向，因此选项中D最为符合。参考译文：在校外一家小农场开聚会的那群人可不是那种一般的商学院学生。当然他们中很快有人就会去投资银行或石油公司从事好的工作，但是他们现在并不是在庆祝自己成功就业，而是在选择一个“宣传会”的形式。这个活动由密歇根大学Erb学院的学生举办，是该大学商业学院和自然资源学院为期三年的 双学位项目。该学院大部分学生首先是环保倡导者，然后才是商业人士，他们发现金钱可以改变现状。他们代表一小群正在发展壮大的希望能带来改变的MBA社会活动者，每次都会有一个幻灯片展示。Greg Shopoff是Erb学院的三年级学生，他在科罗拉多学院学习地质学，现在暂时考虑研究环境法。但是他发现法律专业于他的兴趣而言进度太慢，于是选择了商业学院。“如果你可以一直控制商业影响，”他说，“你就有可能在很短的时间内促生极大的变化。”现在有越来越多的学生与Shopoff的想法是一样的，而商业学院也发现了这种变化。在Erb 学院，主任Tom Lyon发现该项目已经从一开始的每年5个学生发展为现在的25个。全国各地商业学校都在开更多像“共同社会责任”、“竞争环境策略”之类的课程，学院官员称学生希望有更多有关社会和环境工作的会议、讲座及研讨会。“这一代是在更高的全球意识中生长起来的，”斯坦福大学商业中心负责社会创新的Kriss Deighmeier说，“他们明白我们面对的是什么样的问题，希望可以参与进解决过程中来。”在人才市场，盈利或非盈利机构的招聘人员也在寻找这种多面的人才。在非盈利机构，这种趋势有很好的商业意义。比起前几年，盈利机构更难要多的资金，而非盈利机构为了得到更多资助而彼此激烈竞争同时为了拿到政府合同而与盈利机构竞争。“十年之前，非盈利机构还不明白一个工商管理硕士的价值，”耶鲁大学社会事业管理项目学院 主任Sharon Oster说道，“现在工商管理硕士到这些部门工作的机会多了。”公司将自己日益增加的职位提供给了这类学生，尤其当他们发现环境价值可以帮助推进账本底线。公司和环境咨询机构都在雇佣此类人才。“环境保护”是一家非盈利的宣传机构，和FedEx一起促进混合电力车的使用，也帮助麦当劳逐步停止使用聚乙烯塑料包装，该机构积极寻求综合性的员工，他们既懂得环境知识，又可以使用商业知识来工作。金融方面的知识与社会责任的结合并不是新颖，看看那些非盈利机构和慈善团体董事会中首席执行官的数量就可以明白这一点。但是随着工商管理项目的增加，学校不仅仅是美国商业界和学生之间的连结，而且也是商业知识和社会环境宣传的连接。TEXT FOURBack in 2000, Steve Ballmer, Microsofts chief executive, described a grand vision for the future of health care. One day, he said, everyone would have a secure and private website on the internet on which their doctors could post their “scans, lab results, test results, visit minutes”, and to which the owner could grant certain people access, to view some or all of that information. His ideas met with guffaws from the old lags of the industry, who have seen many fancy schemes for electronic medical records fall flat. Americas health sector is simply too balkanised and too paper-based to stitch together easily in digital form. Even Mr Ballmer conceded back then that he was searching for the “holy grail” of healthcare.And yet, after years of frustration and furious development work, Microsoft now believes it has realised Mr Ballmers dream. On October 4th, the software giant was poised to unveil its new health-information product at a big event in Washington, DC. It is called the Health Vault, in keeping with Microsofts promise to make storing data on the internet just as secure as keeping it in a bank. Health Vault will store all its customers health data, ranging from test results to doctors reports to daily measurements of weight or blood pressure, online. Individuals then have access to those records anytime, anywhere, via the interneta great boon for those who travel a lot. Medical offices and hospitals who sign up for the service could easily send test results in digital form to the vault, and patients could authorise them in turn to have access to various, carefully circumscribed bits of their personal data. Microsoft was also set to announce this week that several dozen manufacturers, hospitals and charities have signed up for Health Vault. Big names including the American heart, diabetes and lung associations, the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, and Omron and Texas Instruments, in addition to various firms devoted to the craze for “wellness”, are all now on board, and are expected to announce products and services shortly. If the software giant has really found a hacker-proof way of storing records online, then the benefits of Health Vault are clear. But use of the vaults will be free both for the individuals that sign up for them and for the vendors and doctors that provide services based on the information they contain. So how will Microsoft make any money?Sean Nolan of Microsoft explains that the business model depends on one thing: targeted search. Microsoft is betting that people will use its Health Vault Search to find out about their ailments. This service relies on an approach known as “vertical search” which attempts to provide more relevant results than generalist search engines like Google and Yahoo! by specialising in a particular field. The firms recent acquisition of Medstory, a vertical-search engine focusing on health care, has given it a boost in this area.Health Vaults search engine would definitely work better than those of rival sites if it could examine users health records and past queries, and thus provide the responses that are most relevant to each individuals situation. But in order to attract any users in the first place, Microsoft has promised to enforce strict privacy rules. These would preclude such data-mining. 1. The old lags of the industry did not think highly of Ballmers scheme because_A Ballmers scheme sounded too fantastic and far-fetched to be true.B Balmer lacked technology proof to back up his ideas.C They had witnessed too many failures of attempts to realize such schemes.D Americas health sector is too stubborn and is reluctant to change for the digital.2. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Health Vault? A Individuals can have access to the medical records of anybody anytime via the internet.B Those who travel a lot will greatly benefit from services of Health Vault.C Hospitals who sign up for the service could improve their efficiency by Health Vault.D Health Vault is a software invented by Microsoft. 3. The main problem of Health Vault faces is _A that it will be difficult for Vault to make profit during the beginning phase.B that the software may be trapped in the dilemma of customer privacy and convenient data search.C that it has to adopt the “vertical search” which is not the companys strength.D that Microsoft does not have powerful search engines as Google and Yahoo! Do.4. Microsoft will make money in Health Vault by_A attracting customers with the enforcement of strict privacy rules.B providing a charging platform for the communication of patients and hospitals.C cooperating with big hospitals and charities by providing useful customer information.D providing highly specialized service with high efficiency.5. Compared with Google and Yahoo, the advantage of Health Vault Search is_A that its technology far advanced that of the other two.B that it is more effective for those who need a special aspect of information.C that it specializes on the information of ailment diagnosis.D that its business model is more promising and profitable.文章剖析：这篇文章介绍了微软医疗保健软件“健康库”。文章第一段讲述微软Ballmer2000年提到的一种健康记录方案；第二段讲述了微软实现了自己的设想“健康库”；第三段讲述目前健康库使用情况；第四、五段讲述微软主要利用建立搜索引擎来盈利。词汇注释：guffaw n. 哄笑balkanise v. 使割据poised adj. 泰然自若地boon n. 福利circumscribe v. 确定、限制ailment n. 疾病难句突破：(1) One day, he said, everyone would have a secure and private website on the internet on which their doctors could post their “scans, lab results, test results, visit minutes”, and to which the owner could grant certain people access, to view some or all of that information.主体句式 He said everyone would have a websit on whichand to which结构分析这是一个简单句，在宾语从句中，两个引导which的定语从句都用来修饰website；在which引导的后一个定语从句中，to view 是目的状语。句子译文 他说，有那么一天，每个人在互联网上都会拥有安全的私人网站，医生可以将他们的“扫描图、化验结果、检查结果、来访时间”等信息贴在网站上，而用户自己也可以赋予某些人访问权利，使他们可以看到部分或全部信息。(2) Big names including the American heart, diabetes and lung associations, the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, and Omron and Texas Instruments, in addition to various firms devoted to the craze for “wellness”, are all now on board, and are expected to announce products and services shortly.主体句式 Big names are all now on board and are结构分析 这是一个简单句，由两个并列的谓语。主语中，including和in addition to都是big names的定语。句子译文 除了全力追求“健康”狂热的各种公司外，一些有名的机构如美国心脏、糖尿病、肺部协会，纽约长老会医院、欧姆龙和德克萨斯器械公司现在都是榜上有名，近期有望宣布其产品和服务。题目分析：1.The old lags of the industry did not think highly of Ballmers scheme because
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