unit6 William Wordsworth(课堂PPT)

1、1English literature of Early Nineteenth CenturyThe period of Romanticism2Social background the Industrial Revolution major social conflict (industrial capitalist vs. proletariat) find expression of their political pursuits in spontaneous struggles and movements the French Revolution liberty, equalit

2、y, fraternityRomanticism, a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement, came into existence.3Romanticism It trumpets dissonant ideas against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightment. It was strongly represented in visual arts, music and literature. Representative

3、figures Beethoven, Chopin, Wagner, Gericault, Delacroix, Hugo, Stendhal, Pushkinfind in strong emotions a source of aesthetic experience so as to put emphasis on experiences felt when confronting natures sublimity and picturesqueness.45English Romanticism nBeginning: Lyrical Ballads in 1798nEssence:

4、 reflect all that is spontaneous and unaffected in nature and man.nBest medium: poetrynEnd: death of Walter Scott in 1832 Romanticistsn passive romanticists: Coleridge and Wordsworthn turn to past for the ideal by the way of revolt against capitalist developmentn active romanticists: Byron and Shell

5、ey, Keatsn praise of the newly born proletariat and an ideal future society free of oppression and exploitationn essays of Lamb and novels of Austen and ScottEnglish Romanticism n Main features: Imagination Imagination is the supreme faculty of the mind. Imagination can change and create. Imaginatio

6、n can unify different elements into a complex whole. Suggested poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel ColeridgeEnglish Romanticism Idealization of Nature Nature has a healing power. Nature is a source of subject and image. Nature is a refuge from the artificial constructs of civilization. th

7、at Nature never did betray the heart that loved her. -Wordsworth Suggest poem Wordsworths Tintern Abbey English Romanticism Individualism Man is the center of all concern. Romanticists emphasized the dignify of man. Man is an individual in a solitary state. Romanticists valued the exploration and ev

8、aluation of the inner self. Suggest poem: George Byrons Childe Harolds Pilgrimage English Romanticism Glorification of the commonplace materials: the natural, the commonplace, the simple common incidents and situations natural diction and language Suggested poem: The Solitary Reaper by WordsworthEng

9、lish Romanticism The lure of the exotic Wordsworth and Coleridge: lived by the riverside Byron and Shelly: self-imposed exile expanded the imaginary horizons spatially and chronologically -the middle ages -the distant placesallow free play to the supernatural Suggested poem: Coleridges Kubla KhanWil

10、liam Wordsworth (1770-1850)nA leader of English Romanticism nA lake poet nPoet of nature14William Wordsworth He was born into a lawyers family in 1770 at Cockermouth, Cumberland. His parents died when he was very young. He was taken in charge by relatives. He got his education at the Grammar School

11、of Hawkshead. He was a worshipper of nature from his childhood.Wordsworths birthplace in Cockermouth, CumberlandLake District17The Lake District18Lake District20William Wordsworth In 1787, he started his education at St. Johns College, Cambridge, from which he graduated with B.A. in 1791. He had gre

12、at sympathy with the French Revolution. He paid 2 visits to France. In 1795 he and his sister Dorothy settled down in Racedown, Dorsetshire. In 1797 he met Coleridge and they started a friendship considered as one of the most extraordinary in English literature. In 1798, Wordsworth and Coleridge pub

13、lished their Lyrical Ballads. 21William Wordsworth In 1798 and 1799, he made a tour around Germany. Wordsworth was totally disillusioned by the Jacobin dictatorship and the French invasion of other European countries. He became conservative in politics. Upon his return to England, he and his sister

14、retired to Dove Cottage in Grasmere, the most beautiful place in the Lake District. Coleridge & Robert Southey lived a stones throw from their dwelling place. The three poets came to be known as Lake Poets. In 1802, Wordsworth got married to Mary Hutchingson. In 1813, he got a sinecure job as di

15、stributor of stamps.Grasmere in Lake District and Dove Cottage23William Wordsworth In 1842, he received the government pension and in the following year, he succeeded Southey as Poet Laureate. He died at Rydal Mount on April 23rd 1850 and was buried in the Grasmere churchyard.Old Residence of Willia

16、m Wordsworthin Rydal MountGravestone of Wordsworth, Grasmere26Wordsworths major works Wordsworths fame lies chiefly in his short poems. His short poems fall into 2 categories: poems about nature and human life. He is a “worshipper of nature”. His best known poems of nature include: I Wandered Lonely

17、 as a Cloud, Tintern Abbey, To the Cuckoo, My Heart Leaps up, To a Butterfly, An Evening Walk. His best known poems about human life include: Lucy Poems, The Solitary Reaper , The Old Cumberland Beggar, Michael.27Wordsworths major works Wordsworth wrote many sonnets. His famous sonnets are: Upon Wes

18、tminster Bridge, On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic, 威尼斯共和国的毁灭威尼斯共和国的毁灭 & Thought of a Briton on the Subjugation of Switzerland. 一个英国人对征服瑞士的思考一个英国人对征服瑞士的思考 His best known long poem is The Prelude. In this poem Wordsworth analyzes the growth of his poetic genius during his childhood and y

19、outh, and recalls the lessons he owes to nature. Wordsworths greatest contribution to English literature is his poems and his Preface to The Lyrical Ballads. 28Preface to Lyrical Ballads Though The Lyrical Ballads is known as the collaborated work of Wordsworth and Coleridge, all the poems but one (

20、The Rime of The Ancient Mariner) are written by Wordsworth. Most of his most quoted poem are taken from this collection. Wordsworths Preface (1800) to Lyrical Ballads is the manifesto of English Romanticism. He is primarily concerned to justify the kind of his poems which he had contributed to Lyric

21、al Ballads.29Key points in his Preface Definition of a poet He ( poet) is a man speaking to men: a man, it is true, endowed with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness, who has a greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul, than are supposed to be common among m

22、ankind.30Key points in his Preface Creative process of authentic poetry Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotio

23、n, kindred (similar) to that which before was the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind. In this mood successful composition generally begins31Key points in his Preface Subject matter & poetic language The principal objectwas to choose incide

24、nts and situations from common life, and to relate or describe them, throughout, as far as was possible in a selection of language really used by men , and at the same time, to throw over them a certain coloring of imagination, whereby ordinary things should be presented in an unusual aspect32Key po

25、ints in his Preface Humble and rustic life was generally chosen, because, in that condition, the essential passions of the heart find a better soil in which they can attain their maturity The language, too, of these men has been adopted (purified indeed from what appear to be its real defects, from

26、all lasting and rational causes of dislike or disgust) because such men hourly communicate with the best objects from which the best part of language is originally derived.33His Features 1) A poet of natureSensitive to every subtle change in the world around himBest at the truthful presentation of n

27、atureFinding abundant beauty in the common world.City life tends to weaken and pervert humanity; a return to nature and its simple way of life is the only remedy for human wretchedness2) The common life The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes.3) Simple, colloquial language34Wordswor

28、th is regarded as a worshipper of nature. He can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature, and one that takes us to the core of Wordsworths poetic beliefs. 3536I Wandered Lon

29、ely as a Cloud(To Daffodils)I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils:Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkl

30、e on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.I Wandered Lonely as a CloudThe waves beside them danced; but theyOutdid the sparkling waves in glee;A poet could not but be gay;In such a jocund comp

31、any;I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils. I Wandered Lonely as a CloudQuest

32、ions for DiscussionnWhat is your general impression on this poem? nWhat does the image of cloud suggest to you? nWhat has cheered the poet up?nWhat has the poet meditated from what he has described? And the theme?nDo you think that nature can have the healing effect on mind?nPay attention to the ten

33、se used in this poem. What does it indicate?Question 1nWhat is your general impression on this poem? Question 2 nWhat does the image of cloud suggest to you? nI wandered lonely as a cloud-lonelinessnThat floats on-aimlessnessnHigh over vales and hills-solitude, isolation, aloofnessLoneliness, isolat

34、ion, solitude, aimlessness, aloofnessnCloud represents the feelings of the speaker (the poet) essentially. Question 3nWhat has cheered the poet up? And how? na host of golden daffodils, nfluttering, dancing and glittering daffodilsnShine and twinkle as the starsnStretched endlesslynThe cloud-like po

35、et is deeply attracted by the beauty of the nature and turns to be high-spirited, instead of being lonely any more.Question 4nWhat has the poet meditated from what he has described? And the theme?nIn loneliness or in low spirit, the recollection of the nature beauty brings him “the bliss” and “pleas

36、ure” in his heart. nTherefore the idea of going back to nature is advocated and clearly expressed in this poem. Question 5nDo you think that nature can have the healing effect on mind?47484950Question 6nPay attention to the tense used in this poem. What does it indicate?npast tensenthe recollection

37、of the past experience will arouse a new sense of the old memories“what wealth the show to me had brought”“the bliss of solitude/ flash upon that inward eye”Quotes“Poetry takes its origin from emotion recollections in tranquility tranquil contemplation of an emotional experience matures the feeling

38、and sensation, and makes possible the creation of good poetry like the mellow of old wine”. - William WordsworthSummary of the poemnWhat does the poem impress you most? nUse of imagenVivid description of naturenDaily language 54Appreciation of the Poem: The four six-line stanzas of this poem follow

39、a quatrain-couplet rhyme scheme: ABABCC. Each line is metered in iambic tetrameter. The language: simplicity and purity Tone: merry and relaxing The poem can be divided into two parts: scenery and emotion. The plot is extremely simple, depicting the poets wandering and his discovery of a field of daffodils by a lake, the memory of which pleases him and comforts him when he is lonely, b