新概念英语第二册语法精粹：名词性从句(3)宾语从句

1、新概念英语第二册语法精粹：名词性从句（ 3）宾语从句（三）宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语。1. that 引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。that 不引导介词的宾语从句，至于 except that, in that, save that, but that 等是复合从属连词。I know （that） you have met him.Let's suppose that one day this happens to you.在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如：I told him （that） he was wrong.在少数动词如： think, bel

2、ieve, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like 等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句 谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移。（hope “希望”，guess “认 为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。 I hope not. “我希望不是那样的”， 是 I hope so. 的否定式。 I don't hope so. 是对 hope 的否定：“我不 希望如此”。）如：I don't think i

3、t will be very cold today.I don't think you are right.I don't believe he has finished his work. 非必须否定转移。若需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移 不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都理解为否定宾语从句，要根 据句意或语境而定。I don't think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise.We didn't think we'd be this late. 当 think 用在疑问句中，或主句中的谓语动词与状语

4、连用，或主句中的谓语动词被 do 强调时，不能否定转移。Why do you think we can't change your note?I do believe Tom never tells a lie.They still didn't believe that the food would come.I can't believe that they are married. 否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去实行时、现在完成时、现 在完成实行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用，就不能否定转移。此时 若主句动词为否定，

5、应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定。I had thought that he would not come.我已经想到了他不能来了。 当宾语从句中有 no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit,not.enough, can't help doing等时不能否定转移。I think I can't help laughing if I see it.I believe he never tells a lie.很多带宾语补足语的句子要用 it 作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于 句尾。We think it wrong that he told a

6、lie to everyone.We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance.2. whether, if 引导宾语从句：表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用 if 。He asked if she would come.注意下列情况下 whether 不可用 if 换：1) 引导主语从句置于句首时。2) whether 后没有单词间隔而直接跟 or not 时。I don't know whether or not he will come.3) whether 从句作介词宾语时。They are talking a

7、bout whether he will win the game.Everything depends on whether you agree with us.4) whether 后接不定式时。I don't know whether to attend the meeting.5) 动词 discuss, decide 的宾语从句时。3. 连接代词 what, who, whose 等引导的宾语从句。Tell me what you want.Do you know who will come at the meeting?注意：who, whom按照传统语法，从句中 who所

8、取代的名词如果是宾 语应用宾格whom但在口语中常用 who,如：Do you know whom (who) he will invite?whose, which, what 三个词都带有形容词性质。 whose表示所有, 意为“谁的”； which 意为“哪一个”， what 意为“什么”。如：Whose book it is not important.Please tell me which school you want to go.He didn't know what time it was.一般说来， which 指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小 范围；而

9、what 则指较广的或不明确的范围。如： which food ，说话人 一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种 food ；what food 则指很多 food ，而 且说话人心中没有数。I don't know which / what food you want.如果范围较大或者没有什么范围，用 what food 。4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。I don't know when the meeting will be held.Please tell me where I can find Tom.He explained to

10、me why he was absent from the meeting.Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?5. 可用 whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever 等引 导宾语从句。Please write down whatever he is saying.I don't know whoever will come.I'll do whatever you ask me to.6. 表示爱憎情感的动词，如： enjoy, hate, love, like,

11、 dislike, don't mind, resent, appreciate （感激）等以及某些介词结尾的短 语动词如： count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forwardto, be fond of, feel like, see to 等后，即使没有宾补也要先接形 式宾语 it ，再接宾语从句。I like it when she smiles at me.I love it when you sing.I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public.除了 but, besides, e

12、xcept, in, save, beyond 六个介词后跟 that 引导的宾语从句外，其他介词都不能。 in that 是“因为”的意思，其 余五个与that搭配都是“除了”。专项训练：1 、Do you know how much hot water ?A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need2 、Can you tell me ?A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he3 、I didn't know how to London?A.w

13、ould they go B.are they going C.they would goD.they are going4 、I want to know how long .A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been backD.he has come back5 、 Do you know ?A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news6 、 He said he would help me with my maths if he free.A.was B.will be C.would be D.is7 、 He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get8 、 Father music when he youngA.liked was B.liked is C.likeswas D.likes is9 、I liked sports I was youn