高三英语一轮复习---定语从句讲义

1、定语从句（一）基本概念1 .由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容， 这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2 .关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修 饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。关系词的分类和基本用法表分类指代引导词关系代词人who, whom, that, as事物which, that, as人或物（表所属关系）whose关系副词地点where时间when原因why表二关系代词指代例句解释who人The man who helped you is Mr White.在定从中

2、作主语whomThat is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定从中作宾语，可省略whoseHe is the father whose son studies very well in our class.在定从中作定语thatI m not the fool that you thought me to be.在定从中作表语asHe is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.在定从中作宾语that事物The only thing that we can do is to give y

3、ou some advice.在定从中作宾语whichA dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words在定从中作主语whoseHe lives in a room whose window faces south在定从中作定语asIt is such a big stone as_nobody can lift.在定从中作宾语整句内容As is known to all, he is the best student.在定从中作主语表二关系副词指代例句解释when时间Would you suggest a tim

4、e when we can have a talk?在定从中作状语where地点The house where they live is not very large.在定从中作状语why原因This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.在定从中作状语（二）定语从句的注意点本部分的内容比较复杂，为便于考生一目了然，我们试图用表格的形式呈现给考生。l.that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别情 况用法说明例 句只用that的情 况先 行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, li

5、ttle, much,等不定代词时先行词被all, any, every, each, much,little, no, some, few 等修饰时先行词后形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被the only, the very修饰时句中已经有 who或which时，为了避免 重复时 He told me everything that he knows. All the books that you offered has been given out. This is the best film that I have ever read. We talked abou

6、t the persons and things that we remembered. He is the only man that I want to see. Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom 的 情况在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 中，只能用 which指物，whom指人。先行词本身是 that时，关系词用 which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用 who。 He has a son, who has gone a

7、broad for further study. I like the person to whom the teacheris talking. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.只用 that, in which或小用 关系词的情况the way做先行词时 Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you. I was struck by the beauty of the way in

8、which she stood. What surprised me was not what he said buthe said it.A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which2.as、which 和 that 的区别从句区 另1J例 句限制性 定语从句中名词前后such和the same修饰时，关 系代词用as不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Don' t read such books as you can' understand.非限制性 定语从

9、句中as和which都可以指代前回整个主句。 如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放 在上句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as; 而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并 无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn' expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.the same. as 和 the same .thatthe same. as指同类事物the same .that 指原物That&

10、#39;s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）That's the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。tt3. where、when与why引导的定语从句关系副词用 法例 句where关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能 在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名 词必须是表示（具体或抽象的）地点的名 词。Wd re just trying to teach a pointbothsides will sit down together and talk.A. whereB. th

11、at C. when D.whichwhen关系副词 when引导定语从句时，只能 在定语从句中作时间状语， 其修饰的名 词必须是表示时间的名词。There wastimeI hatedto go to school.A. a; thatB. a; whenC. the; thatD. the ; whenwhy关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能 在定语从句中作原因状语， 其修饰的名 词必须是表示原因的名词。Do you know the reason why she was put into prison ?你知道她坐牢的正因吗？4.介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介

12、词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现 介词+关系代词"。先行词指物，用 介词+which/whose”指人则用 介词+whom/whos3 ,且两个 关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：原则内 容例 句原则一根据定语从句中谓语动词与 先行词的搭配内容而定I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. BeforeI could recognize who she was , she had run back in the directionshe had come.A.of which B.by which

13、 C.in whichD.fromwhich解析此题考查由介，+关系代词”引导的定语从句，根据句董用from which Wtk所来的那个方向,故答案选D原则二根据先行诃而定There are two buildings ,stands nearly ahundred feet high.A. the largerB. the larger of themC. the larger one thatD. the larger of which解析the larger of which 指代 the larger of the two buildings , which在定语从句中指代 buil

14、ding ,作 介词of的宾语，故答案为D。5.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先 行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读 是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。现 象例 句-Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right, just the oneyou know I used towork for years.A.that B. whichC.whereD.what在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think ,Is

15、uppose ,I guess ,I imagine 等。辨另1J的方去 掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。解析work是不及物动词，先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语， You know在句中作插入 语，所以答案选C。 He made another wonderful discovery ,ofimportance to science .A which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think is解析这里I think是插入语，which引导非限制:性定语从句，故选A。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状

16、语There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.仕太空中后成千上万的象太阳般的星 星。乍看、that引导的定语从句在名词 sky的后面， 似乎应该是修饰 sky的。但仔细一想，”不对啊， 天空怎么能象太阳呢？ “，原来 that引导 的te语从句被in the sky这个地点状语分隔开来，修饰中心词 stars。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed

17、 a diamond necklace?你还记得吗，十年前的rr午，我来到你家， 找你借了一条钻石项链？when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace实际上是修饰 afternoon而/、是修饰 years o ten years ago 实际上Mte语修饰 afternoon。先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行 词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓 语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语 之后A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

18、6.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别类另iJ区 另1J例 句定语从句 与 并列句定语从句与并列句的主要区别 在于：并列句后像 and, but, so 等并列连词或两个句子用分号 连接，这时就不能再用引导定语 从句的关系词了。 Mr Li has three daughters, none of is anengineer. Mr Li has three daughters, but none of is adancer.从结构上看，小题是定语从句，故填 whom;小题后并列连词 but,是并列句，故填代词them。定语从句 与状语从句定语从句的前向有名词作先行 词，而状语从句没有先行词。T

19、his is the place where we used to live a few years ago.这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place）Let's go where we can find a better job.我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词， 只能放在先行词的后面，而状语 从句说明动作发生的情况，并且 可以放在主句的前面。Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道 下课的时间吗？（定语从句）It was already five o 

20、9;clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o 'clock. 当下课时己经是 5点了。（时间状语从句）When, where和why在引导定语 从句时可以用“介词+which"的结构来替换，在引导状语从句 时却不行。This is the factory in which （where） his father once worked.这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句）Put back the book where it was.把书放回原处。（状语

21、 从句）定语从句中的关系词在从句中 充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它 则从句成分不完整；而结果状语 从句中的连接词在从句中不作 任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍 然完整。It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大 家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。（as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句）It is such an interesting book that we all like it.它本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。（that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）定语从句 与同位语从 句定语从句在复合句中相当于形 谷词，对先行词起

22、修饰、描述或 限制的作用，与先行词之间有从 属关系。同位语的作用相当于名 词，对前面的名词给予补充说明 或进一步解释，是前面名词的具 体内容，与先行词之间是同位关 系。The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句）此句中的同位语从句The news that she had passed theexam可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed theexam.The news that he told us interested all of us.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句）The news that he told us是正语从句，此句不能改与 为： The news is that he told us.定语从句 与 强调句强调句的结构为"It is/was +被 强调部分+ that+从句”。被强调 部分可以是除谓语以外的任何 成分，当被强调部分是人时，还 可用who代替that。这一句型中， 一