Unit 11 Health and Fitness CATTI三级笔译

1、幻灯片1Unit 11 Health and FitnessI. Text Translation AnalysisII. Translation Technique: DivisionIII. Classroom Exercises and CommentIV. Comment on the After-Class Exercise幻灯片2l Healthcare Reforml During the past two decades, all of the industrialized nations have enacted some form of healthcare reform.

2、 America is no exception. Just a few years ago, the U. S. was consumed by a vigorous public debate about healthcare. In the end, the debate reaffirmed that the U. S. would retain its essentially market-based system.l l 医疗改革l 过去二十年来，所有的工业国家都实施过某种形式的医疗改革，美国也不例外。就在几年前，美国掀起了一场轰轰烈烈的关于医疗改革的公众辩论。最终，这场辩论重新确

3、认美国应继续保留原有的基本上以市场为导向的医疗体制。 幻灯片3l Instead of reform imposed from the top down, the American healthcare system underwent some rather profound self-reform, driven by powerful market forces. The marketnot governmentmanaged to wring inflation out of the private healthcare market. l 美国的医疗体制未曾进行过自上而下的改革，而是

4、在强大的市场推动下经历了一些深刻的自我变革。私营医疗保健市场的水分，是依靠市场、而不是政府的作用来挤掉的。幻灯片4l Today, it appears that U. S. healthcare costs are again on the rise. At the same time, American patientslike patients elsewhereare becoming more vocal about restrictions many face in their healthcare plans. Talk of government-led reform is o

5、nce again in the air. l 如今，美国的医疗费用似乎再次呈上涨趋势。于此同时，和其他国家的病患一样，美国的病患对于他们医疗保健计划中所受到的种种限制也越来越怨声载道。让政府来领导医疗改革的话题又一次被提起。幻灯片5l We must think twice, though, before embarking on “reform” if that means imposing further restrictions on our healthcare markets. The more sensible course is to introduce policies th

6、at make the market work betterthat is, to the advantage of consumers. l 然而，政府所主导的医疗改革如果仅仅意味着加大对医疗市场的限制的话，那我们可要三思而后行了。其实，更为明智的做法是制定一些对消费者更为有利的政策，改善市场的运作。 幻灯片6l I base this argument on our companys decades of experience in healthcare systems around the world, which has given us a unique global perspec

7、tive on the right and wrong way to reform healthcare. The wrong way is to impose layer after layer of regulation and restrictions. We have seen this approach tried in many countries, and we have always see it failfail to hold down costs, and fail to provide the best quality care. l 这个观点是基于我们公司在全球医疗系

8、统中数十年的经验而提出来的。这些经验给了我们独特的视角，来判断医疗改革中正确和错误的做法。我们认为，强加层层规定和限制的做法是错误的。很多国家都曾经采取过这种改革方式，但这样的改革总是以失败而告终：因为它既没有降低医疗成本，也无法给患者提供优质的治疗。 幻灯片7l Medicine is changing at so rapid pace that no government agency or expert commission can keep up with it. Only an open, informed and competitive market can do that. Th

9、is lesson holds true for U. S. , and for all countries contemplating healthcare reform. Free markets do what governments mean to do but cant.l 医药的发展速度实在是太快了，任何政府机构或专家委员会都无法跟上。唯一能跟上这一发展速度的只有开放、信息充分而有竞争力的市场。这一经验教训既适用于美国，同样也适用于所有正在筹划医疗改革的国家。政府想做却又无法做到的事情，自由市场可以做到。 幻灯片8l The right approach is to foster

10、a flexible, market-based system in which consumers have rights, responsibilities, and choices. Healthcare systems do not work if patients are treated as passive recipients of services: they do work if consumers are well-informed about quality, costs, and new treatments, and are free to act responsib

11、ly on that knowledge. l 进行医疗改革的正确途径是建立一套灵活的、以市场为导向的医疗体制。在这套体制下，消费者既享有权利也承担义务，而且还能自由地做出选择。如果患者只是被动地接受医疗服务，这样的医疗体制根本就是行不通的。相反，如果患者能充分了解药物质量、医疗费用以及最新的治疗方法，然后再根据这些情况自由选择治疗方案，这样的体制才是可行的。 幻灯片9l Of course, reform should never be driven purely by cost consideration. Instead, we ought to devise new ways of f

12、unding healthcare that will make it possible for all patients to afford the best care. l 当然，医疗改革决不能只受价格因素的驱动。相反，我们应该寻求新的途径来资助医疗保险事业，使所有的患者都能享受最好的医疗服务。 幻灯片10l Ideally, these new approaches would not only reward individuals and families but also encourage innovation, which can make healthcare systems

13、more efficient, more productive, and ultimately of greater value for patients.l 理想的改革方式不仅能使个人和家庭受益，而且还能鼓励医疗创新，使得整个医疗体制的运行效率更高，成效更大，最终使患者受益更多。幻灯片11l The path we choose will have enormous implications for all of us. We are in a golden age of science, and no field of scientific inquiry holds more promi

14、se than that of biomedicine. Not only can we look forward to the discovery of cures for chronic and acute disease, but also to the development of enabling therapies that can help people enjoy more rewarding and productive lives. l 选择怎样的改革路线与我们每个人息息相关。我们正处在一个科学发展的黄金时代，而生物医学又是目前最具探索前景的一个科学领域。我们不仅可以期待找

15、到治愈各种急、慢性疾病的药物，还可以期待研制出各种疗法，帮助人们过上更有意义、更有价值的生活。 幻灯片12l New drugs are already helping people who would once have been disabled by arthritis or cardiovascular disease stay active and mobile. More effective anti-depressants and anti-psychotics are beginning to relieve the crippling illness of the mind,

16、 allowing sufferers to function normally and happily in society. The promise is quite simplyone of longer, healthier lives.l 过去，关节炎和心血管疾病的患者很有可能致残；而现在，新型的药物可以使他们继续活动自如。抗抑郁药和抗精神病药的疗效提高了，能缓解人们精神方面的疾病，使患者在社会上正常、快乐地生活。简单地说，生物医学给我们带来的希望就是，它能使人们更长寿、更健康。幻灯片13l What is at issue are the pace and breadth of d

17、iscovery, and how quickly we can make the benefits of our knowledge available to the patients who need them. l 现在还有待解决的问题就是新药开发的步伐有多快、范围有多广，以及需要多长时间才能让那些有需要的患者从中受益。幻灯片14l Therefore, the policy environment the biomedical industry will face in the next century may make or break the next wave of biomed

18、ical breakthroughs. Will that environment include protection for intellectual property, freedom for the market to determine price, and support for a robust science base? l 因此，下个世纪制药业所面临的政策环境将会决定生物医药领域是否会出现新一波的突破。改革后的政策环境会保护知识产权吗？会允许市场自由定价吗？会建立强大的科研基地而提供支持吗？幻灯片15l Will healthcare systems nurture inno

19、vation, or remove incentives for discover? Will they give consumers information and options, or impose stringent rules and regulations that limit access and choice? For the U. S., as for the rest of the world, the healthcare debate is by no means over. And for all of us, the stakes are higher than e

20、ver. l 改革后的医疗体制是有助于培养创新意识，还是会抑制创新？这样的医疗体制是为消费者提供更多的信息和选择，还是用苛刻的规则和条例限制他们的信息来源和选择权？对于美国和世界上其他国家来说，关于医疗体制的争论绝没有结束。而对我们所有人来说，医疗体制改革的风险比以往任何时候都要大。幻灯片16II. Translation Technique: DivisionIn division, we divide a sentence into two or more parts by picking out those words, phrases or clauses which are “har

21、d nuts to crack” and make them into Chinese word-groups, clauses or sentences, coordinate or subordinate.¯Picking Out of Words (拆译单词)¯ Picking Out of Phrases (拆译短语)¯Splitting of Complex Sentences (Attributive Clause) (拆译复合句）幻灯片17l ¯Picking Out of Words (拆译单词)l Your sister-in-law

22、is a nice pretty woman? (Vanity Fair)l 你的嫂子大概很漂亮，为人也不错，是不是？l I should be glad of your company on the journey.l 如果你能陪我一块儿去，我会很高兴。l He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.l 他提醒了我，要不然我就把这事给忘了。幻灯片18l The headlines of the Paris and London newspaper were big, black, and frightened. (Wind

23、s of War)l 巴黎和伦敦的报纸用的是大号黑体标题，显得惊慌失措。l I had unforgivably, in a stealthy manner, peeped at her correspondence. (Rebecca)l 我偷偷摸摸地看她的信，这实在是难以宽恕的行为。l The sailors swarmed into a laughing, cheering ring around the two men.l 水兵们欢欢笑笑，蜂拥而至，把这两个人围了起来。幻灯片19l At present people have a tendency to choose the safe

24、ty of the middle-ground reply.l 如今，人们倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为这样安全，不招风险。l The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation.l 如果当初把时间花在做一番详细的调查上，收获就会更大。幻灯片20l You could believe that I have worked that moment over and over again, in a sad attempt to send time back and resol

25、ve the event in a less tragic way. (N. Rigg)l 真的，我一次又一次地回忆当时的情景，带着忧伤的心情，想把时间倒转回去，以求用一种不那么悲惨的方式来处理这个意外情况。幻灯片21l ¯ Picking Out of Phrases (拆译短语)l In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours.l 门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。l I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, n

26、ot for one minute but for quite a considerable time. (W. Gallacher: Revolt on the Clyde)l 我等着要上路，越等越不耐烦，哪里是等一会儿，一等就是老半天。幻灯片22l Thunderstorms in spring and summer often come with intensity great enough to cause flash-flooding.l 春夏两季，雷雨交加，猛烈异常，往往顷刻之间，暴雨成灾。l l Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-ey

27、ed smiling attention, saying nothing, and applauding heartily with the rest. (The Winds of War)l 弗兰克林罗斯福目光炯炯，含笑倾听，一言未发，然后与其他人一道，报以热烈的掌声。幻灯片23l This is an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair. l 这是一次精心组织起来的会议。市政厅里挤满了人，热情洋溢，主持会议的斯特朗先生。l The sh

28、arp divergence of opinion in the General Assembly makes it difficult to adopt a meaning resolution.l 联合国大会上意见分歧很大，以致难以通过一项有意义的决议 幻灯片24l Nothing seems to be too much for your people to make our stay here comfortable and enjoyable and our work smooth and effective.l 为了使我们在这里逗留期间感到舒适又愉快，为了使我们的工作进行得顺利而有

29、成效，贵国人民似乎是不惜一切的。l The present onslaught of vehicles pose a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind. l 当前，车辆横冲直闯，严重威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。幻灯片25l Mr. Lodge was in an ambiguous position in Saigon as a possible Republican presidential candidate representing a Democratic administration.l 当时

30、洛奇先生在西贡的地位不明确。他可能成为共和党总统候选人，但是他代表的却是民主党政府。l From the above observation, the conclusion to be drawn is that orogeny is preceded by the development of a deep basin of exceptionally thick accumulation of sedimentary materials.l 从以上的观察可以得出结论，造山运动之前就形成了一个很深的盆地，其中堆积了巨厚的沉积物质。幻灯片26l They were forced to put

31、forward an alternative of separate development for all races in these so-called homelands with a promise of eventual independence for the Africans in these areas.l 他们不得不变换花样，提出所有种族在自己的所谓本土上分别发展的办法，并许诺非洲人最终在这些地区获得独立。幻灯片27l ¯Splitting of Complex Sentences (Attributive Clause) (拆译复合句）l In 1884, a

32、large group of nations held a conference in Washington, D. C., and established Standard Time, which was based on solar time as figured at the Royal Observatory of Greenwich, England.l 1884年，许多国家在美国首都华盛顿举行会议，定出了“标准时间”。这是按照英国格林威治皇家天文台计算出来的太阳时间。幻灯片28l Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many time

33、s the size of the computer of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputers. l 现在的集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的袖珍式微型计算机。l The draft resolution, carefully drafted in moderate terms, which, despite its flaws, we shall support, is primarily an appeal. l 这项决议草案，精

34、心草拟，措词温和，首先是一种呼吁。尽管它有缺点，我们还要支持。幻灯片29l On behalf of all of our American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. (Toasts by President Nixon at the banquet Given by Premier Zhou Enlai, Feb. 21, 1972)l 我谨代表你们的所有美国客

35、人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名于世。l Bright sunshine flooded the street where a group of boys in Sunday clothes were playing ball. (A. Waltz: Sunday Morning on Twentieth Street)l 大街上阳光灿烂。一群穿着假日服装的孩子正在街上玩球。幻灯片30l In the course of decay of the vegetable and animal matter in toe soil, various aci

36、ds and gases are formed which help to decompose the rock particles and other compounds needed for the plant foods.l 动植物在泥土里腐烂的过程中，形成各种酸和气体。这些酸和气体有助于分解岩石粒和其他化合物，以供植物作养料。l Tradition has it that island-city was founded in A. D. 451 when a coast-dwelling people called the Venetti fled across the lagoon

37、before advancing Hun barbarians. (C. Lucas: A Valentine for Venice)l 传说这座岛城是在公元451年建立的。那时候，野蛮的匈奴人步步逼近，居住在沿岸的那些被称为威尼替的民族，在匈奴人来到之前就逃过了环礁湖。幻灯片31l III. Classroom Exercises and Commentl IV. Comment on the After-Class Exercise幻灯片32l Its not the turkey alone were grateful for. Not the cranberry sauce or th

38、e stuffing or even the pumpkin pie. Some of the people seated at the table are strangersfriends of friends, cousins of in-lawsand some are almost desperately familiar, faces we live and work with every day.l 不单是因为有火鸡我们才感恩，也不是因为有红梅果酱、火鸡馅料，甚至不是因为有南瓜派。餐桌上就座的人有些是陌生人，是朋友的朋友，亲戚的亲戚，有些则是熟得不能再熟的人，一起生活的家人，一块儿

39、工作的同事。幻灯片33l In any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these peoplethe cooking and serving and cleaninga chore. But today it doesnt feel that way. l 要是一年中其他时候，周四也就是个普通的周四，这么一群人聚在一起，少不了要做饭上菜、清洗杯盘，麻烦是难免的。可今天不同，今天我们并不感到麻烦。 幻灯片34l The hostperhaps its youstands up and ask

40、s that we give thanks, and we do, each in our own way. And what were thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of belonging.l 主人（也许正是你）站起身来，邀大家感恩，也就是因为有饭吃，有房住，有人陪伴，更重要的是有那份归属感。 幻灯片35l As holidays go, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical.

41、 Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them. l 在众多的假日中，感恩节可以说是最令人深思的节日。今天我们会把平时习以为常的东西看得很珍贵。怎么至少会在吃饭前的片刻，看透那一成不变的生活，悟出背后的道理

42、。 幻灯片36l In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not. Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible with the gratitudenot to mention the abundancethat Thanksgiving summons.l 换句话说，无论我们觉

43、得自己是贫是富，我们总是尽力把自己看得十分富有。今天是美国人难得有意识地将欲望搁置一旁的日子，这至少是因为今天我们有一颗感恩的心，更不用说还有一桌丰盛的菜肴，欲望此时光临便显得格格不入。 幻灯片37l Its tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another, except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isnt true. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion of the year were in. l 人们不禁会觉得，除了宾客不同，菜式翻新，感恩节还是年年依旧。其实不然。感恩节这一餐总是关乎到我们的处境，反映出一年的年景。 幻灯片38l Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other