北京四中主谓一致[特约]

1、精诚凝聚=A_A=成就梦想 鑼点亮心灯/()照亮人生 鑼主谓一致主谓一致是高一下学期的一个语法专项。对于这一语法的掌握大部分靠理解后的记忆。关键要找准主语，再看其句式结构，按照规则办事。另外，对于作主语的名词还要分清是可数名词还 是不可数名词。下面我们就这一语法内容进行讲解。谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称、数上保持一致，叫主谓一致。处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。一、语法上一致：谓语和主语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式，主语为复数，谓语也为复数形式。A、谓语用单数的情况1、 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作

2、主语时。例: The boy is clever eno ugh to study maths well.To work hard is n ecessary.Readi ng aloud is very importa nt in lea ning a foreig n Ian guage.Whether she comes or not is of no matter.2、 由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every,或 no 修饰时，其谓语要用单 数形式。例: In our country every boy and every girl has the rig

3、ht to education.No teacher and no student is going to take part in such a boring game.3、 主语是单数，其后尽管有 as well as, no less tha n, rather tha n, more tha n, but, except, besides,with, alo ng with, together with, like, i ncludi ng, in addition to等起连接作用的词语带其他名词，谓语动词仍用单数。例: The teacher as well as the stud

4、ents likes this painting.4、 某些不定代词，女口either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything,somebody, some one, someth ing, every body, every one, everyth ing, no body, no one, nothing. 等，当它 们作主语时，通常用单数。5、 many a +单名，谓语用单数。例: Many a stude nt is coming.6、 the number of+复数名词，谓语用单数，中

5、心词是number。二、意义一致：从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题，即主语形式为单数，意义为复数。谓语依意义而定用复数， 反之，主语II精诚凝聚7=成就梦想 鑼点亮心灯/()照亮人生 鑼形式为复数，意义为单数，谓语用单数。7、 表时间、距离、价格、度量等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看时，谓语动词用单数。例：Fifty years is not a long time.One hun dred kilometers is a good dista nee.Four hun dred dollars is more tha n she can afford.Five pou nds is quite e

6、n ough.8、 在说一个算式时，表数目的主语通常作单数看，谓语用单数。例: 20 plus 5 is 25.9、 以 ics 结尾的学科名称，如 mathematics, physics, politics, news, works 等都属形复意单名 词，谓语用单数。例: Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.The glass works was rebuilt in 1959.10、用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等复数名词作主谓时，谓语用单数。例:“ The Arabian Nights ” is a very interesting story

7、 book.The Un ited States is a capitalist cou ntry.B、谓语用复数的情况：1 主语为复数，谓语用复数。例: They are doing their homework now.2 .用 and 或 bothand 连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例: Plastics and rubber n ever rot.He and I are classmates whe n we were at college.Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.What he says and what h

8、e does do not agree.但是：并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念其谓语要用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例:In this hotel, the bread and butter (= the bread with butter on it) is served for breakfast.A cart and horse was see n in the dista nee.The girl s teacher and frie nd is a you ng doctor.Truth and hon esty is the best policy.3. 一

9、些只有复数形式的名词如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales, glasses 等，它们作主语时，谓语要用复数。例: The scales are mine.My trousers are being washed.但：如果成双的东西前有a pair of 来修饰时，谓语要用单数。II精诚凝聚7=成就梦想 鑼点亮心灯/()照亮人生 鑼例: This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.4. 表总称意义的名词 public, police, cattle, people (人们、人民)作主语时，谓语动词用复

10、数。例： The police have not made any arrests.People are talking about the news.5.以定冠词 the + adj （或分词形式的 adj.）作主语时，如果指的是一类人，谓语用复数。例: The English speak English.The rich are not always happy.C、单复数依情况而定：1、在主谓倒装句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例: Here comes an old lady.2、关系代词 who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数

11、 一致。例: Those who want to go please sign their names here.Some of the en ergy that is used by man no wadays comes from the atom.3、 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of（ 一堆）,heaps of, a large quantity of 等 +n 构成的短语 作主语2由分数、分数+n 构成的短语作主语3the rest of / the rema in der of / most of/half of 短语作主语 ,其谓语动

12、词要根据短语中后面名词的数而定，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例: There are lots of people.Lots of damage was caused by the fire.Three-fourths of the people here are doctorsThree-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.Only 30 percent of the students are Only 30 percent of the water is The rest of the books are

13、The rest of the water is Half of the visitors are from Europe.Half of the fruit is bad.Most of them are Most of the wood was used to make fur niture.4、 有些集合名词，女口family, team, group, crowd, crew, class, audie nee, gover nment, company, committee 等作主语时，如果看作一个整体用单数，如果就其中的一个成员而言，用复数。例:family:My family i

14、s a big family.My family are watchi ng TV.populati on:The populati on of the earth is in creas ing very fast.II精诚凝聚7=成就梦想 鑼点亮心灯/()照亮人生 鑼What is the populati on of China?One third of the populati on here are workers.II精诚凝聚7=成就梦想 鑼点亮心灯/(AvA)鑼5、疑问代词 who, what, which，不定代词 all, some, any, none 等，谓语动词须视情况

15、分别采 取复数或单数形式。例： Who is your brother?Who are league members?三、就近一致有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、 在正式文体中，用连词or, either - or, neither nor, whether or, not only but also 等连接并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例: What he does or what he says does not concern me.Either he or I know the truth.He did n t s

16、ay whether some En glish no vels or an En glish dicti onary was wan ted.Not only he but also you are wrong.2、在倒装句中，谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。例: Where is your mother and younger sisters?There is a no tebook, a pen and some books on the desk.In the dista nee was heard the applause of the people, the shouts

17、and clapp ing of han ds.但：也可按语法一致原则处理倒装句中主谓一致的问题。例: There are a notebook, a pen and some books on the desk.练习检测1. About 60 perce nt of the stude nts andforeig n cou ntries.A. are/isC. is/are2. Half of the workers here_un der 30_ .A. is/yearsB. are/year oldC. is/years oldD. are/years of age3. Now Tom

18、 with his classmates_football on the playgrou nd.B. are play ingD. is playi ng4. The n umber of pages in this dicti onary_ about two thousa nd.A. areB. hasC. haveD. is5. Thirty dollars_ too expe nsive.A. areB. isC. wereD. befrom the south, the rest of them_from the northA. playC. playsII精诚凝聚7=成就梦想 鑼

19、点亮心灯/(AvA)鑼照亮人生II精诚凝聚7=成就梦想 鑼点亮心灯/()照亮人生 鑼6. The audienee_ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A. isB. areC. wasD. has7. The secretary and prin cipal_ at the meeti ng now.A. are speak ingB. is speak ingC. were making a speechD. have a speech8.If anybody_ , please put down_ na

20、me, ” said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book/hisB. want to buy the book/theirC. will buy the book/one sD. wants to have the book bought/her9. Noth ing but one desk and six chairs_ in the room.A. areB. is stayedC. isD. are left10. Having arrived at the stati on,_A. it was found that

21、 the train had leftB. the train had leftC. the train was found leftD. he found that the train had left11. Betwee n the two roads_a TV tower called “ Skyscraper TowerA. sta ndsB. sta ndingC. which sta ndsD. sta nd12. Either of you_ going there toni ght.A. willB. wasC. isD. are13. You as well_ right.A

22、. I areC. as I amB. I amD. as I are14. All but Dick_ in Class Three this term.A. areB. isC. wereD. was15. Shall I wait here for three hours?Yes. Three hours_to wait for such a doctor.A. are not very long for youB. is not long eno ugh for youC. was not long en ough for youD. will be too long for youII精诚凝聚7=成就梦想 鑼点亮心灯/()照亮人生 鑼II精诚凝聚7=成就梦想 鑼点亮心灯/()照亮人生 鑼16. Where to get the materials and how to g